TED2007
Katherine Fulton: You are the future of philanthropy
Katherine Fulton: Vi ste budućnost filantropije
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U ovom ohrabrujućem govoru, Katherine Fulton skicira budućnost filantropije -- u kojoj suradnja i inovacije omogućuju običnim ljudima da učine velike stvari, čak i kad je novac oskudan. S pet praktičnih primjera masovne filantropije, ona zaziva novi naraštaj građana-lidera.
Katherine Fulton - New philanthropist
President of Monitor Institute, Katherine Fulton is also a strategist, author, teacher and speaker working for social change. Full bio
President of Monitor Institute, Katherine Fulton is also a strategist, author, teacher and speaker working for social change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
I want to help you re-perceive what philanthropy is,
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Želim vam pomoći da ponovno razmislite o tome što je filantropija,
00:22
what it could be,
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što bi mogla biti,
00:24
and what your relationship to it is.
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i kakav je vaš odnos prema njoj.
00:26
And in doing that, I want to offer you a vision,
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I u tome vam želim ponuditi viziju,
00:29
an imagined future, if you will,
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zamišljenu budućnost, ako hoćete,
00:32
of how, as the poet Seamus Heaney has put it,
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o tome kako, riječima pjesnika Seamusa Heaneya,
00:36
"Once in a lifetime
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"Jednom u životu
00:38
the longed-for tidal wave of justice can rise up,
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željeni se plimni val pravde može dići,
00:42
and hope and history rhyme."
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a nada se s poviješću rimovati".
00:46
I want to start with these word pairs here.
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Počet ću s ovim parovima riječi.
00:50
We all know which side of these we'd like to be on.
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Svi znamo na kojoj strani od ovoga želimo biti.
00:54
When philanthropy was reinvented a century ago,
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Kad je filantropija ponovno otkrivena prije jednog stoljeća,
00:57
when the foundation form was actually invented,
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kad je temeljni oblik izumljen,
01:00
they didn't think of themselves on the wrong side of these either.
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ni oni nisu smatrali da se nalaze na pogrešnoj strani.
01:04
In fact they would never have thought of themselves
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Zapravo, oni nikad ne bi o sebi pomislili
01:06
as closed and set in their ways,
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da su zatvoreni i nepromjenjivi,
01:09
as slow to respond to new challenges,
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da sporo reagiraju na nove izazove,
01:11
as small and risk-averse.
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da su mali i neskloni riziku.
01:13
And in fact they weren't. They were reinventing charity in those times,
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A i nisu bili. Oni su tada ponovno otkrivali dobročinstvo.
01:16
what Rockefeller called "the business of benevolence."
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Ono što je Rockefeller zvao "Biznis dobročinstva".
01:19
But by the end of the 20th century,
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No, do kraja 20. stoljeća,
01:21
a new generation of critics and reformers
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novi je naraštaj kritičara i reformatora
01:24
had come to see philanthropy just this way.
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počeo filantropiju gledati baš na onaj način.
01:28
The thing to watch for
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Ono na što treba paziti
01:30
as a global philanthropy industry comes about --
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dok se pojavljuje globalna industrija filantropije,
01:32
and that's exactly what is happening --
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a to se baš i događa,
01:35
is how the aspiration is to flip
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je ambicija da se te stare
01:37
these old assumptions,
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pretpostavke preokrenu.
01:39
for philanthropy to become open and big
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Kako bi filantropija postala otvorena i velika
01:41
and fast and connected, in service of the long term.
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i brza i povezana, na dugi rok.
01:44
This entrepreneurial energy
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Ta poduzetnička energija
01:46
is emerging from many quarters.
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se pojavljuje s mnogih strana.
01:48
And it's driven and propelled forward by new leaders, like many of the people here,
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Potiču ju i guraju naprijed novi lideri, poput mnogih ovdje,
01:51
by new tools, like the ones we've seen here,
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novi alati, poput mnogih koje smo ovdje vidjeli,
01:54
and by new pressures.
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novi pritisci.
01:56
I've been following this change for quite a while now, and participating in it.
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Pratim tu promjenu i sudjelujem u njoj već duže vremena.
01:59
This report is our main public report.
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Ovo izvješće je naše glavno izvješće za javnost.
