TED2001
Eva Zeisel: The playful search for beauty
Eva Zeisel o zaigranoj potrazi za ljepotom
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Dizajnerica keramike Eva Zeisel daje uvid u svoju 75-godišnju karijeru. Što je to što održava njezin rad aktualnim danas(posljednju liniju radova je izdala 2008.) kao što je bio 1926? Odgovor je njezin smisao za zaigranost i ljepotu te poriv za avanturom. Poslušajte priče iz njezinog bogatog i šarolikog života.
Eva Zeisel - Designer
The legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world. Full bio
The legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I understand that this meeting was planned,
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Ja sam shvatila da je ovaj sastanak bio planiran,
00:16
and the slogan was From Was to Still.
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te mu je slogan Nekad i Još Uvijek.
00:20
And I am illustrating Still.
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Ja predstavljam Još Uvijek.
00:25
Which, of course, I am not agreeing with because,
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S čime se ja naravno ne slažem jer,
00:29
although I am 94, I am not still working.
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iako imam 94 godine, ja ne radim Još Uvijek.
00:33
And anybody who asks me, "Are you still doing this or that?"
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Svatko tko me upita da li još uvijek radim ovo ili ono
00:39
I don't answer because I'm not doing things still, I'm doing it like I always did.
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ja ne odgovaram jer ne radim stvari Još Uvijek, radim ih onako kako sam ih uvijek radila.
00:46
I still have -- or did I use the word still? I didn't mean that.
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Još Uvijek imam - da li sam upotrijebila riječi Još Uvijek? Nisam tako mislila.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:56
I have my file which is called To Do. I have my plans.
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Imam dosje koji sam nazvala Za Napraviti. Imam svoje planove.
01:06
I have my clients. I am doing my work like I always did.
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Imam svoje klijente. Radim onako kako sam uvijek radila.
01:13
So this takes care of my age.
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Tako ne moram brinuti o godinama.
01:18
I want to show you my work so you know what I am doing and why I am here.
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Želim vam pokazati svoj rad kako bi znali što ja radim i zašto sam ovdje.
01:25
This was about 1925.
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Ovo je iz negdje 1925.
01:30
All of these things were made during the last 75 years.
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Svi ovi predmeti su izrađeni u posljednjih 75 godina.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:41
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:47
But, of course, I'm working since 25,
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No naravno, ja radim od 1925.,
01:50
doing more or less what you see here. This is Castleton China.
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manje više ovo što vidite ovdje. Ovo je Castleton porculan.
01:55
This was an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.
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Ovo je bila izložba u Muzeju Moderne Umjetnosti.
02:01
This is now for sale at the Metropolitan Museum.
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Ovo je trenutno na prodaji u Metropolitan Muzeju.
02:05
This is still at the Metropolitan Museum now for sale.
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Ovo je još uvijek na prodaji u Metropolitan Muzeju.
02:11
This is a portrait of my daughter and myself.
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Ovo je prikaz moje kćerke i mene.
02:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
02:26
These were just some of the things I've made.
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To su bile neke od stvari koje sam napravila.
02:30
I made hundreds of them for the last 75 years.
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Napravila sam ih stotine u posljednjih 75 godina.
02:35
I call myself a maker of things.
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Nazivam se tvorcem stvari.
02:39
I don't call myself an industrial designer because I'm other things.
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Ne nazivam se industrijskom dizajnericom jer sam ja nešto drugo.
02:47
Industrial designers want to make novel things.
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Industrijski dizajneri žele raditi novitete.
02:52
Novelty is a concept of commerce, not an aesthetic concept.
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Novitet je koncept trgovine, nije estetski koncept.
03:01
The industrial design magazine, I believe, is called "Innovation."
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Jedan časopis o industrijskom dizajnu se ja mislim zove "Inovacija".
03:09
Innovation is not part of the aim of my work.
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Inovacija nije ono što želim postići svojim radom.
03:19
Well, makers of things: they make things more beautiful, more elegant,
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S druge strane, tvorci stvari rade stvari ljepšima, elegantnijima,
03:27
more comfortable than just the craftsmen do.
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ugodnijima nego to čine obrtnici.
03:32
I have so much to say. I have to think what I am going to say.
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Imam toliko toga za reći. Moram razmisliti što želim reći.
03:37
Well, to describe our profession otherwise,
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Dakle, kad bi drukčije opisivali našu profesiju,
03:41
we are actually concerned with the playful search for beauty.
