ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Reed Hastings - Entrepreneur, philanthropist
As co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment.

Why you should listen

Reed Hastings co-founded Netflix in 1997. Today the company develops, licenses and delivers entertainment across a wide variety of genres and languages to hundreds of millions of people in 190 countries. In 1991, he founded Pure Software, which made tools for software developers. After a 1995 IPO and several acquisitions, Pure was acquired by Rational Software in 1997.

Hastings is an active educational philanthropist and served on the California State Board of Education from 2000 to 2004. He is on the board of several educational organizations including DreamBox Learning, KIPP and Pahara. He's also a board member of Facebook and was on the board of Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. He received a BA from Bowdoin College in 1983 and an MSCS in artificial intelligence from Stanford University in 1988. Between Bowdoin and Stanford, he served in the Peace Corps as a high school math teacher in Swaziland. 

More profile about the speaker
Reed Hastings | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED2018

Reed Hastings: How Netflix changed entertainment -- and where it's headed

Reed Hastings: Como a Netflix mudou o entretenimento e para onde está se direcionando

Filmed:
1,975,627 views

A Netflix mudou o mundo do entretenimento, primeiro com a distribuição de DVDs por correio, depois com "streaming" e mais uma vez com programas originais sensacionais como "Orange Is the New Black" e "Stranger Things", mas não sem assumir sua parcela de riscos. Nesta conversa com o curador do TED, Chris Anderson. o cofundador e CEO da Netflix, Reed Hastings, discute a audaciosa cultura interna da empresa, o poderoso algoritmo que alimenta suas recomendações, os US$ 8 bilhões que estão investindo em conteúdo este ano, suas atividades filantrópicas apoiando educação inovadora e muito mais.
- Entrepreneur, philanthropist
As co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Chris Anderson: I have been long
so fascinated and amazed
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Chris Anderson: Há tempo sou
fascinado e impressionado
00:16
by so many aspects of Netflix.
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por diversos aspectos da Netflix.
00:17
You're full of surprises, if I may say so.
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Pode-se dizer que vocês
são cheios de surpresas.
00:20
One of those surprises happened,
I think about six years ago.
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Uma dessas surpresas ocorreu
há cerca de seis anos.
00:24
So, the company back then
was doing really well,
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Na época, a empresa ia muito bem,
00:28
but you were basically a streaming service
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mas era basicamente
um serviço de "streaming"
00:30
for other people's films and TV content.
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de filmes de outras pessoas
e conteúdo de TV.
00:34
You'd persuaded Wall Street
that you were right
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Vocês convenceram a Wall Street de que
estavam certos em dar uma guinada radical
00:36
to make the kind of radical shift
away from just sending people DVDs,
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e, em vez de apenas enviar DVDs
às pessoas, fazer isso via streaming.
00:40
so you were doing it by streaming.
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00:42
And you were growing like a weed --
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Vocês estavam crescendo como erva daninha,
00:44
you had more than six million subscribers
and healthy growth rates,
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com mais de 6 milhões de assinantes
e taxas de crescimento saudáveis,
00:47
and yet, you chose that moment
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e, ainda assim, escolheram aquele momento
para tomar uma decisão enorme,
00:49
to kind of make a giant --
really, a bet-the-company decision.
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de realmente apostar
todas as fichas na empresa.
00:55
What was that decision,
and what motivated it?
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Que decisão foi essa e o que a motivou?
00:58
Reed Hastings: Well,
cable networks from all time
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Reed Hastings: Bem, todas as redes a cabo
01:01
have started on other people's content
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sempre começaram com conteúdos de outros
01:03
and then grown into doing
their own originals.
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e depois passaram a produzir
seu próprio conteúdo original.
01:06
So we knew of the general idea
for quite a while.
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Então já tínhamos essa ideia
há algum tempo.
01:10
And we had actually tried to get into
original content back in 2005,
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Na verdade tentamos começar
com conteúdo original em 2005,
01:14
when we were on DVD only
and buying films at Sundance --
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quando só operávamos com DVD
e comprávamos filmes no Sundance;
01:18
Maggie Gyllenhaal, "Sherrybaby,"
we published on DVD --
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publicamos "Sherrybaby",
com Maggie Gyllenhaal em DVD...
01:21
we were a mini studio.
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Éramos um miniestúdio.
01:22
And it didn't work out,
because we were subscale.
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E não funcionou porque
tínhamos pequena escala.
01:25
And then, as you said, in 2011,
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Depois, como você disse, em 2011,
01:28
Ted Sarandos, my partner at Netflix
who runs content,
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Ted Sarandos, meu parceiro na Netflix
responsável pelo conteúdo,
01:32
got very excited about "House of Cards."
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ficou muito empolgado
com "House of Cards".
01:35
And at that time,
it was 100 million dollars,
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Na época custou US$ 100 milhões,
01:37
it was a fantastic investment,
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foi um investimento fantástico
01:41
and it was in competition with HBO.
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e competia com a HBO.
01:44
And that was really the breakthrough,
that he picked right upfront.
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E esse foi realmente
o primeiro sucesso que ele escolheu.
01:47
CA: But that was a significant percentage
of the revenue of the company
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CA: Mas era um percentual significativo
da receita da empresa, na época.
01:50
at that time.
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01:52
But how could you get confident
that that was actually worth doing?
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Como vocês podiam ter confiança
de que valia a pena?
01:56
If you got that wrong,
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Se tivessem se enganado,
01:58
it might have been really
devastating for the company.
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poderia ser realmente
devastador para a empresa.
02:00
RH: Yeah, we weren't confident.
I mean, that's the whole tension of it.
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RH: Sim, não tínhamos certeza.
Quero dizer, aí residia toda a tensão.
02:04
We were like, "Holy ...!" --
I can't say that.
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Estávamos tipo: "Que m...!"
Não posso dizer isso.
02:08
Yeah, it was scary.
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Sim, era assustador.
02:10
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
02:13
CA: And with that, it wasn't just
producing new content.
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CA: E não era só produzir conteúdo novo.
02:17
You also, pretty much with that,
if I understand right,
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Se entendi bem, com isso
vocês introduziram a ideia
02:19
introduced this idea of binge-viewing.
