Juan Enriquez: The age of genetic wonder
Juan Enriquez: A genetikai csoda korszaka
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
technologies tend to be overestimated
új technika hatását
in the long term
of miracle and wonder.
song by Paul Simon?
miraculous back then?
to get interrupted by operators
félbeszakítja önöket, és beszól:
Do you want to hang up?"
sem gond telefonálni.
all over the world.
originally in their impact.
eredetileg túlbecsülték.
going to ruin all religion.
vallást tönkretesz.
attention to telescopes.
fordítunk a távcsövekre.
10 years ago, as you just heard,
mint épp szó volt róla,
fly it to the moon,
on that Volkswagen light up on the moon.
a Holdon fölgyulladni.
that allowed you to see
floating around distant suns.
porszemcséket is meglássunk.
was a sun a billion light years away,
milliárdnyi fényévre lévő nap,
that came in front of it.
an exoplanet is like.
that are now being launched
a single candle lit on the moon.
gyertya fényét is mutatnák.
separately at that distance.
of resolution that you need
that little speck of dust
a blue-green signature,
mindenütt van élet.
is common in the universe.
signature on a distant planet,
pillantjuk meg egy távoli bolygón,
hogy ott van fotoszintézis,
the only other planet with photosynthesis
egy bolygón van fotoszintézis:
we were alone in the universe:
a világmindenségben, utána már nem.
of whatever continent.
zömének elképzelésére.
to be able to image most of the universe.
in these little bits and pieces.
and we hear about this technology,
egyik-másik technológiáról.
is that life turns out to be code.
important concept because it means,
fontos fogalom, mert azt jelenti,
as you can write a sentence
as you can copy a sentence,
as you can edit a sentence,
as you can print a sentence,
to do that with life.
ezt megtenni az élettel is.
to learn how to read this language.
megtanulni e nyelv olvasását.
that is used by this orange.
like a computer does.
mint a számítógép.
AGC: make me some flowers.
AGC: növessz nekem virágokat!
még narancsokat!
on a word processor,
egy angol nyelvű mondatnak,
from this word to that word.
or something else that you've heard of,
vagy valami más segítségével,
sitting next to you today.
is it was really expensive to begin with.
50 percent faster than Moore's law.
mint a Moore-törvény szerint várnánk.
was announced yesterday by Veritas.
először a 200 dolláros árat.
it doesn't matter, and then it does.
amaz se, aztán igen.
the map view of this stuff.
but instead of using a telescope,
de távcső helyett
It's recessive and mutant.
recesszív és mutáns.
and then you zoom in to 850,
more and more genes as you zoom in.
who's got leukemia,
what kind of leukemia do they have,
milyen fajtájú leukémiája van.
to what place.
to the Google street view level.
if you have colorectal cancer
betű mélységű felbontásban,
on the letter-by-letter resolution.
is we're gathering information
enormous amounts of information.
adatot állítunk elő.
databases on the planet
than we can build computers to store it.
alkalmas számítógépeket építenénk.
maps with this stuff.
and why one plague is bubonic
az egyik miért bubópestis,
is a different kind of plague
is a different kind of plague?
as you go to the bottom of this,
tuberculosis and various kinds of plagues,
és a pestis egyes fajtái között,
with this stuff,
a very specific kind of cholera
egy különleges kolerafajtát,
which country it came from,
from that African country to Haiti.
hurcolta be Afrikából Haitira.
ever done by human beings.
egyik legnagyszerűbb térkép.
all the genetic information they have
on a single page
how did it diversify, how did it branch,
így diverzifikálódott, így ágazott el,
of life on Earth,
updated and completed.
the old biology used to be reactive.
hogy a régi biológia leíró jellegű volt.
that had microscopes,
mikroszkópok fölött ült,
and they were out observing animals.