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nas zanima zaigrana potraga za ljepotom.
03:48
That means the playful search for beauty was called the first activity of Man.
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To znači da je zaigrana potraga za ljepotom bila prva aktivnost Čovjeka.
03:57
Sarah Smith, who was a mathematics professor at MIT, wrote,
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Sarah Smith, koja je bila profesor matematike na MIT-u, je napisala:
04:03
"The playful search for beauty was Man's first activity --
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"Zaigrana potraga za ljepotom je bila prva Čovjekova aktivnost -
04:10
that all useful qualities and all material qualities
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sve korisne kvalitete i sve materijalne kvalitete
04:16
were developed from the playful search for beauty."
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su se razvile iz zaigrane potrage za ljepotom."
04:22
These are tiles. The word, "playful" is a necessary aspect of our work
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Ovo su pločice. Riječ "zaigrano" je neophodan aspekt našeg rada
04:29
because, actually, one of our problems is that we have to make,
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jer je zapravo jedan od naših problema činjenica da moramo
04:38
produce, lovely things throughout all of life, and this for me is now 75 years.
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stvarati dražesne stvari cijeli naš život, a to je u mom slučaju 75 godina.
04:51
So how can you, without drying up,
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Stoga kako je moguće, bez gubitka inspiracije,
04:54
make things with the same pleasure, as a gift to others, for so long?
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stvarati stvari s istim zadovoljstvom kao poklon drugima tako dugo?
05:03
The playful is therefore an important part of our quality as designer.
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Zaigranost je stoga važna dimenzija našeg identiteta kao dizajnera.
05:16
Let me tell you some about my life.
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Dopustite da vam ispričam nešto o svom životu.
05:21
As I said, I started to do these things 75 years ago.
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Kao što sam već rekla, počela sam stvarati prije 75 godina.
05:29
My first exhibition in the United States
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Moje prvo izlaganje u SAD-u
05:34
was at the Sesquicentennial exhibition in 1926 --
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je bilo na Sesquicentennial izložbi održanoj 1926. -
05:39
that the Hungarian government sent one of my hand-drawn pieces as part of the exhibit.
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na koju je mađarska vlada poslala jedan moj nacrtani uradak kao dio izložbe.
05:57
My work actually took me through many countries,
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Moj rad me odveo u mnoge zemlje
06:05
and showed me a great part of the world.
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i pokazao mi dobar dio svijeta.
06:08
This is not that they took me -- the work didn't take me --
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Zapravo me nije odveo - nije me rad odveo -
06:12
I made the things particularly because I wanted to use them to see the world.
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ja sam radila stvari jer sam ih htjela iskoristiti kako bih vidjela svijet.
06:20
I was incredibly curious to see the world, and I made all these things,
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Bila sam nevjerojatno radoznala vidjeti svijet, zato sam radila sve te stvari,
06:28
which then finally did take me to see many countries and many cultures.
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koje su me naposljetku zaista i odvele u mnoge zemlje i mnoge kulture.
06:35
I started as an apprentice to a Hungarian craftsman,
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Počela sam kao šegrt kod mađarskog obrtnika,
06:46
and this taught me what the guild system was in Middle Ages.
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i to mi je dalo uvid u to kakav je bio cehovski sistem u srednjem vijeku.
06:54
The guild system: that means when I was an apprentice,
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Cehovski sistem: znači kada sam bila šegrt,
06:59
I had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master.
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morala sam se izučiti da bih postala keramički majstor.
07:08
In my shop where I studied, or learned, there was a traditional hierarchy
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U dućanu gdje sam se obučavala, ili učila, bila je tradicionalna hijerarhija
07:21
of master, journeyman and learned worker, and apprentice,
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majstora, putujućeg trgovca i naučenog radnika i šegrta,
07:28
and I worked as the apprentice.
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i ja sam radila kao šegrt.
07:33
The work as an apprentice was very primitive.
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Rad šegrta je bio vrlo primitivan.
07:40
That means I had to actually learn every aspect of making pottery by hand.
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To znači da sam morala naučiti svaki aspekt izrade keramike ručno.
07:49
We mashed the clay with our feet when it came from the hillside.
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Glinu koju su donijeli s brda smo gnječili stopalima.
08:02
After that, it had to be kneaded. It had to then go in, kind of, a mangle.