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de assistir até cansar.
02:21
It wasn't, "We're going to do
these episodes and build excitement" --
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Não era assim: "Vamos produzir
esses episódios e criar empolgação"...
02:25
boom! -- all at one time.
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Bum! Tudo de uma vez.
02:27
And that consumer mode
hadn't really been tested.
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E essa forma de consumo
não tinha sido testada.
02:29
Why did you risk that?
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Por que se arriscaram?
02:31
RH: Well, you know,
we had grown up shipping DVDs.
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RH: Bem, nós crescemos distribuindo DVDs.
02:34
And then there were series,
box sets, on DVD.
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E havia séries e coletâneas em DVD.
02:36
And all of us had that experience
watching some of the great HBO content
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Todos nós tínhamos a experiência
de assistir aos melhores conteúdos da HBO
02:41
you know, with the DVD --
next episode, next episode.
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em DVD: próximo episódio,
próximo episódio.
02:44
And so that was the trigger
to make us think,
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E foi isso que nos fez pensar:
02:47
wow, you know, with episodic content,
especially serialized,
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uau, com conteúdo em episódios,
especialmente os serializados,
02:51
it's so powerful to have
all the episodes at once.
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é muito poderoso ter
todos os episódios de uma vez só.
02:54
And it's something
that linear TV can't do.
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Isso é algo que a TV linear
não consegue fazer.
02:57
And so both of those
made it really positive.
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Então essas duas coisas
foram muito positivas.
03:01
CA: And so, did it work out on the math
pretty much straight away,
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CA: Então esse cálculo funcionou tão bem
03:04
that an hour spent watching
"House of Cards," say,
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que uma hora gasta
assistindo a "House of Cards"
03:08
was more profitable to you
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era mais lucrativa para vocês
03:10
than an hour spent watching
someone else's licensed content?
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que uma hora assistindo
a conteúdo licenciado de outros?
03:14
RH: You know, because we're subscription,
we don't have to track it at that level.
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RH: Sabe, como trabalhamos por assinatura,
não precisamos mapear a esse nível.
03:19
And so it's really about
making the brand stronger,
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Então é realmente questão
de fortalecer a marca,
03:21
so that more people want to join.
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para que mais pessoas queiram assinar.
03:23
And "House of Cards" absolutely did that,
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E "House of Cards" fez isso, sem dúvida,
03:25
because then many people
would talk about it
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porque na época muitas pessoas
falavam sobre isso
03:28
and associate that brand with us,
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e associavam aquela marca conosco,
03:30
whereas "Mad Men" we carried --
great show, AMC show --
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enquanto "Mad Men", um ótimo show da AMC,
03:34
but they didn't associate it with Netflix,
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não era associado à Netflix,
mesmo ao ser assistido no Netflix.
03:36
even if they watched it on Netflix.
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03:38
CA: And so you added
all these other remarkable series,
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CA: Então vocês incluíram
todas essas séries notáveis,
03:42
"Narcos," "Jessica Jones,"
"Orange is the New Black," "The Crown,"
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"Narcos", "Jessica Jones",
"Orange is the New Black", "The Crown",
03:47
"Black Mirror" -- personal favorite --
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"Black Mirror", minha favorita,
03:50
"Stranger Things" and so on.
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"Stranger Things" e outras.
03:51
And so, this coming year,
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E então, para o próximo ano,
03:54
the level of investment you're planning
to make in new content
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o nível de investimento
que estão planejando em conteúdo novo
03:57
is not 100 million.
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não é US$ 100 milhões.
03:59
It's what?
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É quanto?
04:00
RH: It's about eight billion dollars
around the world.
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RH: Em torno de US$ 8 bilhões
em todo o mundo.
04:03
And it's not enough.
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E não é suficiente.
04:06
There are so many great shows
on other networks.
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Há tantos programas ótimos
em outras redes.
04:10
And so we have a long way to go.
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Então temos um longo caminho pela frente.
04:12
CA: But eight billion --
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CA: Mas US$ 8 bilhões...
04:14
that's pretty much higher than any other
content commissioner at this point?
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isso é muito mais que qualquer outro
administrador de conteúdo, neste momento?
04:19
RH: No, Disney is in that realm,
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RH: Não, a Disney está nesse patamar,
04:21
and if they're able to acquire Fox,
they're even bigger.
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e se eles adquirirem a Fox,
serão ainda maiores.
04:26
And then, really, that's spread globally,
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Então, realmente, isso ocorre globalmente,
04:29
so it's not as much as it sounds.
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e não é tanto quanto parece.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
CA: Mas, claramente, vendo Barry Dillers
e outros do mercado da mídia,
04:34
CA: But clearly, from the Barry Dillers
and others in the media business,
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parece que essa empresa veio do nada
04:38
it feels like from nowhere,
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04:40
this company has come and has
really revolutionized the business.
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e realmente revolucionou o mercado.
04:43
It's like, as if Blockbuster one day said,
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Como se um dia a Blockbuster dissesse:
04:45
"We're going to make Blockbuster videos,"
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"Vamos fazer vídeos da Blockbuster",
04:47
and then, six years later,
was as big as Disney.
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e seis anos depois
fosse grande como a Disney.
04:51
I mean, that story would never
have happened, and yet it did.
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Quero dizer, isso nunca teria acontecido
e, ainda assim, aconteceu.
04:55
RH: That's the bitch about the internet --
it moves fast, you know?
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RH: Essa é a droga com a internet,
ela se move rapidamente, sabe?
05:00
Everything around us moves really quick.
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Tudo ao nosso redor se move rapidamente.
05:02
CA: I mean, there must be something
unusual about Netflix's culture
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CA: Quero dizer, deve haver
algo não usual na cultura da Netflix
05:07
that allowed you to take such
bold -- I won't say "reckless" --
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que permite que seja tão audaciosa,
não vou dizer "imprudente",
05:12
bold, well thought-through decisions.
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audaciosa, decisões muito bem pensadas.
05:14
RH: Yeah, absolutely.
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RH: Sim, absolutamente.
05:15
We did have one advantage,
which is we were born on DVD,
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Nós tivemos uma vantagem, nascemos do DVD
05:18
and we knew that that
was going to be temporary.
