TEDGlobal 2009
Eric Giler: A demo of wireless electricity
Eric Giler demonstrira bežični elektricitet
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Eric Giler želi raspetljati naš život u žicama pomoću električne struje bez kabela. Ovdje on prikazuje što nudi ova SF tehnologija i demonstrira prijelomnu MIT-ovu verziju, WiTricity -- izum koji nije daleko od tržišta i koji bi uskoro mogao puniti vaš telefon, automobil, srčani pacemaker.
Eric Giler - Wireless electrician
As the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again. Full bio
As the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Early visions of wireless power
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Rane vizije bežične energije
00:16
actually were thought of by Nikola Tesla
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zapravo je promišljao Nikola Tesla
00:19
basically about 100 years ago.
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prije nekih stotinu godina.
00:21
The thought that
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Ta pomisao da
00:23
you wouldn't want to transfer electric power wirelessly,
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ne biste željeli bežično prenositi električnu energiju,
00:26
no one ever thought of that.
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nitko to nikada nije pomislio.
00:28
They thought, "Who would use it if you didn't?"
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Mislili su, „Tko bi je koristio ako ne biste vi?"
00:30
And so, in fact, he actually set about
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On se, u stvari, prihvatio
00:33
doing a variety of things.
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raznovrsnih stvari.
00:35
Built the Tesla coil. This tower was built
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Napravio je Teslinu zavojnicu. Ovaj toranj je izgrađen
00:37
on Long Island back at the beginning of the 1900s.
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na Long Islandu početkom 1900-tih.
00:41
And the idea was, it was supposed to be able to transfer power
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Ideja je bila, trebao je prenositi struju
00:43
anywhere on Earth.
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bilo kamo na Zemlji.
00:45
We'll never know if this stuff worked. Actually, I think the
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Nikada nećemo znati je li to funkcioniralo. Mislim
00:47
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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da ga je FBI
00:49
took it down for security purposes,
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srušio iz sigurnosnih razloga,
00:51
sometime in the early 1900s.
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negdje ranih 1900-tih.
00:54
But the one thing that did come out of electricity
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Ali jedna stvar koja je proizišla iz elektriciteta
00:56
is that we love this stuff so much.
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je ta da ga silno volimo.
00:58
I mean, think about how much we love this.
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Pomislite samo koliko volimo struju.
01:00
If you just walk outside, there are trillions of dollars
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Ako samo prošetate vani, bilijuni dolara
01:04
that have been invested in infrastructure around the world,
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se ulažu u infrastrukturu širom svijeta,
01:06
putting up wires to get power from where it's created
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u razvlačenje žica, da bi se struja prenijela od mjesta nastanka
01:09
to where it's used.
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do mjesta gdje se koristi.
01:11
The other thing is, we love batteries.
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Druga stvar je da volimo baterije.
01:14
And for those of us that have an environmental element to us,
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Za one među nama koji imamo i osjećaj za okoliš
01:18
there is something like 40 billion
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nekih 40 milijardi
01:20
disposable batteries built every year
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potrošnih baterija se proizvede svake godine.
01:22
for power that, generally speaking,
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Za struju koja se, općenito govoreći,
01:24
is used within a few inches or a few feet
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koristi samo centimetrima ili metrima daleko
01:27
of where there is very inexpensive power.
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od mjesta gdje postoji jeftina struja.
01:29
So, before I got here,
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Prije nego što sam došao ovdje,
01:32
I thought, "You know, I am from North America.
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razmišljao sam, "Znate, ja sam iz sjeverne Amerike.
01:34
We do have a little bit of a reputation in the United States."
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Mi imamo nekakav ugled u Sjedinjenim Državama."
01:37
So I thought I'd better look it up first.
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Pa sam pomislio da bolje prvo provjerim.
01:39
So definition number six is the North American
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Definicija broj šest je sjevernoamerička
01:42
definition of the word "suck."
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definicija riječi sisati.
01:45
Wires suck, they really do.
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Žice su grozota, stvarno jesu.
01:47
Think about it. Whether that's you in that picture
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Razmislite o tome. Bilo da ste to vi na slici
01:50
or something under your desk.
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ili nešto pod vašim stolom.
01:52
The other thing is, batteries suck too.
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Druga stvar je da su baterije također grozota.
01:55
And they really, really do.
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One su stvarno, stvarno grozota.
01:57
Do you ever wonder what happens to this stuff?
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Pitate li se ikad što se događa s njima?
01:59
40 billion of these things built.
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40 milijardi ih se napravi.