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Nakon toga se morala mijesiti. Nakon toga se na neki način zamrsila.
08:07
And then finally it was prepared for the throwing.
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I konačno je onda bila spremna za bacanje.
08:15
And there I really worked as an apprentice.
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Tamo sam zaista radila kao šegrt.
08:19
My master took me to set ovens
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Majstor me vodio da podešavam pećnice
08:24
because this was part of oven-making, oven-setting, in the time.
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jer je podešavanje pećnica bio dio pečenja.
08:32
And finally, I had received a document
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Naposljetku sam dobila dokument
08:37
that I had accomplished my apprenticeship successfully,
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da sam uspješno završila svoje šegrstvo,
08:43
that I had behaved morally, and this document was given to me
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da sam se ponašala primjereno i dokument su mi dali
08:50
by the Guild of Roof-Coverers, Rail-Diggers, Oven-Setters,
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Ceh Krovopokrivača, Kopača trasa, Regulatora peći,
08:57
Chimney Sweeps and Potters.
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Dimnjačara i Keramičara.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:04
I also got at the time a workbook which explained my rights
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Tada sam također dobila i radnu knjižicu u kojoj su objašnjena moja prava
09:10
and my working conditions, and I still have that workbook.
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i radni uvjeti. Još uvijek imam tu knjižicu.
09:16
First I set up a shop in my own garden,
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Prvo sam postavila dućan u svome vrtu,
09:21
and made pottery which I sold on the marketplace in Budapest.
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te izrađivala keramiku koju sam prodavala na tržnici u Budimpešti.
09:27
And there I was sitting, and my then-boyfriend --
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Tako sam tamo sjedila sa svojim ondašnjim dečkom-
09:34
I didn't mean it was a boyfriend like it is meant today --
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nije mi bio dečko po današnjoj definiciji,
09:38
but my boyfriend and I sat at the market and sold the pots.
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no moj dečko i ja smo sjedili na tržnici i prodavali posude.
09:43
My mother thought that this was not very proper,
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Moja majka je mislila da to nije primjereno
09:46
so she sat with us to add propriety to this activity.
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stoga je sjedila s nama kako bi pridonijela primjerenosti te aktivnosti.
09:55
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:58
However, after a while there was a new factory being built in Budapest,
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No, nakon nekog vremena se izgradila nova tvornica u Budimpešti,
10:04
a pottery factory, a large one.
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ogromna tvornica keramike.
10:07
And I visited it with several ladies, and asked all sorts of questions of the director.
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Posjetila sam ju s nekoliko dama i pitala svakakva pitanja direktora.
10:14
Then the director asked me, why do you ask all these questions?
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Onda je on mene pitao zašto ga pitam toliko pitanja?
10:18
I said, I also have a pottery.
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Rekla sam da i ja izrađujem keramiku.
10:22
So he asked me, could he please visit me, and then finally he did,
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Zatim me upitao da li me može posjetiti, što je naposljetku i učinio
10:27
and explained to me that what I did now in my shop was an anachronism,
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i objasnio mi da je ono što sam ja radila u svom dućanu bilo zastarjelo,
10:33
that the industrial revolution had broken out,
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da je započela industrijska revolucija,
10:36
and that I rather should join the factory.
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te da bi bilo bolje da se zaposlim u tvornici.
10:39
There he made an art department for me where I worked for several months.
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U tvornici je osnovao umjetnički odjel gdje sam radila nekoliko mjeseci.
10:45
However, everybody in the factory spent his time at the art department.
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Svi u tvornici su proveli neko vrijeme u umjetničkom odjelu.
10:53
The director there said there were several women casting
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Direktor mi je zatim rekao da nekoliko žena proizvodi i
11:02
and producing my designs now in molds, and this was sold also to America.
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reproducira odljeve mojih radova te ih prodaju u Americi.
11:10
I remember that it was quite successful.
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Sjećam se da je to bilo prilično uspješno.
11:14
However, the director, the chemist, model maker -- everybody --
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No, direktor, kemičar, izrađivač modela - općenito svi -
11:21
concerned himself much more with the art department --
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su se brinuli više za umjetnički odjel -
11:25
that means, with my work -- than making toilets,
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što znači s mojim radom - nego s izradom wc-a,
11:29
so finally they got a letter from the center, from the bank who owned the factory,
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i tako su naposljetku dobili pismo od vrha, odnosno banke koja je bila vlasnik tvornice,
11:37
saying, make toilet-setting behind the art department, and that was my end.