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e sabíamos que ele seria temporário.
Ninguém achou que ficaríamos
100 anos enviando discos.
05:20
No one thought we'd be
mailing discs for 100 years.
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05:23
So then you have a lot of paranoia
about what's coming next,
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Então você fica paranoico
em relação ao que vem a seguir,
05:26
and that's part of the founding ethos,
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e isso faz parte do caráter de base,
05:29
is really worrying
about what's coming next.
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e preocupa-se realmente
com o que vem a seguir.
05:32
So that's an advantage.
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Então essa é uma vantagem.
05:33
And then in terms of the culture,
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E nossa cultura é muito ampla em relação
à liberdade e responsabilidade.
05:35
it's very big on freedom
and responsibility.
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Me orgulho de tomar o mínimo possível
de decisões em um trimestre.
05:37
I pride myself on making as few decisions
as possible in a quarter.
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05:41
And we're getting better
and better at that.
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E estamos cada vez melhores nisso.
05:43
There are some times
I can go a whole quarter
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Algumas vezes passo um trimestre inteiro
05:46
without making any decisions.
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sem tomar nenhuma decisão.
05:47
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:49
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:51
CA: But there are some really
surprising things about your people.
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CA: Mas há algumas coisas realmente
surpreendentes com seus funcionários.
05:55
For example, I looked at one survey.
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Por exemplo, olhei uma pesquisa.
05:58
It looks like Netflix employees,
compared to your peers',
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Parece que os funcionários da Netflix,
comparados com seus colegas,
são basicamente os mais bem pagos
por serviços equivalentes.
06:02
are basically the highest paid
for equivalent jobs.
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06:05
And the least likely to want to leave.
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E os que menos querem sair.
06:08
And if you Google
the Netflix culture deck,
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E se pesquisarmos no Google
sobre o "culture deck" da Netflix,
06:14
you see this list of quite surprising
admonitions to your employees.
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vemos uma lista surpreendente
de advertências a seus empregados.
06:18
Talk about a few of them.
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Fale sobre algumas delas.
06:20
RH: Well, you know, my first company --
we were very process obsessed.
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RH: Bem, em minha primeira empresa,
éramos obcecados pelo processo.
06:24
This was in the 1990s.
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Isso foi na década de 1990.
06:26
And every time someone made a mistake,
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E sempre que alguém cometia um erro,
06:28
we tried to put a process in place
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tentávamos estabelecer um processo
para garantir que aquele erro
não aconteceria de novo.
06:30
to make sure that mistake
didn't happen again --
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06:32
so, very semiconductor-yield orientation.
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Uma orientação muito reativa.
06:36
And the problem is, we were trying
to dummy-proof the system.
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E o problema é que tentamos
tornar o sistema à prova de imbecis.
06:39
And then, eventually,
only dummies wanted to work there.
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E por fim só imbecis queriam trabalhar lá.
Então, claro, o mercado mudou,
06:43
Then, of course, the market shifted --
in that case, it was C++ to Java.
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no caso foi de C++ para Java,
mas sempre há alguma mudança,
06:47
But you know, there's always some shift.
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06:49
And the company was unable to adapt,
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e a empresa não conseguiu se adaptar
06:51
and it got acquired
by our largest competitor.
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e foi adquirida
por nosso maior concorrente.
06:54
And so with Netflix, I was super focused
on how to run with no process
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Então, com a Netflix, eu estava
muito focado em não ter processos,
07:00
but not have chaos.
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mas sem ter o caos.
07:01
And so then we've developed
all these mechanisms,
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Então desenvolvemos
todos esses mecanismos:
07:04
super high-talented people, alignment,
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pessoas altamente talentosas, alinhamento,
07:07
talking openly, sharing information --
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falar abertamente,
compartilhar informação...
07:09
internally, people are stunned
at how much information --
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internamente as pessoas ficam
espantadas com tanta informação:
07:12
all the core strategies, etc.
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todas as estratégias centrais, etc.
07:14
We're like the "anti-Apple" --
you know how they compartmentalize?
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Somos tipo uma "anti-Apple".
Sabe como eles compartimentam tudo?
Fazemos o contrário:
todos têm todas as informações.
07:17
We do the opposite, which is:
everybody gets all the information.
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07:21
So what we're trying to do is build
a sense of responsibility in people
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Com isso tentamos construir
um senso de responsabilidade nas pessoas
07:25
and the ability to do things.
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e a habilidade de fazer coisas.
07:26
I find out about big decisions now
that are made all the time,
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Fiquei sabendo agora que grandes decisões
são tomadas o tempo todo,
07:30
I've never even heard about it,
which is great.
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não sabia disso, o que é ótimo.
07:32
And mostly, they go well.
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E em geral elas são boas.
07:35
CA: So you just wake up
and read them on the internet.
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CA: Então você acorda
e fica sabendo pela internet.
RH: Às vezes.
07:37
RH: Sometimes.
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CA: "Oh, acabamos de estrear na China!"
07:38
CA: "Oh, we just entered China!"
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07:40
RH: Yeah, well that would be a big one.
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RH: Bem, essa seria uma das grandes.
07:43
CA: But you allow employees to set
their own vacation time, and ...
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CA: Mas você permite que os funcionários
determinem seu período de férias e...
07:48
There's just --
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É só um...
07:50
RH: Sure, that's a big
symbolic one, vacation,
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RH: Claro, isso é
bem simbólico, as férias,
07:53
because most people, in practice,
do that, anyway.
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porque a maioria das pessoas faz isso
na prática, de qualquer forma.
07:56
But yeah, there's a whole lot
of that freedom.
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Mas sim, há muita liberdade.
08:01
CA: And courage, you ask for
as a fundamental value.
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CA: E coragem, você pede isso
como um valor fundamental.
08:07
RH: Yeah, we want people
to speak the truth.
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RH: Sim, queremos
que as pessoas digam a verdade.
08:09
And we say, "To disagree
silently is disloyal."
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E dizemos: "Discordar
em silêncio é desleal".
08:13
It's not OK to let some decision
go through without saying your piece,
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Não é legal deixar passar
alguma decisão sem dar seu palpite
08:18
and typically, writing it down.
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e, tipicamente, registrá-lo.