02:01
What it tells is the story of how today
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Ono što nam govori je da bi današnjica
02:03
actually could be as historic
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mogla biti jednako povijesna
02:05
as 100 years ago.
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kao i vrijeme prije 100 godina.
02:07
What I want to do is share some of the coolest things
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Želim s vama podijeliti neke od najzanimljivijih
02:10
that are going on with you.
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stvari koje se događaju.
02:12
And as I do that, I'm not going to dwell much
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Dok to činim, neću se puno zadržavati
02:15
on the very large philanthropy that everybody already knows about --
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na velikoj filantropiji o kojoj svi već znaju,
02:19
the Gates or the Soros or the Google.
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o Gatesu, Sorosu i Googleu.
02:22
Instead, what I want to do
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Umjesto toga, želim govoriti
02:25
is talk about the philanthropy of all of us:
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o filantropiji svakoga od nas.
02:29
the democratization of philanthropy.
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O demokratizaciji filantropije.
02:31
This is a moment in history when the average person
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Ovo je trenutak u povijesti kad prosječan čovjek
02:33
has more power than at any time.
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ima više moći nego ikad ranije.
02:36
What I'm going to do is look at five categories of experiments,
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Promotrit ću pet kategorija eksperimenata,
02:39
each of which challenges an old assumption of philanthropy.
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od kojih svaki propituje stare filantropske pretpostavke.
02:44
The first is mass collaboration, represented here by Wikipedia.
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Prvi je masovna suradnja koju ovdje predstavlja Wikipedia.
02:48
Now, this may surprise you.
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Ovo će vas možda iznenaditi.
02:50
But remember, philanthropy is about giving of time and talent, not just money.
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Ali zapamtite, filantropija je davanje vremena i nadarenosti, ne samo novca.
02:55
Clay Shirky, that great chronicler of everything networked,
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Clay Shirky, veliki kroničar svega umreženog,
02:59
has captured the assumption that this challenges
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je opisao pretpostavku koju to propituje
03:01
in such a beautiful way.
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na tako lijep način.
03:03
He said, "We have lived in this world
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Rekao je, "Živjeli smo u ovom svijetu
03:05
where little things are done for love
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gdje se male stvari čine iz ljubavi,
03:07
and big things for money.
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a velike za novac.
03:09
Now we have Wikipedia.
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Sada imamo Wikipediju.
03:11
Suddenly big things can be done for love."
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Iznenada se i velike stvari mogu činiti iz ljubavi".
03:15
Watch, this spring, for Paul Hawken's new book --
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Obratite pažnju, ovog proljeća, na novu knjigu Paula Hawkena.
03:18
Author and entrepreneur many of you may know about.
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Autora i poduzetnika za kojega mnogi od vas možda znaju.
03:20
The book is called "Blessed Unrest."
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Naslov knjige je „Blaženi nemir“.
03:22
And when it comes out, a series of wiki sites
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Kad knjiga iziđe, niz wiki stranica
03:24
under the label WISER, are going to launch at the same time.
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pod nazivom WISER, pokrenut će se istodobno.
03:27
WISER stands for World Index
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WISER je skraćenica za Svjetski indeks
03:29
for Social and Environmental Responsibility.
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odgovornosti za društvo i okoliš.
03:32
WISER sets out to document, link and empower
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WISER ima zadaću dokumentirati, povezati i osnažiti
03:34
what Paul calls the largest movement,
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ono što Paul zove najveći pokret
03:37
and fastest-growing movement in human history:
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i najbrže rastući pokret u povijesti čovječanstva.
03:39
humanity's collective immune response
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Kolektivna imuna reakcija čovječanstva
03:42
to today's threats.
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na prijetnje današnjice.
03:44
Now, all of these big things for love -- experiments --
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Svi ti eksperimenti
03:48
aren't going to take off.
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neće uspjeti.
03:50
But the ones that do
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Ali oni koji uspiju
03:52
are going to be the biggest, the most open,
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bit će najveći, najotvoreniji,
03:54
the fastest, the most connected form of philanthropy in human history.
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najbrži i najpovezaniji oblik filantropije u ljudskoj povijesti.
03:58
Second category is online philanthropy marketplaces.
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Druga kategorija je filantropsko trgovanje na Internetu.
04:01
This is, of course, to philanthropy
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Naravno, ovo je za filantropiju
04:03
what eBay and Amazon are to commerce.