02:01
This is what happens.
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Evo što se događa.
02:03
They fall apart, they disintegrate,
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Raspadaju se, dezintegriraju,
02:05
and they end up here.
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i završe ovdje.
02:07
So when you talk about expensive power,
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Pa kad govorimo o skupoj struji,
02:10
the cost per kilowatt-hour
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trošak kilowatta po satu
02:14
to supply battery power to something
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da bismo nešto pogonili na baterije
02:16
is on the order of two to three hundred pounds.
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je reda veličina od 200 do 300 funti.
02:19
Think about that.
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Razmislite o tome.
02:21
The most expensive grid power in the world
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Najskuplja struja iz mreže na svijetu
02:23
is thousandths of that.
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iznosi tisućinke toga.
02:26
So fortunately, one of the other definitions
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Na sreću, jedna od ostalih definicija riječi
02:29
of "suck" that was in there, it does create a vacuum.
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sisati koja je bila ovdje, jest da proizvodi vakuum.
02:32
And nature really does abhor a vacuum.
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A priroda zaista mrzi vakuum.
02:35
What happened back a few years ago
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Prije nekoliko godina dogodilo se to
02:37
was a group of theoretical physicists at MIT
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da je skupina teorijskih fizičara s MIT-a
02:41
actually came up with this concept of transferring power over distance.
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zaista osmislila koncept prijenosa struje na daljinu.
02:45
Basically they were able to light a 60 watt light bulb
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U suštini, oni su uspjeli upaliti žarulju od 60 watti
02:49
at a distance of about two meters.
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na udaljenost od oko 2 metra.
02:51
It got about 50 percent of the efficiency --
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Po njima, efikasnost iznosi oko 50 posto.
02:54
by the way, that's still a couple thousand times
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Usput, to je još uvijek nekoliko tisuća puta
02:56
more efficient than a battery would be, to do the same thing.
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efikasnije od baterije, za istu stvar.
02:59
But were able to light that,
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Ali su je upalili,
03:01
and do it very successfully.
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i učinili su to vrlo uspješno.
03:03
This was actually the experiment. So you can see
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Ovo je bio eksperiment. Vidite
03:05
the coils were somewhat larger.
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da su zavojnice nešto veće.
03:08
The light bulb was a fairly simple task, from their standpoint.
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Žarulja je bila razmjerno jednostavan zadatak, s njihovog gledišta.
03:11
This all came from a professor
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A sve je došlo od profesora
03:14
waking up at night to the third night in a row
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koji se budio noću, treću noć zaredom
03:16
that his wife's cellphone was beeping
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zato što se mobitel njegove supruge javljao
03:18
because it was running out of battery power.
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jer je baterija bila pri kraju.
03:21
And he was thinking, "With all the electricity that's out there in the walls,
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I mislio je, "sa svom tom strujom ovdje u zidovima,
03:25
why couldn't some of that just come into the phone so I could get some sleep?"
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zašto nešto te struje ne bi otišlo u telefon kako bih ja mogao spavati?"
03:28
And he actually came up with this concept
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I doista je pronašao koncept
03:30
of resonant energy transfer.
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rezonantnog prijenosa energije.
03:32
But inside a standard transformer are two coils of wire.
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U standardnom transformatoru su dvije zavojnice sa žicom.
03:36
And those two coils of wire are really, really close to each other,
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I te dvije zavojnice su jako, jako blizu jedna drugoj,
03:39
and actually do transfer power
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i zaista i prenose energiju --
03:43
magnetically and wirelessly, only over a very short distance.
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magnetski i bežično, jedino što to čine na vrlo kratku udaljenost.
03:46
What Dr. Soljacic figured out how to do
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Dr. Soljačić je otkrio kako
03:49
was separate the coils in a transformer
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razdvojiti zavojnice u transformatoru
03:52
to a greater distance than the size of those transformers
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na veću udaljenost od veličine tih transformatora,
03:56
using this technology, which is not dissimilar
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pomoću ove tehnologije koja nije jako različita
03:58
from the way an opera singer shatters a glass on the other side of the room.
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od načina na koji operni pjevač razbija čašu na drugom kraju sobe.
04:02
It's a resonant phenomenon
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To je fenomen rezonantnosti
04:04
for which he actually received a MacArthur Fellowship Award,
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za koji je dobio nagradu MacArthur Fellowship Award,
04:07
which is nicknamed the Genius Award,
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koju od milja zovu i Genius Award (nagrada za genijalce),
04:09
last September, for his discovery.