08:20
And so we're very focused
on trying to get to good decisions
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E estamos bem focados
em obter boas decisões
08:23
through the debate that always happens.
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através do debate que sempre ocorre.
08:27
And we try not to make it intense,
like yelling at each other --
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E tentamos que ele não seja intenso,
do tipo gritar uns com os outros...
08:30
nothing like that.
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nada desse tipo.
08:31
You know, it's really curiosity
drawing people out.
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É realmente a curiosidade
movendo as pessoas.
08:35
CA: You've got this other
secret weapon at Netflix, it seems,
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CA: Vocês parecem ter
outra arma secreta na Netflix,
08:38
which is this vast trove of data,
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uma vasta e valiosa coleção de dados,
08:40
a word we've heard
a certain amount about this week.
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uma expressão que ouvimos
bastante esta semana.
08:43
You've often taken
really surprising stances
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Vocês em geral adotam
pontos de vista surpreendentes
08:47
towards building smart
algorithms at Netflix.
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em relação à construção
de algoritmos inteligentes na Netflix.
08:50
Back in the day, you opened up
your algorithm to the world
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Você já abriu seu algoritmo
para o mundo e disse:
08:54
and said, "Hey, can anyone do better
than this recommendation we've got?
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"Ei, alguém consegue fazer melhor
do que essa recomendação que temos?
08:57
If so, we'll pay you a million dollars."
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Se conseguir, pagamos US$ 1 milhão".
08:59
You paid someone a million dollars,
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Você pagou US$ 1 milhão a alguém,
porque era 10% melhor que o seu.
09:01
because it was like 10 percent
better than yours.
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RH: Isso mesmo.
09:03
RH: That's right.
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CA: Foi uma boa decisão?
Você faria isso de novo?
09:04
CA: Was that a good decision?
Would you do that again?
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RH: Sim, foi muito empolgante,
na época, foi por volta de 2007.
09:07
RH: Yeah, it was super exciting
at the time; this was about 2007.
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Mas não fizemos isso de novo.
09:10
But you know, we haven't done it again.
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09:12
So clearly, it's a very specialized tool.
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Claro, é uma ferramenta
muito especializada.
09:15
And so think of that as
a lucky break of good timing,
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Pense nisso como um golpe de sorte
no momento oportuno,
09:19
rather than a general framework.
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mais do que uma regra geral.
09:21
So what we've done is invest a lot
on the algorithms,
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Nós investimos muito nos algoritmos,
09:26
so that we feature the right content
to the right people
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para apresentar o conteúdo correto
para as pessoas corretas
09:29
and try to make it fun
and easy to explore.
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e tentar deixá-lo fácil
e divertido de explorar.
09:32
CA: And you made this, what seems
like a really interesting shift,
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CA: E há alguns anos, vocês deram
uma guinada realmente interessante.
09:35
a few years ago.
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09:36
You used to ask people,
"Here are 10 movies. What do you think?
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Vocês costumavam perguntar às pessoas:
"Aqui estão dez filmes. O que você acha?
09:41
Which ones of these
are your best movies?"
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Quais são seus preferidos?"
09:44
And then tried to match those movies
with recommendations for what was coming.
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E então tentavam casar esses filmes
com recomendações para os próximos.
09:49
And then you changed away from that.
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E então vocês mudaram.
09:51
Talk about that.
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Fale sobre isso.
RH: Claro.
09:53
RH: Sure.
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581006
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Todos davam cinco estrelas
para "A Lista de Schindler",
09:54
Everyone would rate
"Schindler's List" five stars,
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2448
e três para "Zerando a Vida",
do Adam Sandler.
09:56
and then they'd rate Adam Sandler,
"The Do-Over" three stars.
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10:01
But, in fact, when you looked
at what they watched,
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Mas, na verdade, ao olhar o que assistiam,
era quase sempre Adam Sandler.
10:03
it was almost always Adam Sandler.
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10:06
And so what happens is, when we rate
and we're metacognitive about quality,
201
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Então, quando somos metacognitivos
em relação à qualidade ao dar uma nota,
10:11
that's sort of our aspirational self.
202
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2252
é como se fosse nosso "eu ideal".
10:14
And it works out much better
to please people
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2349
E funciona bem melhor,
para agradar as pessoas,
10:16
to look at the actual choices
that they make,
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olhar para as escolhas
que elas realmente fazem,
10:18
their revealed preferences
by how much they enjoy simple pleasures.
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4763
suas preferências reveladas pelo quanto
elas apreciam pequenos prazeres.
10:24
CA: OK, I want to talk
for a couple of minutes about this,
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CA: Certo, quero falar
um pouco sobre isso,
10:27
because this strikes me as a huge deal,
not just for Netflix,
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porque isso me soa muito importante
não só para a Netflix,
para a internet como um todo.
10:30
for the internet as a whole.
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A diferença entre os valores aspiracionais
10:31
The difference between aspirational values
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2714
10:34
and revealed values.
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2261
e os valores revelados.
10:36
You, brilliantly, didn't pay too much
attention to what people said,
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3505
Você, brilhantemente, não deu
muita atenção ao que as pessoas disseram,
10:40
you watched what they did,
and then found the stuff that,
212
628161
3424
você observou o que elas fizeram
e descobriu coisas como:
10:43
"Oh my God, I never knew I would like
a show about making horrible recipes,
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4593
"Nossa, nunca pensei que eu iria gostar
de um programa sobre receitas horríveis,
10:48
called 'Nailed It!'"
214
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1407
chamado 'Nailed It!'"
10:49
RH: Called "Nailed It!" Right.
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1481
RH: "Nailed It!" Isso mesmo.
10:51
CA: It's hilarious. I would never
have even thought of that.
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2899
CA: É hilário, mas eu jamais
teria pensado naquilo.
10:54
But aren't there risks with this,
217
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1619
Mas não há riscos
10:55
if this go-only-with-revealed-values
approach is taken too far?
218
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5206
se essa abordagem de apostar
só nos valores revelados for muito longe?
11:01
RH: Well, we get a lot of joy
from making people happy,
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3024
RH: Bem, nós ficamos felizes
em deixar as pessoas alegres.
11:04
Sometimes you just want to relax
and watch a show like "Nailed It!"