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ono što su eBay i Amazon za trgovinu.
04:07
Think of it as peer-to-peer philanthropy.
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Gledajte na to kao na filantropiju razmjene.
04:10
And this challenges yet another assumption,
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A to propituje i drugu pretpostavku,
04:13
which is that organized philanthropy is only for the very wealthy.
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da je organizirana filantropija samo za vrlo bogate.
04:17
Take a look, if you haven't, at DonorsChoose.
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Pogledajte, ako niste, na DonorsChoose (Donatori biraju).
04:20
Omidyar Network has made a big investment in DonorsChoose.
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Omidyar Network je puno investirala u DonorsChoose.
04:23
It's one of the best known of these new marketplaces
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Ona je jedna od najpoznatijih novih „tržnica“
04:25
where a donor can go straight into a classroom
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gdje donator može otići ravno u učionicu
04:27
and connect with what a teacher says they need.
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i povezati se s onim što učitelj kaže da trebaju.
04:30
Take a look at Changing the Present,
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Pogledajte i Changing the Present (Mijenjajmo sadašnjost),
04:32
started by a TEDster, next time you need a wedding present or a holiday present.
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koji je pokrenuo sudionik TED-a, kad vam idući puta bude trebao svadbeni ili kakav drugi poklon.
04:35
GiveIndia is for a whole country.
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GiveIndia je za cijelu zemlju.
04:37
And it goes on and on.
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I tako dalje, i tako dalje.
04:39
The third category is represented by Warren Buffet,
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Treću kategoriju predstavlja Warren Buffet.
04:42
which I call aggregated giving.
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Ono što nazivam kumulativno davanje.
04:44
It's not just that Warren Buffet was so amazingly generous
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Ne samo da je Warren Buffet bio tako zapanjujuće darežljiv
04:47
in that historic act last summer.
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u onom povijesnom činu prošloga ljeta.
04:49
It's that he challenged another assumption,
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On je i izazvao sljedeću pretpostavku,
04:51
that every giver should have his or her own
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da svaki darovatelj mora imati svoj vlastiti
04:53
fund or foundation.
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fond ili fondaciju.
04:55
There are now, today, so many new funds
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Danas ima toliko mnogo novih fondova
04:59
that are aggregating giving and investing,
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koji akumuliraju davanje i ulaganje,
05:01
bringing together people
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i povezuju ljude
05:04
around a common goal, to think bigger.
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u zajedničkom cilju, razmišljanju o većim stvarima.
05:06
One of the best known is Acumen Fund, led by Jacqueline Novogratz,
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Jedan od najpoznatijih je Acumen Fund, koji vodi Jacqueline Novogratz,
05:10
a TEDster who got a big boost here at TED.
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članica TED-a koja je dobila veliko ohrabrenje na TED-u.
05:12
But there are many others: New Profit in Cambridge,
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Ali tu su i mnogi drugi. New Profit u Cambridgeu,
05:15
New School's Venture Fund in Silicon Valley,
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New School's Venture Fund u Silikonskoj dolini,
05:18
Venture Philanthropy Partners in Washington,
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Venture Philanthropy Partners u Washingtonu,
05:21
Global Fund for Women in San Francisco.
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Global Fund for Women u San Franciscu.
05:23
Take a look at these.
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Pogledajte ih.
05:25
These funds are to philanthropy
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Ti fondovi su za filantropiju
05:28
what venture capital, private equity, and eventually mutual funds
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ono što su ulagački kapital i investicijski fondovi
05:33
are to investing,
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za investicije.
05:35
but with a twist --
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Ali s dodatkom,
05:37
because often a community forms around these funds,
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jer se oko tih fondova često okuplja zajednica,
05:42
as it has at Acumen and other places.
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kao što se dogodilo kod Acumena i drugih.
05:45
Now, imagine for a second
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Zamislite na sekundu
05:48
these first three types of experiments:
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ova prva tri tipa eksperimenata,
05:51
mass collaboration, online marketplaces, aggregated giving.
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masovnu suradnju, Internet tržište i kumulativno davanje.
05:54
And understand how they help us re-perceive
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I shvatite kako nam oni pomažu da ponovno osmislimo
05:57
what organized philanthropy is.
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pojam organizirane filantropije.