és állatokat figyeltek meg.
you make stuff.
to do things like this.
excited by this picture.
and 40 million dollars
out of a cell --
the full gene code out of a cell --
execute that code
a sejtet, hogy végrehajtsa a kódot,
synthetic life form.
to change the world.
hogyan változtatja meg a világot.
to change the world.
a new industrial revolution.
and Germany and Britain
Németország és Nagy-Britannia
like the one you see in this lobby,
gépekhez hasonló szerkezetekkel,
is changing the world,
and our concept of the universe --
alkotott fogalmunk felhasználásával.
are also going to change the world
is megváltoztatják a világot,
program your computer chip,
can produce photographs,
can produce spreadsheets.
flying through there.
vagyunk átfuttatni a sejteken,
by your bedside,
cell phones in the morning.
milliárdnyi telefon.
at a very large scale.
is you can start producing
for agricultural lands.
területeket is kiválthatunk.
az erre használt 100 hektár helyett
to make oils or to make proteins,
the productivity per hectare.
termelékenységgel állítható elő.
or you can make all the world's vaccines
vagy a világ összes oltóanyagát
that's held at CERN in those three vats.
a CERN-ben lévő információ javát.
information storage device.
of theoretical biology.
of the most conservative places on earth.
tanszékek maradi helyek.
to the way they taught anatomy
Ezt a holttestet boncolja!"
not good at is creating new departments,
az orvostudományi egyetemek,
based on informatics, data, knowledge
és tudáson alapuló tanszéket alapított
what's beginning to happen is
the steps of physics,
theoretical biology.
so much data about people:
you've got their viromes,
is this is coming to the consumer.
companies like 23andMe,
are going to be giving you
to compare stuff across time,
very large databases.
a series of other businesses
you really don't want the consumer
bevinné a vécébe, és lepisilné.
into the bathroom to pee on.
out of a magazine and you pee on it,
és rápisilünk,
a discount on your crib.
tőlük a gyerekágyra.
at Synthetic Genomics,
most kezdtük el
of these machines this year.
This is printing biology.
ez nyomtatási biológia.
over a longer time period.
to redesign species.
We're redesigning flowers.
brings up the interesting question:
"Oh no, we never want to redesign humans."
soha nem akarjuk áttervezni."
has a Huntington's gene
nincs benne a Huntington-gén,
a cystic fibrosis gene,
a cisztás fibrózis génjét.
to redesign yourself,
magunkat akarjuk áttervezni,
and their children.
and they're going to happen in real time.
és folyamatosan fölvetődnek.
at the National Academies today
a Tudományos Akadémián,
a gene drive into mosquitoes
önző gént juttatni szúnyogokba,
all the malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
az összes maláriahordozó szúnyogot.
in an extreme way, don't do it."
a környezetre, ne tegyétek!"
that's killing millions of people yearly.
menthetem meg népem gyermekeit?"
that I can't save the kids in my country?"
let this loose in Brazil
that it's in other places?
hogy máshol is létezik.
to this graduate students
any modern chemicals or instruments.
modern vegyszer vagy eszköz!
three billion years ago.
ami hárommilliárd éve volt itt.
You can't use this. You can't use that."
Ezt sem, meg azt sem."
about three weeks ago.
amit három hete hozott létre.
szappanbuborék lipidekből.
soap bubbles that are made out of lipids.
be absorbed by the cell
elnyelette a sejttel,
through the digital age --
the age of the genome
and synthetic biology --
és a szintetikus biológia korszakába –,
into the age of the brain.
we can rebuild most of our body parts,
testrészünket ugyanúgy újjáépíthetjük,
or burn your skin, it regrows.
vagy megégett bőr újra nő.
how to regrow our tracheas
implanted in humans.
32 different organs.
and the rest is just packaging.
120, 130, 140 years
120–130–140 évnél tovább élni,
a világmindenségben?"
an apocryphal quote from Einstein.
everything is a miracle,
hogy minden dolog csodálatos,
nothing is a miracle.]
you can focus on the scary,
a rosszra, az ijesztőre,
a lot of scary out there.
to focus on that, or maybe 20 percent,
of miracle and wonder.
és csodák korszakában élünk.
We're lucky to see this stuff.
Szerencsénk van, hogy ezt látjuk.
with folks like the folks
kapcsolatban állni azokkal,
all the stuff in this room.
dolgokat hozzák létre.
for all you do.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com