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3599
Às vezes você só quer relaxar
e assistir a um programa como "Nailed It!"
11:08
And it's fun, and it's not stressful.
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2520
Ele é engraçado, não é estressante.
11:11
Other times, people want
to watch very intensive film.
222
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Outras vezes, as pessoas
querem ver filmes bem intensos.
11:14
"Mudbound" was Oscar-nominated,
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2879
"Mudbound: Lágrimas sobre o Mississipi"
foi indicado ao Oscar,
11:17
it's a great, very intensive film.
224
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2129
é um filme ótimo, muito intenso.
11:19
And you know, we've had over
20 million hours of viewing on "Mudbound,"
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4743
E tivemos mais de 20 milhões de horas
de visualizações de "Mudbound",
11:24
which is dramatically bigger
than it would have been in the theaters
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3256
imensamente mais do que nos cinemas
ou qualquer outra forma de distribuição.
11:27
or any other distribution.
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11:28
And so, we have some candy, too,
but we have lots of broccoli.
228
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4373
Então, temos alguns doces, sim,
mas temos muitas verduras.
11:33
And you know, if you have the good mix,
you get to a healthy diet.
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4622
E você sabe, se tiver um cardápio variado,
você tem uma dieta saudável.
11:37
CA: But -- yes, indeed.
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CA: Mas... sim, sem dúvida.
11:39
But isn't it the case that algorithms
tend to point you away from the broccoli
231
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Mas não acontece de os algoritmos
afastarem você das verduras
11:44
and towards the candy,
232
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1151
e aproximá-lo dos doces,
se não tomar cuidado?
11:45
if you're not careful?
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1151
Há pouco tivemos uma palestra
sobre como os algoritmos do YouTube,
11:46
We just had a talk about how,
on YouTube, somehow algorithms
234
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2854
11:49
tend to, just by actually being smarter,
235
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3508
apenas sendo mais inteligentes,
11:53
tend to drive people towards
more radical or specific content.
236
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4238
tendem a direcionar as pessoas
a conteúdos mais radicais ou específicos.
11:57
It'd be easy to imagine
that Netflix algorithms,
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3150
Imagino facilmente
que os algoritmos do Netflix,
12:00
just going on revealed values,
would gradually --
238
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3944
baseando-se apenas nos valores revelados,
iriam gradualmente...
12:04
RH: Right, get too base --
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1596
RH: Sim, decaírem muito...
12:06
CA: We'd all be watching
violent pornography or something.
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3325
CA: Estaríamos todos assistindo
pornografia violenta ou algo assim.
12:09
Or some people would, you know.
241
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Ou algumas pessoas estariam.
12:11
But, how --
242
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1152
Mas como...
12:12
(Laughter)
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2310
(Risos)
12:14
Not me!
244
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1150
Não eu!
12:16
I'm the child of a missionary,
I don't even think about these things.
245
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3254
Sou filho de um missionário,
nem penso nessas coisas.
12:20
But --
246
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Mas...
12:21
(Laughter)
247
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1238
(Risos)
12:22
But I mean, it's possible, right?
248
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1739
Mas seria possível, certo?
12:25
RH: In practice, you're right
that you can't just rely on algorithms.
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3319
RH: Na prática, você está certo,
não se pode confiar nos algoritmos.
É um misto de julgamento
e do que apresentamos,
12:28
It's a mix of judgment and what we carry,
250
736380
2126
12:30
and we're a curated service
251
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1357
e somos um serviço com curadoria,
diferente do Facebook e YouTube,
12:31
versus a platform
like Facebook and YouTube,
252
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2293
12:34
so we have an easier set of issues,
253
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3189
então temos um conjunto
de questões mais fáceis:
12:37
which is: What are these great
films and series that we acquire?
254
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4235
quais são os bons filmes
e séries que adquirimos?
12:42
But then within that,
the algorithm is a tool.
255
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2482
Mas dentro disso,
o algoritmo é uma ferramenta.
12:45
CA: But how -- John Doerr just talked
about measuring what matters.
256
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CA: Mas como... John Doerr falou
recentemente sobre medir o que importa.
12:51
As a business, what matters, I presume,
257
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2582
Como um negócio,
o que importa, eu presumo,
12:53
is fundamentally just growing subscribers.
258
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é fundamentalmente aumentar
o número de assinantes.
12:56
I mean, that's your unique advantage.
259
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4099
Quero dizer, essa é sua única vantagem.
13:00
Are subscribers grown only by
the more time they spend watching Netflix,
260
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6976
Se o número de assinantes cresceu
por assistirem ao Netflix por mais tempo,
13:07
that is what will make them re-subscribe?
261
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1960
isso vai fazê-los renovar a assinatura?
13:09
Or is it even more about having shows
262
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4729
Ou tem mais a ver com ter programas
13:14
that might not have been so much time
263
782259
1978
que não tomam tanto tempo,
como assistir a toda a temporada
de "Nailed It!" ou algo assim?
13:16
as watching the whole season
of "Nailed It!" or whatever?
264
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2688
13:18
But just get into them more;
they just think,
265
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2171
Mas aprofundando isso, para que pensem:
13:21
"That was nourishing,
that was extraordinary,
266
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2623
"Foi enriquecedor, extraordinário,
13:23
I'm so glad I watched
that with my family."
267
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2214
estou tão feliz por assistir
a isso com minha família".
13:26
Isn't there a version
of the business model
268
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2834
Não há aí uma versão do modelo de negócio
13:28
that would be less content
but more awesome content,
269
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2563
que teria menos conteúdo,
mas mais conteúdo impressionante,
13:31
possibly even more uplifting content?
270
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2730
possivelmente mais conteúdo inspirador?
13:34
RH: And people choose
that uplifting content.
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2112
RH: E as pessoas escolhem
conteúdo inspirador.
13:36
I think you're right, which is,
when people talk about Netflix,
272
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3022
Acho que você tem razão,
quando falam sobre o Netflix,
falam sobre os programas que as emocionam:
13:39
they talk about the shows that move them:
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807807
2008
"13 Reasons Why" ou "The Crown".
13:41
"13 Reasons Why" or "The Crown."