05:59
It's not about foundations necessarily; it's about the rest of us.
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Nije nužno riječ o temeljima; riječ je o nama ostalima.
06:02
And imagine the mash-up, if you will, of these things, in the future,
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I zamislite splet tih stvari u budućnosti,
06:07
when these things come together in the experiments of the future --
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kada se sve to poveže u budućim eksperimentima --
06:09
imagine that somebody puts up, say,
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zamislite da netko uloži, recimo,
06:12
100 million dollars
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100 milijuna dolara
06:14
for an inspiring goal --
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za neku nadahnutu svrhu --
06:16
there were 21 gifts of 100 million dollars or more in the US last year,
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bilo je 21 darovanje od 100 milijuna ili više u SAD lani,
06:19
not out of the question --
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znači nije nemoguće --
06:22
but only puts it up if it's matched
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ali taj ulaže samo ako mu se pridruže
06:25
by millions of small gifts from around the globe,
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milijuni sitnih darova iz cijelog svijeta.
06:28
thereby engaging lots of people,
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Na taj način bi uključio mnogo ljudi,
06:30
and building visibility and engaging people
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povećao vidljivost i angažirao ljude
06:32
in the goal that's stated.
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za proklamirani cilj.
06:35
I'm going to look quickly at the fourth and fifth categories,
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Razmotrit ću brzo četvrtu i petu kategoriju eksperimenta,
06:37
which are innovation, competitions and social investing.
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inovacije, nadmetanje i društveno investiranje.
06:41
They're betting a visible competition, a prize,
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Ti eksperimenti se klade na to da vidljivo nadmetanje, nagrada,
06:45
can attract talent and money to some of the most difficult issues,
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mogu privući novac i talente u rješavanje najtežih problema
06:48
and thereby speed the solution.
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i na taj način ubrzati pronalazak rješenja.
06:51
This tackles yet another assumption,
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Ovo propituje novu pretpostavku,
06:54
that the giver and the organization is at the center,
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da su darovatelj i organizacija u središtu,
06:56
as opposed to putting the problem at the center.
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umjesto da se problem postavi u središte.
06:59
You can look to these innovators
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Od tih inovatora možemo očekivati
07:01
to help us especially with things that require
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pomoć naročito sa stvarima koje zahtijevaju
07:04
technological or scientific solution.
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tehnološka ili znanstvena rješenja.
07:08
That leaves the final category, social investing,
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Na kraju imamo posljednju kategoriju, društveno investiranje,
07:12
which is really, anyway, the biggest of them all,
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koje je, zapravo, najveće od svih.
07:14
represented here by Xigi.net.
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Ovdje ga predstavlja Xigi.net.
07:17
And this, of course, tackles the biggest assumption of all,
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A to propituje najvažniju pretpostavku,
07:21
that business is business,
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da je posao posao,
07:23
and philanthropy is the vehicle of people who want to create change in the world.
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a filantropija je sredstvo pomoću kojega ljudi žele promijeniti svijet.
07:27
Xigi is a new community site
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Xigi je nova društvena mreža
07:29
that's built by the community,
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koju izgrađuje sama zajednica,
07:31
linking and mapping this new social capital market.
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povezujući i mapirajući to novo tržište društvenog kapitala.
07:35
It lists already 1,000 entities
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Na popisu već ima 1.000 poduzeća
07:37
that are offering debt and equity for social enterprise.
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koja nude dug i kapital za društvene projekte.
07:41
So we can look to these innovators
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Možemo promatrati te inovatore
07:44
to help us remember
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koji nam pomažu da ne zaboravimo
07:48
that if we can leverage even a small amount of the capital
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da ako možemo upotrijebiti čak i malu količinu kapitala
07:51
that seeks a return,
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od povrata na investiciju,
07:53
the good that can be driven could be astonishing.
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dobro koje može proizići bi moglo biti zapanjujuće.
07:58
Now, what's really interesting here
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Ono što je tu stvarno zanimljivo
08:00
is that we're not thinking our way
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je da ne osmišljavamo
08:04
into a new way of acting;
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novi način djelovanja.
08:06
we're acting our way into a new way of thinking.
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Mi djelovanjem stvaramo novi način razmišljanja.
08:09
Philanthropy is reorganizing itself
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Filantropija se reorganizira
08:12
before our very eyes.
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pred našim očima.