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prošloga rujna, za to otkriće.
04:12
So how does it work?
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No, kako to funkcionira?
04:14
Imagine a coil. For those of you that are engineers,
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Zamislite zavojnicu. Za vas inženjere ovdje,
04:17
there's a capacitor attached to it too.
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na nju je spojen i kondenzator.
04:19
And if you can cause that coil to resonate,
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I ako možete postići da zavojnica rezonira,
04:22
what will happen is it will pulse
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ona će pulsirati,
04:24
at alternating current frequencies --
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na frekvencijama izmjenične struje,
04:26
at a fairly high frequency, by the way.
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na prilično visokim frekvencijama, usput.
04:29
And if you can bring another device
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I ako možete dovesti drugi uređaj
04:33
close enough to the source,
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dovoljno blizu izvoru,
04:35
that will only work at exactly that frequency,
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koji će raditi samo na točno toj frekvenciji,
04:38
you can actually get them to do what's called strongly couple,
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možete postići da se ti uređaji, kako se kaže, snažno upare,
04:42
and transfer magnetic energy between them.
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i međusobno si prenesu magnetsku energiju.
04:46
And then what you do is, you start out with electricity,
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Ono što radite je da počnete s elektricitetom,
04:48
turn it into magnetic field, take that magnetic field,
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pretvorite ga u magnetno polje, uzmete to magnetno polje,
04:50
turn it back into electricity,
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pretvorite ga natrag u elektricitet.
04:52
and then you can use it.
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I tada ga možete koristiti.
04:55
Number one question I get asked.
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Pitanje broj jedan koje mi postavljaju.
04:57
I mean, people are worried about cellphones being safe.
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Mislim, ljude brine jesu li mobiteli sigurni.
04:59
You know. What about safety?
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Znate. Što je sa sigurnošću?
05:01
The first thing is this is not a "radiative" technology.
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Prvo, ovo nije radioaktivna tehnologija.
05:03
It doesn't radiate.
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Ona ne zrači.
05:05
There aren't electric fields here. It's a magnetic field.
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Ovdje nema električnih polja. To je magnetno polje.
05:08
It stays within either what we call the source,
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Ono ostaje ili unutar onoga što zovemo izvor,
05:10
or within the device.
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ili unutar uređaja.
05:12
And actually, the magnetic fields we're using
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A magnetna polja koja koristimo
05:14
are basically about the same as the Earth's magnetic field.
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su, u suštini, otprilike jednaka magnetnom polju Zemlje.
05:17
We live in a magnetic field.
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Živimo u magnetnom polju.
05:19
And the other thing that's pretty cool about the technology is
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A druga stvar koja je prilično dobra u vezi ove tehnologije je
05:22
that it only transfers energy to things that work at exactly the same frequency.
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da ona prenosi energiju samo na stvari koje rade na baš istoj frekvenciji.
05:26
And it's virtually impossible in nature to make that happen.
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I praktično je nemoguće da se to u prirodi dogodi.
05:30
Then finally we have governmental bodies everywhere
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A zatim imamo i vladina tijela svuda
05:32
that will regulate everything we do.
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koja će donijeti propise o svemu što radimo.
05:34
They've pretty much set field exposure limits,
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A ona su poprilično odredila ograničenja izloženosti polju
05:36
which all of the things in the stuff I'll show you today
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i sve stvari u ovome što ću vam danas pokazati
05:38
sort of sit underneath those guidelines.
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nekako funkcioniraju u okviru tih smjernica.
05:41
Mobile electronics.
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Mobilna elektronika.
05:43
Home electronics.
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Kućna elektronika.
05:45
Those cords under your desk, I bet everybody here
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Te žice pod vašim stolom, kladim se da svatko ovdje
05:47
has something that looks like that or those batteries.
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ima nešto slično, ili takve baterije.
05:50
There are industrial applications.
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Postoje i industrijske primjene.
05:52
And then finally, electric vehicles.
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A zatim, konačno, i električna vozila.
05:54
These electric cars are beautiful.
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Ti električni automobili su prelijepi.
05:56
But who is going to want to plug them in?
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Ali tko će ih željeti priključiti?
05:59
Imagine driving into your garage -- we've built a system to do this --
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Zamislite da ulazite u svoju garažu – sustav je izgrađen da to podržava --
06:02
you drive into your garage, and the car charges itself,
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ulazite u svoju garažu i automobil se sam puni.
06:06
because there is a mat on the floor that's plugged into the wall.
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Jer je na podu prostirka koja je priključena na zid.