274
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2809
13:44
And that is way disproportionate
and positive impact,
275
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3484
E esse é um impacto enorme e positivo,
13:48
even for the subscriber growth
that you talked about
276
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2484
inclusive para o aumento
de assinantes que você citou,
13:50
is those couple big, memorable shows.
277
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2317
esses programas grandes, memoráveis.
13:53
But what we want to do is offer a variety.
278
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2063
Mas queremos oferecer variedade.
13:55
You don't want to watch the same thing
every night, as much as you like it;
279
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3529
Você não quer assistir à mesma coisa
todas as noites, por mais que goste;
quer experimentar coisas diferentes.
13:58
you want to try different things.
280
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1654
14:00
And what we haven't seen is this, say,
281
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2134
E não vimos exemplos
14:02
race to the bottom of your
violent pornography kind of examples.
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3580
de uma decaída
para a violência pornográfica.
14:06
Instead, we've seen great viewing
across a whole range --
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2969
Em vez disso, temos muitas visualizações
em um amplo espectro...
14:09
"Black Mirror" --
we're filming season five now.
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3846
"Black Mirror": estamos filmando
a quinta temporada.
14:13
And that was a struggling show
when it was only in the BBC.
285
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3754
E foi um programa com dificuldades
quando estava só na BBC.
14:17
And with the distribution of on-demand,
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2403
E com a distribuição por demanda,
14:19
you can make these much bigger shows.
287
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3151
é possível fazer programas maiores.
14:23
CA: You're telling me
humans can get addicted
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2143
CA: Está me dizendo que as pessoas
podem ficar viciadas em seus anjos
14:25
by their angels as well as their demons.
289
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2058
tanto quanto em seus demônios.
14:28
RH: Yeah, and again, we try
not to think about it in addiction terms,
290
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3572
RH: Sim, e de novo, tentamos
não pensar em termos de vício,
14:32
we think about it as, you know:
291
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1571
pensamos em termos de:
14:33
What are you going to do
with your time and when you want to relax?
292
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4024
o que você vai fazer com seu tempo
e quando quiser relaxar?
14:37
You can watch linear TV, you can do
video games, you can do YouTube,
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3881
Você pode assistir TV, jogar videogames,
assistir vídeos no YouTube,
14:41
or you can watch Netflix.
294
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1357
ou assistir ao Netflix.
14:43
And if we're as great as we can be,
and we have a variety of moods,
295
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4158
E se formos tão bons quanto podemos ser
e tivermos uma variedade de estilos,
14:47
then more often, people will choose us.
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2222
com mais frequência seremos escolhidos.
14:49
CA: But you have people
in the organization
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3538
CA: Mas há pessoas na organização
14:52
who are looking regularly
at the actual impacts
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5341
olhando regularmente os impactos reais
14:58
of these brilliant algorithms
that you've created.
299
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2391
desses algoritmos brilhantes
que vocês criaram.
15:00
Just for reality check, just,
300
888776
1511
Só pra validar a realidade: "Tem certeza
que é nessa direção que queremos ir?"
15:02
"Are we sure that this
is the direction we want to go?"
301
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2887
15:05
RH: You know, I think we learn.
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1557
RH: Sabe, acho que aprendemos.
15:07
And you have to be humble and sort of say,
"Look, there's no perfect tool."
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3800
E precisamos ser humildes e dizer:
"Veja, não há ferramenta perfeita".
15:11
The algorithm’s one part,
the way we commission the content,
304
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3785
O algoritmo é uma parte,
a forma como contratamos o conteúdo,
15:15
our relationships with societies.
305
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2200
nosso relacionamento com as sociedades.
15:17
So there's a lot of ways
that we have to look at it.
306
905934
2483
Então podemos olhar
para ele de várias formas.
15:20
So if you get too stuck in
"Let's just increase viewing"
307
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3524
Então, se ficarmos presos em aumentar
o número de visualizações
15:23
or "Just increase subscribers,"
308
911989
1490
ou o número de assinantes,
15:25
you're unlikely to be able to grow
and be the great company you want to be.
309
913503
4487
dificilmente vamos conseguir crescer
e nos tornarmos a empresa que queremos.
15:30
So think of it as this
multiple measures of success.
310
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2864
Então pense em múltiplas
medidas de sucesso.
15:33
CA: So, speaking of algorithms
that have raised questions:
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3111
CA: Falando em algoritmos,
surgiram algumas questões:
15:36
You were on the board of Facebook,
312
924331
1905
você estava na diretoria do Facebook,
15:38
and I think Mark Zuckerberg --
you've done some mentoring for him.
313
926260
4075
e acho que você deu alguma mentoria
para o Mark Zuckerberg...
15:42
What should we know about Mark Zuckerberg
that people don't know?
314
930950
5336
O que deveríamos saber
sobre Mark Zuckerberg que não sabemos?
15:49
RH: Well, many of you know him
or have seen him.
315
937268
2347
RH: Bem, muitos de vocês
o conhecem ou já o viram.
15:51
I mean, he's a fantastic human being.
316
939639
2414
Quero dizer, ele é
um ser humano fantástico.
15:54
Really first-class.
317
942077
1476
Realmente de primeira classe.
15:56
And social -- these platforms,
whether that's YouTube or Facebook,
318
944323
5341
E as mídias sociais, essas plataformas,
seja YouTube ou Facebook,
16:01
are clearly trying to grow up quickly.
319
949688
2929
estão claramente
tentando crescer rapidamente.
16:04
And we see that with all new technologies.
320
952641
2150
E usando todas as novas tecnologias.
16:06
I mean, yesterday we were talking
about printed DNA,
321
954815
2953
Quero dizer, ontem estávamos
falando sobre DNA impresso,
16:09
and it's like: could be fantastic
or could be horrific.
322
957792
3757
e é assim: pode ser fantástico
ou pode ser horrível.
16:14
And you know, all new technologies --
323
962315
2016
E você sabe, qualquer nova tecnologia...
16:16
when television was first popular
in the 1960s in the US,
324
964355
3127
quando a televisão se popularizou
nos EUA na década de 1960,
16:19
it was called a "vast wasteland,"
325
967506
2095
era chamada de "imenso desperdício",
16:21
and that television was going to rot
the minds of everybody.