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koja im je poručila da stave proizvodnju wc-a ispred umjetničkog odjela i to je bio moj kraj.
11:43
So this gave me the possibility because now I was a journeyman,
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To mi je dalo nove mogućnosti jer sam postala putujući trgovac,
11:47
and journeymen also take their satchel and go to see the world.
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a putujući trgovci uzimaju svoje torbe i idu vidjeti svijet.
11:53
So as a journeyman, I put an ad into the paper that I had studied,
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Stoga sam, kao putujući trgovac, stavila oglas u novine da sam studirala,
11:59
that I was a down-to-earth potter's journeyman
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da sam radišni putujući trgovac keramike
12:03
and I was looking for a job as a journeyman.
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i da tražim posao kao putujući trgovac.
12:06
And I got several answers, and I accepted the one
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Dobila sam nekolicinu odgovora, prihvatila sam jedan
12:11
which was farthest from home and practically, I thought, halfway to America.
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koji je bio najdalji od kuće i praktično, kako sam mislila, na pola puta do Amerike.
12:17
And that was in Hamburg.
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To je bilo u Hamburgu.
12:20
Then I first took this job in Hamburg, at an art pottery
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Prihvatila sam taj posao u Hamburgu, u radionici umjetničke keramike
12:28
where everything was done on the wheel,
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gdje se sve radilo na kotaču,
12:31
and so I worked in a shop where there were several potters.
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tako da sam radila u dućanu gdje je bilo nekoliko keramičara.
12:38
And the first day, I was coming to take my place at the turntable --
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Prvi dan, kada je došao moj red na kolu-
12:48
there were three or four turntables -- and one of them, behind where I was sitting,
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bilo je tri, četiri kola-i za jednim od njih, gdje sam sjedila,
12:57
was a hunchback, a deaf-mute hunchback, who smelled very bad.
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je bio grbavac, gluho-nijemi grbavac koji je užasno zaudarao.
13:04
So I doused him in cologne every day, which he thought was very nice,
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Zato sam ga ja zalijevala s mirisom svaki dan, što se njemu jako sviđalo,
13:11
and therefore he brought bread and butter every day,
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pa je donosio kruh i maslac svaki dan,
13:16
which I had to eat out of courtesy.
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koje sam morala jesti iz pristojnosti.
13:19
The first day I came to work in this shop
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Prvi dan kada sam došla na posao
13:23
there was on my wheel a surprise for me.
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na mom kolu se nalazilo iznenađenje.
13:30
My colleagues had thoughtfully put on the wheel where I was supposed to work
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Kolege su mi na kolu gdje sam trebala raditi ostavili
13:42
a very nicely modeled natural man's organs.
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vrlo prikladno izrađen muški organ.
13:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:54
After I brushed them off with a hand motion, they were very --
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Samo sam im odmahnula rukom -
13:59
I finally was now accepted, and worked there for some six months.
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napokon su me prihvatili, radila sam tamo otprilike 6 mjeseci.
14:06
This was my first job.
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To je bio moj prvi posao.
14:11
If I go on like this, you will be here till midnight.
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Ako ovako nastavim, biti ćete tu do ponoći.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:21
So I will try speed it up a little
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Pokušat ću malo ubrzati
14:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:26
Moderator: Eva, we have about five minutes.
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Moderator: Eva, imamo još otprilike 5 minuta.
14:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:33
Eva Zeisel: Are you sure?
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Eva Zeisel: Jeste li sigurni?
14:36
Moderator: Yes, I am sure.
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Moderator: Da, siguran sam.
14:39
EZ: Well, if you are sure,
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EZ: Pa, ako ste sigurni,
14:41
I have to tell you that within five minutes I will talk very fast.
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moram vam sve ispričati u 5 minuta pa ću požuriti.
14:46
And actually, my work took me to many countries
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Posao me zaista odveo u mnoge zemlje,
14:54
because I used my work to fill my curiosity.
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jer sam koristila svoj rad kako bi zadovoljila svoju znatiželju.
14:59
And among other things, other countries I worked, was in the Soviet Union,
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Među zemljama u kojima sam radila se nalazi i Sovjetski Savez,
15:06
where I worked from '32 to '37 -- actually, to '36.
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gdje sam radila od 1932. do 1937.- zapravo do 1936.