06:09
And it actually causes your car to charge safely and efficiently.
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I ona puni vaš automobil sigurno i efikasno.
06:13
Then there's all kinds of other applications. Implanted medical devices,
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A postoje i različite druge primjene. Medicinski uređaji za implantaciju.
06:16
where people don't have to die of infections anymore
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Zbog kojih ljudi više ne moraju umirati od infekcija
06:18
if you can seal the thing up.
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ako možete zatvoriti ulaz.
06:20
Credit cards, robot vacuum cleaners.
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Kreditne kartice, usisivači roboti.
06:22
So what I'd like to do is take a couple minutes
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Volio bih nekoliko minuta posvetiti tome
06:24
and show you, actually, how it works.
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da vam pokažem kako to zapravo funkcionira.
06:28
And what I'm going to do is to show you pretty much what's here.
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Pokazat ću vam uglavnom ono što je ovdje.
06:33
You've got a coil.
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Imate zavojnicu.
06:36
That coil is connected to an R.F. amplifier
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Zavojnica je spojena na R.F. pojačalo
06:39
that creates a high-frequency oscillating magnetic field.
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koje proizvodi oscilirajuće magnetno polje visoke frekvencije.
06:43
We put one on the back of the television set.
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Stavljamo ovo na stražnju stranu televizora.
06:45
By the way, I do make it look a little bit easier than it is.
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Usput, prikazujem to malo jednostavnijim nego što stvarno jest.
06:48
There's lots of electronics and secret sauce
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Ima tu puno elektronike i tajnog sastojka
06:50
and all kinds of intellectual property that go into it.
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i svakovrsnog intelektualnog vlasništva koje je dio ovoga.
06:55
But then what's going to happen is, it will create a field.
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Ali dogodit će se to da će nastati polje,
06:58
It will cause one to get created
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i ono će prouzročiti da se pojavi drugo,
07:00
on the other side.
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na drugoj strani.
07:03
And if the demo gods are willing,
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I ako su bogovi demonstracija voljni,
07:05
in about 10 seconds or so we should see it.
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za nekih desetak sekundi ćemo ga vidjeti.
07:07
The 10 seconds actually are because we --
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Tih 10 sekundi je zbog --
07:09
I don't know if any of you have ever thought about plugging a T.V. in
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ne znam je li itko od vas razmišljao o uključenju televizora
07:12
when you use just a cord.
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kad samo koristite kabel.
07:14
Generally, you have to go over and hit the button. So I thought
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Općenito, morate otići do njega i pritisnuti dugme. Pa sam mislio
07:16
we put a little computer in it that has to wake up
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da stavimo malo računalo unutra koje se mora probuditi,
07:18
to tell it to do that.
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koje se mora probuditi i reći mu da to učini.
07:26
So, I'll plug that in.
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Pa ću ga uključiti.
07:28
It creates a magnetic field here.
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Ovdje se stvara magnetno polje.
07:31
It causes one to be created out here.
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Ono uzrokuje da se ovdje stvori drugo.
07:33
And as I said, in sort of about 10 seconds
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I, kao što sam rekao, za nekih 10 sekundi
07:36
we should start to see ...
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trebamo početi vidjeti ...
07:40
This is a commercially --
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Ovo je komercijalno --
07:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:49
available color television set.
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komercijalno dostupan televizor u boji.
07:52
Imagine, you get one of these things. You want to hang them on the wall.
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Zamislite, dobijete ovakvu stvar koju želite okačiti na zid.
07:54
How many people want to hang them on the wall?
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Koliko ljudi je želi okačiti na zid?
07:56
Think about it. You don't want those ugly cords coming down.
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Razmislite o tome. Ne želite te ružne kabele što vise.
07:58
Imagine if you can get rid of it.
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Zamislite da ih se možete riješiti.
08:00
The other thing I wanted to talk about was safety.
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Druga stvar o kojoj sam želio pričati je sigurnost.
08:02
So, there is nothing going on. I'm okay.
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Dakle, ovdje se ništa ne događa, dobro sam.
08:06
And I'll do it again, just for safety's sake.
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I uradit ću to ponovno, za svaku sigurnost.
08:08
Almost immediately, though, people ask,
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Ipak, odmah zatim ljudi pitaju,
08:11
"How small can you make this? Can you make this small enough?"
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"Koliko malim to možete napraviti? Možete li to napraviti dovoljno malim?"
08:14
Because remember Dr. Soljacic's original idea
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Jer sjetite se da je izvorna ideja dr. Soljačića
08:18
was his wife's cellphone beeping.