08:14
And even though all of the experiments and all of the big givers
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I premda svi eksperimenti i svi veliki darovatelji
08:18
don't yet fulfill this aspiration,
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još nisu sasvim ispunili ove ambicije,
08:21
I think this is the new zeitgeist:
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mislim da je to novi zeitgeist:
08:23
open, big, fast, connected,
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otvoren, velik, brz, povezan.
08:26
and, let us also hope, long.
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Nadajmo se također, i dug.
08:28
We have got to realize that it is going to take a long time to do these things.
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Moramo shvatiti da će trebati dugo vremena da to postignemo.
08:32
If we don't develop the stamina to stick with things --
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Ako ne razvijemo izdržljivost da ustrajemo u stvarima --
08:35
whatever it is you pick, stick with it --
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što god odaberete, ustrajte u tome --
08:38
all of this stuff is just going to be, you know, a fad.
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sve to će ispasti, znate, pomodno.
08:42
But I'm really hopeful.
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Ali zaista se nadam.
08:44
And I'm hopeful because it's not only philanthropy
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Nadam se zato što se ne reorganizira
08:46
that's reorganizing itself,
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samo filantropija.
08:48
it's also whole other portions of the social sector,
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To se događa i s čitavim drugim dijelovima društvenog sektora,
08:51
and of business,
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i poslovnog sektora,
08:54
that are busy challenging "business as usual."
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koji propituju ideju „biznis po starom“.
08:57
And everywhere I go, including here at TED,
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Svuda gdje dođem, uključujući i ovdje na TED-u,
09:00
I feel that there is a new moral hunger
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osjećam da postoji nova moralna glad
09:04
that is growing.
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i da raste.
09:06
What we're seeing is people really wrestling
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Vidimo da se ljudi doista muče
09:08
to describe what is this new thing that's happening.
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opisati ta nova događanja.
09:11
Words like "philanthrocapitalism,"
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Pojmovi poput „filantrokapitalizam“
09:13
and "natural capitalism," and "philanthroentrepreneur,"
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i „prirodni kapitalizam“ i „filantropoduzetnik“
09:15
and "venture philanthropy."
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i „ulagačka filantropija“.
09:17
We don't have a language for it yet.
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Za to još nemamo terminologiju.
09:19
Whatever we call it,
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Kako god to nazvali,
09:21
it's new, it's beginning,
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novo je, u nastajanju je,
09:23
and I think it's gong to quite significant.
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i mislim da će biti vrlo značajno.
09:27
And that's where my imagined future comes in,
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I tu nastupa moja zamišljena budućnost.
09:29
which I am going to call the social singularity.
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Nazvat ću je društvenim singularitetom.
09:33
Many of you will realize that I'm ripping a bit off of the science fiction writer
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Mnogi među vama će shvatiti da malo kradem od pisca znanstvene fantastike
09:36
Vernor Vinge's notion of a technological singularity,
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Vernora Vingea i njegovog pojma tehnološkog singulariteta,
09:39
where a number of trends accelerate and converge
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gdje se brojni trendovi ubrzavaju i konvergiraju
09:41
and come together to create, really, a shockingly new reality.
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i združuju da stvore šokantnu novu stvarnost.
09:45
It may be that the social singularity
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Moglo bi biti da je društveni singularitet
09:48
ahead is the one that we fear the most:
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pred nama onaj kojega se najviše plašimo.
09:52
a convergence of catastrophes,
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Konvergencija katastrofa,
09:54
of environmental degradation,
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degradacije okoliša,
09:56
of weapons of mass destruction, of pandemics,
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oružja masovnog uništenja, pandemije,
09:58
of poverty.
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siromaštva.
10:00
That's because
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To je stoga što
10:02
our ability to confront the problems that we face
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naša sposobnost rješavanja problema s kojima se suočavamo
10:06
has not kept pace with our ability to create them.
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ne prati tempo naše sposobnosti da ih stvaramo.
10:09
And as we've heard here,
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I kao što smo ovdje čuli,
10:11
it is no exaggeration to say
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nije pretjerivanje reći
10:13
that we hold the future of our civilization in our hands
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da je budućnost naše civilizacije u našim rukama
10:16
as never before.
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kao nikada ranije.
10:19
The question is, is there a positive social singularity?