15:14
I was finally there, although I had nothing to do -- I was a foreign expert.
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Bila sam tamo, mada nisam imala ništa za raditi - bila sam strani stručnjak.
15:20
I became art director of the china and glass industry,
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Postala sam umjetnički direktor keramičke i staklene industrije,
15:23
and eventually under Stalin's purges -- at the beginning of Stalin's purges,
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i za vrijeme Staljinovih čistki - na početku Staljinovih čistki,
15:34
I didn't know that hundreds of thousands of innocent people were arrested.
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nisam znala da su stotine tisuća nevinih ljudi bili uhićeni.
15:40
So I was arrested quite early in Stalin's purges,
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Tako da sam i ja bila uhićena skoro na početku Staljinovih čistki
15:45
and spent 16 months in a Russian prison.
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i provela sam 16 mjeseci u ruskom zatvoru.
15:53
The accusation was that I had successfully prepared an Attentat on Stalin's life.
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U optužnici mi je stajalo da sam uspješno pripremila atentat na Staljina.
16:01
This was a very dangerous accusation.
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To je bila vrlo opasna optužba.
16:07
And if this is the end of my five minutes, I want to tell you that
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Ako je sada kraj mojih 5 minuta, želim vam reći da
16:14
I actually did survive, which was a surprise.
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sam preživjela, što je bilo iznenađenje.
16:21
But since I survived and I'm here,
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No pošto sam preživjela i ovdje sam,
16:24
and since this is the end of the five minutes, I will --
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te pošto je ovo kraj mojih 5 minuta, ja ću -
16:28
Moderator: Tell me when your last trip to Russia was.
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Moderator: Recite mi kada ste zadnji put bili u Rusiji.
16:30
Weren't you there recently?
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Niste li bili tamo nedavno?
16:32
EZ: Oh, this summer, in fact,
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EZ: O, pa zapravo, ovog ljeta,
16:35
the Lomonosov factory was bought by an American company, invited me.
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pozvali su me iz Lomonosov tvornice koju je kupila američka kompanija.
16:47
They found out that I had worked in '33 at this factory,
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Otkrili su da sam tamo radila 1933.,
16:51
and they came to my studio in Rockland County,
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došli su u moj studio u okrugu Rockland,
16:58
and brought the 15 of their artists to visit me here.
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i doveli 15 svojih umjetnika da me posjete.
17:04
And they invited myself to come to the Russian factory last summer,
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Pozvali su me da dođem u rusku tvornicu prošlo ljeto,
17:10
in July, to make some dishes, design some dishes.
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u srpnju, da napravim, odnosno dizajniram neko posuđe.
17:15
And since I don't like to travel alone, they also invited my daughter,
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A pošto ja ne volim putovati sama, pozvali su i moju kćerku,
17:23
son-in-law and granddaughter,
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zeta i unuku,
17:25
so we had a lovely trip to see Russia today,
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tako da smo imali predivan izlet u Rusiju kakva je danas,
17:30
which is not a very pleasant and happy view.
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što nije jako prijatan i sretan prizor.
17:35
Here I am now, if this is the end? Thank you.
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Eto, da li je sad kraj? Hvala vam.
17:40
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eva Zeisel - DesignerThe legendary Eva Zeisel worked as a ceramics designer -- whose curvy, sensual pieces bring delight and elegance to tabletops around the world.
Why you should listen
Young Eva Zeisel was driven by two desires: to make beautiful things, and to see the world. Her long and legendary career in ceramics helped her do both. Born in Budapest in 1906, she apprenticed to a guild of potters as a teenager, then worked in Germany and later Russia (where she was imprisoned by Stalin for 16 months) and Vienna. Landing in New York in 1938 with her husband Hans, Zeisel began her second design career.
In the American postwar period, Zeisel's work simply defined the era. Organic shapes, toned colors, a sense of fun and play -- her Town and Country line for Red Wing in particular evokes an urbane early-1950s kitchen where you'd be likely to get an excellent cup of coffee and some good conversation.
Zeisel took a break from design in the 1960s and 1970s, returning to the scene in the 1980s as interest in her older work revived. But as she collected lifetime achievement awards and saw centenary exhibitions open and close, she didn't simply rehash her older work for the repro crowd -- instead branching out into glassware and furniture. Zeisel died in late 2011 at the age of 105.
Eva Zeisel | Speaker | TED.com