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potekla od glasanja mobitela njegove supruge.
08:20
So, I wanted to show you something.
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Pa sam vam želio nešto pokazati.
08:23
We're an equal opportunity designer of this sort of thing.
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Kod ovoga, mi smo dizajneri jednakih mogućnosti.
08:25
This a Google G1.
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Ovo je Google G1.
08:27
You know, it's the latest thing that's come out.
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Znate, to je posljednja stvar koja je izišla.
08:29
It runs the Android operating system.
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Pokreće operativni sustav Android.
08:31
I think I heard somebody talk about that before.
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Mislim da sam ranije čuo da netko drži govor o tome.
08:33
It's odd. It has a battery.
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To je čudno. Ima bateriju.
08:35
It also has coiled electronics
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Ima i elektroniku sa zavojnicom
08:37
that WiTricity has put into the back of it.
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koju je WiTricity stavio otraga.
08:39
And if I can get the camera --
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I ako mogu, nekako, kameru,
08:42
okay, great --
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OK, dobro,
08:44
you'll see, as I get sort of close...
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vidjet ćete, kad dođem blizu...
08:50
you're looking at a cellphone powered completely wirelessly.
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gledate u mobitel koji se napaja potpuno bežično.
08:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:59
And I know some of you are Apple aficionados.
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Znam da su neki od vas ljubitelji Applea.
09:02
So, you know they don't make it easy at Apple to get inside their phones.
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Znate, u kompaniji Apple vam ne olakšavaju ulaz u njihove telefone.
09:04
So we put a little sleeve on the back,
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Pa smo stavili mali rukav na poleđinu.
09:06
but we should be able to get this guy to wake up too.
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Ali bismo trebali biti u stanju potaknuti ovoga na buđenje.
09:09
And those of you that have an iPhone recognize the green center.
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Oni od vas koji imaju iPhone prepoznaju zeleni centar.
09:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:17
And Nokia as well.
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I Nokia, također.
09:19
You'll see that what we did there is put a little thing in the back, to do that,
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Vidite da smo stavili tu stvarčicu na poleđinu, da to uspijemo,
09:23
and it probably beeps, actually, as it goes on as well.
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i dok radi također i svira.
09:26
But they typically use it to light up the screen.
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Ali oni to tipično koriste za osvjetljivanje ekrana.
09:28
So, imagine these things could go ... they could go in your ceiling.
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Pa zamislite ove, mogle bi ići u vaš strop.
09:31
They could go in the floor. They could go, actually, underneath your desktop.
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Mogle bi ići u pod. Mogle bi zapravo ići pod ploču vašeg stola.
09:34
So that when you walk in or you come in from home,
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Pa kad uđete, ili dođete od kuće,
09:37
if you carry a purse, it works in your purse.
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ako nosite torbicu, to radi u torbici.
09:39
You never have to worry about plugging these things in again.
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Više nikada ne morate brinuti za priključivanje uređaja.
09:43
And think of what that would do for you.
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I pomislite što bi to značilo za vas.
09:45
So I think in closing,
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Kao zaključak,
09:49
sort of in the immortal visions of The New Yorker magazine,
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nešto poput besmrtne vizije časopisa New York Times,
09:53
I thought I'd put up one more slide.
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pomislio sam da pokažem još jedan slajd.
09:57
And for those of you who can't read it, it says,
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Za one koji ne mogu pročitati, piše,
09:59
"It does appear to be some kind of wireless technology."
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"Čini se da je to neka vrsta bežične tehnologije."
10:01
So, thank you very much.
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Pa vam se zahvaljujem.
10:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Giler - Wireless electricianAs the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again.
Why you should listen
Eric Giler heads WiTricity, a startup with a product straight out of science fiction: wireless electricity, beamed from a base station to your electrical devices. The technology was developed by an MIT team led by theoretical physicist Marin Soljačić (who won a MacArthur "genius"grant last year). Now, WiTricity is one of several startups developing tech to safely transmit power through the air -- and potentially untether our electronic age.
The technology at the core of WiTricity's approach is called magnetic coupled resonance, which can provoke an energetic response at a distance between two coils, one powered, the other not. If the two coils are correctly tuned to one another, energy flows from the connected one (installed, say, on the ceiling of a room) into the other (inside, say, your laptop). Giler presented a demo of it at TEDGlobal 2009 -- and several companies are already planning to add it to their phones, cameras, TVs and other devices.
Eric Giler | Speaker | TED.com