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Pitanje je, postoji li pozitivni društveni singularitet?
10:22
Is there a frontier for us
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Postoji li granica
10:24
of how we live together?
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našeg zajedničkog života?
10:27
Our future doesn't have to be imagined.
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Naša budućnost ne mora biti zamišljena.
10:29
We can create a future where hope and history rhyme.
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Možemo stvoriti budućnost u kojoj se nada i povijest rimuju.
10:34
But we have a problem.
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Ali imamo problem.
10:36
Our experience to date, both individually and collectively,
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Naše dosadašnje iskustvo, individualno i kolektivno,
10:40
hasn't prepared us for what we're going to need to do,
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nije nas pripremilo za ono što ćemo morati učiniti,
10:43
or who we're going to need to be.
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za ono kakvi ćemo morati biti.
10:46
We are going to need
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Trebat će nam
10:48
a new generation of citizen leaders
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novi naraštaj građana-lidera
10:53
willing to commit ourselves to growing and changing and learning
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spremnih da nas posvete razvoju, promjeni i učenju
10:56
as rapidly as possible.
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što je brže moguće.
10:58
That's why I have one last thing I want to show you.
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I zato vam imam još jednu stvar za pokazati.
11:01
This is a photograph taken about 100 years ago
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Ovo je fotografija otprije 100 godina;
11:03
of my grandfather and great-grandfather.
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prikazuje moga djeda i pradjeda.
11:06
This is a newspaper publisher and a banker.
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Novinski izdavač i bankar.
11:09
And they were great community leaders.
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Bili su oni sjajni vođe u svojoj zajednici.
11:11
And, yes, they were great philanthropists.
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I bili su veliki filantropi.
11:14
I keep this photograph close by to me --
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Držim ovu fotografiju blizu.
11:16
it's in my office --
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Nalazi se u mojem uredu.
11:18
because I've always felt a mystical connection to these two men,
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Jer sam oduvijek osjećala mističnu povezanost s tom dvojicom ljudi,
11:21
both of whom I never knew.
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koje nisam nikad upoznala.
11:24
And so, in their honor,
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I zato, u njihovu čast,
11:28
I want to offer you this blank slide.
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nudim vam ovaj prazan kadar.
11:33
And I want you to imagine
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Želim da zamislite
11:36
that this a photograph of you.
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da fotografija prikazuje vas.
11:39
And I want you to think about the community
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I želim da razmislite o zajednici
11:42
that you want to be part of creating.
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u izgradnji koje želite sudjelovati.
11:44
Whatever that means to you.
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Što god to za vas predstavljalo.
11:47
And I want you to imagine
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I hoću da zamislite
11:50
that it's 100 years from now,
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da je prošlo 100 godina od danas,
11:53
and your grandchild, or great-grandchild,
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i vaš unuk ili praunuk,
11:57
or niece or nephew or god-child,
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ili nećakinja, nećak ili kumče,
12:01
is looking at this photograph of you.
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promatra tu fotografiju na kojoj ste vi.
12:05
What is the story you most want for them to tell?
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Koju priču biste najviše voljeli da pričaju o vama?
12:19
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam lijepa.
12:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katherine Fulton - New philanthropistPresident of Monitor Institute, Katherine Fulton is also a strategist, author, teacher and speaker working for social change.
Why you should listen
Billions of dollars are spent on philanthropy each year, but the way they are spent is changing rapidly. Katherine Fulton's team at Monitor Group has been tracking these changes, and she has become an eloquent advocate for the “New Philanthropy,” surprising audiences with her insights on an underreported phenomenon of momentous significance.
As president of Monitor Institute, she works with today's most imaginative, entrepreneurial leaders (not just in philanthropy, but also in business and government) to pioneer breakthrough next practices in how complex social problems are framed, confronted, funded and ultimately solved.
As a result of her efforts, she has been awarded both a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University and a Lyndhurst Foundation prize for community service. Her innovative course design at Duke University was featured in Time magazine and her work on the future of journalism in Columbia Journalism Review. She is also co-author of several books, among them Investing for Social and Environmental Impact: A Blueprint for Catalyzing an Emerging Industry, Looking Out for the Future: An Orientation for Twenty-First Century Philanthropists and What If? The Art of Scenario Thinking for Nonprofits.
Katherine Fulton | Speaker | TED.com