326
969625
3262
e dizia-se que a televisão
iria deteriorar a mente de todos.
16:24
It turns out everybody's minds were fine.
327
972911
2349
Acontece que a mente de todos ficou bem.
16:27
And there were some adjustments,
328
975284
2079
Houve alguns ajustes,
16:29
but think of it as --
or, I think of it as --
329
977387
2502
mas pense nisso como...
ou eu penso nisso como:
16:31
all new technologies have pros and cons.
330
979913
2447
todas as novas tecnologias
têm prós e contras.
16:34
And in social,
we're just figuring that out.
331
982670
2452
E, nas redes sociais,
estamos recém entendendo isso.
16:37
CA: How much of a priority
is it for the board of Facebook
332
985146
2899
CA: Qual é a prioridade,
para a diretoria do Facebook,
16:40
to really address some of the issues?
333
988069
2270
de realmente encaminhar
algumas dessas questões?
16:42
Or is the belief that, actually,
334
990363
1575
Ou na verdade é a crença
16:43
the company has been completely
unfairly criticized?
335
991962
3250
de que a empresa tem sido criticada
de forma totalmente injusta?
16:47
RH: Oh, it's not completely unfairly.
336
995236
1794
RH: Ah, não é totalmente injusta.
16:49
And Mark's leading the charge
on fixing Facebook.
337
997054
3396
E o Mark está conduzindo a tarefa
de corrigir o Facebook.
16:52
And he's very passionate about that.
338
1000474
2400
Ele é muito fervoroso em relação a isso.
16:56
CA: Reed, I want to look
at another passion of yours.
339
1004839
2611
CA: Reed, quero falar
sobre outra paixão sua.
16:59
I mean, you've done incredibly well
with Netflix, you're a billionaire,
340
1007474
4658
Quero dizer, você se deu muito bem
com a Netflix, você é um bilionário,
17:04
and you spend a lot of time
and indeed, money, on education.
341
1012156
5111
e gastou muito tempo e, sem dúvida,
dinheiro, em educação.
17:09
RH: Yep.
342
1017291
1151
RH: Sim.
CA: Por que essa paixão
e o que está fazendo em relação a ela?
17:10
CA: Why is this a passion,
and what are you doing about it?
343
1018466
2841
RH: Quando saí da faculdade, eu dava aula
de matemática no ensino médio.
17:13
RH: Sure. Right out of college,
I was a high school math teacher.
344
1021331
3286
17:16
So when I later went into business
and became a philanthropist,
345
1024641
3920
Então, quando fui para os negócios
e me tornei um filantropo,
17:20
I think I gravitated towards education
346
1028585
2600
acho que fui atraído pela educação
17:23
and trying to make a difference there.
347
1031871
2206
e tentei fazer a diferença nessa área.
17:26
And the main thing I noticed is, you know,
348
1034101
2288
E a principal coisa que percebi
17:28
educators want to work
with other great educators
349
1036413
2783
foi que os educadores querem trabalhar
com outros educadores
17:31
and to create many
unique environments for kids.
350
1039220
3214
e criar diversos ambientes
únicos para as crianças.
17:34
And we need a lot more
variety in the system
351
1042458
2740
Precisamos de muito mais variedade
no sistema educacional, do que temos,
17:37
than we have,
352
1045222
1151
17:38
and a lot more
educator-centric organizations.
353
1046397
3237
e muito mais organizações
centradas nos educadores.
17:41
And so the tricky thing is,
right now in the US,
354
1049658
2570
Então o complicado, agora nos EUA,
17:44
most schools are run
by a local school board.
355
1052252
3476
é que a maioria das escolas
tem uma diretoria local.
17:48
And it has to meet all needs
in the community,
356
1056141
3023
E ela precisa atender
todas as necessidades da comunidade,
17:51
and, in fact, what we need
is a lot more variety.
357
1059188
2675
e, na verdade, o que precisamos
é de muito mais variedade.
17:53
So in the US there's a form
of public school
358
1061887
2950
Então nos EUA há
um modelo de escola pública
17:56
called charter public schools,
that are run by nonprofits.
359
1064861
2999
chamado de escola "charter",
dirigida por ONGs.
17:59
And that's the big emphasis for me,
360
1067884
1820
E isso me chama a atenção,
18:01
is if you can have schools
run by nonprofits,
361
1069728
2639
podemos ter escolas dirigidas por ONGs,
18:04
they are more mission-focused,
they support the educators well.
362
1072391
3877
mais focadas na missão,
dando suporte aos educadores.
18:08
I'm on the board of KIPP charter schools,
363
1076292
2223
Estou na diretoria da escola charter KIPP,
18:10
which is one of the larger networks.
364
1078539
1959
uma das maiores redes.
18:12
And, you know, it's 30,000 kids a year
getting very stimulating education.
365
1080522
5103
São 30 mil crianças por ano
recebendo uma educação muito estimulante.
18:17
CA: Paint me a picture of what
a school should look like.
366
1085649
3884
CA: Me dê uma ideia
de como uma escola deveria ser.
18:22
RH: It depends on the kid.
367
1090029
1242
RH: Depende da criança.
18:23
Think about it as: with multiple
kids, there's all different needs
368
1091295
3105
Pense assim: com múltiplas crianças, todo
tipo de necessidade precisa ser atendida,
18:26
that need to be met,
369
1094424
1151
18:27
so there's not any one model.
370
1095599
1388
então não há um modelo.
18:29
And you want to be able to choose,
371
1097011
1635
Você quer poder escolher, de acordo
com seu filho e com o que ele precisa.
18:30
depending on your kid
and what you think they need.
372
1098670
2397
Mas elas deveriam ser muito centradas
no educador e interessantes, estimulantes,
18:33
But they should be very educator-centric
and curious and stimulating
373
1101091
3708
18:36
and all of those things.
374
1104823
1302
todo esse tipo de coisas.
18:38
And this whole idea
of 30 kids in fifth grade,
375
1106149
2716
E essa ideia de 30 crianças no quinto ano,
18:40
all learning the same thing
at the same time,
376
1108889
2442
todas aprendendo
a mesma coisa ao mesmo tempo,
18:43
you know, is clearly
an industrial throwback.
377
1111355
2645
é claramente um retrocesso industrial.
18:46
But changing that, given
the current government structure,
378
1114489
3660
Mas mudar isso, com a atual
estrutura de governo,
18:50
is super hard.
379
1118173
1166
é superdifícil.
18:51
But what these innovative, nonprofit
schools are doing is pushing the bounds,
380
1119363
5237
Mas o que essas escolas inovadoras
e sem fins lucrativos estão fazendo
é ampliar os limites, deixar as crianças
experimentarem novas coisas.
18:56
letting kids try new things.
381
1124624
2905
18:59
And so think of it as
the governance reform,
382
1127553
3556
Então pense no fato de não terem fins
lucrativos como uma reforma de governo
19:03
that is, the nonprofit,
383
1131133
1333
19:04
to allow the educational changes.
384
1132490
2903
para possibilitar mudanças educacionais.
19:07
CA: And sometimes the criticism is put
that charter schools,
385
1135718
4677
CA: Às vezes a crítica é
que as escolas charter,
19:12
intentionally or unintentionally,
386
1140419
1589
intencionalmente ou não,
19:14
suck resources away
from the public school system.
387
1142032
2569
sugam recursos
do sistema de escolas públicas.
19:16
Should we be concerned about that?
388
1144625
2056
Devemos nos preocupar com isso?
19:18
RH: Well, they are public schools.
389
1146705
1722
RH: Bem, há escolas públicas.
19:20
I mean, there's these multiple types
of public schools.
390
1148451
2794
Quero dizer, há diversos tipos
de escolas públicas.
19:23
And if you look at charters as a whole,
391
1151760
2405
E se você olhar
para as charters como um todo,
19:26
they serve low-income kids.
392
1154189
1800
elas atendem crianças de baixa renda.
19:28
Because if high-income kids
get in trouble,
393
1156442
2175
Se uma criança de alta renda
se meter em problemas,
19:30
the parents will send them
to a private school
394
1158641
2167
os pais a colocam em uma escola particular
19:32
or they move neighborhoods.
395
1160832
1403
ou mudam de bairro.
19:34
And low-income families generally
don't have those choices.
396
1162259
2849
E as famílias de baixa renda
em geral não têm essas escolhas.
19:37
Like KIPP -- it's 80 percent
low-income kids, free and reduced lunch.
397
1165517
4600
Como a KIPP,
80% das crianças tem baixa renda,
com almoço de graça ou subsidiado.
19:42
And the college admissions
for KIPP is fantastic.
398
1170141
2733
E o número de egressos da KIPP
entrando na faculdade é fantástico.
19:45
CA: Reed, you signed
the Giving Pledge a few years ago,
399
1173530
2822
CA: Reed, há alguns anos
você assinou o "Giving Pledge",
19:48
you're committed to giving away
more than half of your fortune
400
1176376
2956
você está comprometido a doar
mais da metade da sua fortuna
durante sua vida.
19:51
during your lifetime.
401
1179356
1380
Posso, atrevidamente, perguntar
quanto você investiu em educação
19:52
Can I cheekily ask how much
you've invested in education
402
1180760
3078
19:55
in the last few years?
403
1183862
1230
nos últimos anos?
19:57
RH: It's a couple hundred million,
I don't know exactly how many hundreds,
404
1185116
3561
RH: Não tenho certeza de quanto,
algumas centenas de milhões de dólares,
mas continuamos a investir e...
20:00
but we're continuing to invest and --
405
1188701
2196
20:02
(Applause)
406
1190921
1151
(Aplausos)
Obrigado.
20:04
thank you all --
407
1192096
1150
20:05
(Applause)
408
1193270
1410
(Aplausos)
20:06
You know, honestly, for a little while
I tried to do politics full-time,
409
1194704
4826
Honestamente, por um tempo
tentei me dedicar à política,
20:11
working for John Doerr.
410
1199554
1349
trabalhando para o John Doerr.
20:13
And while I loved working for John,
I just didn't thrive on politics.
411
1201462
3960
E apesar de amar trabalhar para o John,
eu não me dou bem na política.
20:17
I love business, I love competing.
412
1205446
2369
Eu amo os negócios, amo competir.
20:19
I love going up against Disney and HBO.
413
1207839
2800
Amo enfrentar a Disney e a HBO.
20:22
(Laughter)
414
1210663
1049
(Risos)
Isso me mantém em movimento.
20:23
That's what gets me going.
415
1211736
1260
20:25
And now I do that to really
increase Netflix's value,
416
1213020
3685
E hoje faço isso para realmente
aumentar o valor da Netflix,
20:28
which allows me to write
more checks to schools.
417
1216729
2914
o que me permite assinar
mais cheques para as escolas.
20:32
And so for now, it's the perfect life.
418
1220364
2600
Então, por hora, é a vida perfeita.
20:35
CA: Reed, you're a remarkable person,
you've changed all of our lives
419
1223651
3293
CA: Reed, você é uma pessoa notável,
você transformou nossa vida
20:38
and the lives of many kids.
420
1226968
1548
e a vida de muitas crianças.
20:40
Thank you so much for coming to TED.
421
1228540
2404
Muito obrigado por vir ao TED.
20:42
(Applause)
422
1230968
4856
(Aplausos)
Translated by Cláudia Sander
Reviewed by Custodio Marcelino

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Reed Hastings - Entrepreneur, philanthropist
As co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment.

Why you should listen

Reed Hastings co-founded Netflix in 1997. Today the company develops, licenses and delivers entertainment across a wide variety of genres and languages to hundreds of millions of people in 190 countries. In 1991, he founded Pure Software, which made tools for software developers. After a 1995 IPO and several acquisitions, Pure was acquired by Rational Software in 1997.

Hastings is an active educational philanthropist and served on the California State Board of Education from 2000 to 2004. He is on the board of several educational organizations including DreamBox Learning, KIPP and Pahara. He's also a board member of Facebook and was on the board of Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. He received a BA from Bowdoin College in 1983 and an MSCS in artificial intelligence from Stanford University in 1988. Between Bowdoin and Stanford, he served in the Peace Corps as a high school math teacher in Swaziland. 

More profile about the speaker
Reed Hastings | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

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