TED2019
Carole Cadwalladr: Facebook's role in Brexit -- and the threat to democracy
Carole Cadwalladr: Peran Facebook dalam Brexit -- dan ancaman terhadap demokrasi
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Dalam ceramah yang sayang untuk dilewatkan, jurnalis Carole Cadwalladr menggali salah satu peristiwa paling membingungkan dewasa ini: kemenangan tipis suara keluar dari Uni Eropa di Britania Raya pada 2016. Menelusuri akibat atas berondongan iklan menyesatkan di Facebook yang menyasar rentannya para "swing voter" -- dan menghubungkannya dengan pemain-pemain dan taktik-taktik serupa pada pemilu presiden AS 2016 -- Cadwalladr menegur para "dewa Sillicon Valley" karena berpihak pada sisi sejarah yang salah, juga mempertanyakan: Apakah pemilu yang bebas dan adil hanyalah masa lalu?
Carole Cadwalladr - Investigative journalist
Carole Cadwalladr is a British investigative journalist and features writer. Full bio
Carole Cadwalladr is a British investigative journalist and features writer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, on the day after the Brexit vote,
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Jadi, pada hari setelah
pemungutan suara Brexit,
pemungutan suara Brexit,
00:16
in June 2016,
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Juni 2016,
00:19
when Britain woke up to the shock
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ketika Britania tersentak kaget
00:21
of discovering that we're leaving
the European Union,
the European Union,
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setelah tahu bahwa kami
akan keluar dari Uni Eropa,
akan keluar dari Uni Eropa,
00:24
my editor at the "Observer"
newspaper in the UK
newspaper in the UK
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editor saya di “The Observer”,
surat kabar Britania Raya,
surat kabar Britania Raya,
00:27
asked me to go back to South Wales,
where I grew up, and to write a report.
where I grew up, and to write a report.
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meminta saya pulang kampung
ke Wales Selatan, dan menuliskannya.
ke Wales Selatan, dan menuliskannya.
00:32
And so I went to a town called Ebbw Vale.
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Maka saya pergi ke kota bernama Ebbw Vale.
00:35
Here it is.
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Ini dia.
00:36
It's in the South Wales Valleys,
which is this quite special place.
which is this quite special place.
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Letaknya di Lembah Wales Selatan,
lokasi yang sangat spesial.
lokasi yang sangat spesial.
00:40
So it's had this very, sort of rich,
working-class culture,
working-class culture,
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Kota ini pun punya semacam
budaya pekerja yang kental,
budaya pekerja yang kental,
00:45
and it's famous for its Welsh
male voice choirs and rugby and its coal.
male voice choirs and rugby and its coal.
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dan terkenal akan paduan suara pria
khas Wales, rugbi, dan batu bara.
khas Wales, rugbi, dan batu bara.
00:50
But when I was a teenager,
the coal mines and the steelworks closed,
the coal mines and the steelworks closed,
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Namun ketika saya remaja,
tambang batu bara dan pabrik baja ditutup,
tambang batu bara dan pabrik baja ditutup,
00:54
and the entire area was devastated.
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dan seluruh area ini terpukul.
00:57
And I went there because it had one of
the highest "Leave" votes in the country.
the highest "Leave" votes in the country.
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Saya datang ke sini karena jumlah suara
“Keluar”-nya salah satu yang tertinggi.
“Keluar”-nya salah satu yang tertinggi.
01:01
Sixty-two percent of the people here
voted to leave the European Union.
voted to leave the European Union.
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Enam puluh dua persen warga kota ini
memilih keluar dari Uni Eropa.
memilih keluar dari Uni Eropa.
01:06
And I wanted to know why.
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Dan saya ingin tahu kenapa.
01:09
When I got there,
I was just a bit taken aback,
I was just a bit taken aback,
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Ketika tiba, saya agak tersentak,
01:11
because the last time I went to Ebbw Vale,
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karena terakhir kali saya
pergi ke Ebbw Vale,
pergi ke Ebbw Vale,
01:14
it looked like this.
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tampilannya seperti ini.
01:16
And now, it looks like this.
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Dan sekarang, terlihat seperti ini.
01:19
This is a new 33-million-pound
college of further education
college of further education
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Ini adalah kampus pendidikan lanjut
bernilai 33 juta pound
bernilai 33 juta pound
01:24
that was mostly funded
by the European Union.
by the European Union.
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yang sebagian besar didanai
oleh Uni Eropa.
oleh Uni Eropa.
01:28
And this is the new sports center
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Dan ini pusat kebugaran baru
01:31
that's at the middle of 350-million-pound
regeneration project
regeneration project
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yang tengah menjalani proyek
regenerasi senilai 350 juta pound
regenerasi senilai 350 juta pound
01:36
that's being funded by the European Union.
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yang didanai oleh Uni Eropa.
01:40
And this is the new 77-million-pound
road-improvement scheme,
road-improvement scheme,
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Ini adalah skema perbaikan jalan baru
senilai 77 juta pound,
senilai 77 juta pound,
01:44
and there's a new train line,
a new railway station,
a new railway station,
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dan di sana ada jalur kereta baru,
stasiun baru,
stasiun baru,
01:47
and they're all being funded
by the European Union.
by the European Union.
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yang semuanya didanai oleh
Uni Eropa.
Uni Eropa.
01:49
And it's not as if
any of this is a secret,
any of this is a secret,
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Semua ini pun bukannya rahasia,
01:51
because there's big signs
like this everywhere.
like this everywhere.
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karena papan besar seperti ini
ada di mana pun.
ada di mana pun.
01:53
[EU Funds: Investing in Wales]
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[Dana UE: Investasi di Wales]
01:55
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
01:57
I had this sort of
weird sense of unreality,
weird sense of unreality,
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Saya mendapat semacam
kesan tak nyata yang aneh,
kesan tak nyata yang aneh,
01:59
walking around the town.
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saat berjalan-jalan di kota ini.
02:01
And it came to a head
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Dan puncaknya adalah
02:03
when I met this young man
in front of the sports center.
in front of the sports center.
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ketika saya bertemu seorang pria muda
di depan pusat kebugaran.
di depan pusat kebugaran.
02:07
And he told me that he had voted to leave,
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Ia bercerita bahwa ia memilih keluar,
02:11
because the European Union
had done nothing for him.
had done nothing for him.
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karena Uni Eropa tak berbuat
apa-apa untuknya.
apa-apa untuknya.
02:17
He was fed up with it.
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Dia muak dengan hal itu.
02:19
And all around town,
people told me the same thing.
people told me the same thing.
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Dan di seantero kota,
orang-orang berkata hal yang sama.
orang-orang berkata hal yang sama.
02:23
They said that they wanted
to take back control,
to take back control,
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Mereka bilang, mereka ingin
mengambil kembali kendali,
mengambil kembali kendali,
02:26
which was one of the slogans
in the campaign.
in the campaign.
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yang juga merupakan salah satu
slogan kampanye.
slogan kampanye.
02:29
And they told me
that they were most fed up
that they were most fed up
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Dan mereka bilang bahwa
mereka paling muak
mereka paling muak
02:31
with the immigrants and with the refugees.
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dengan imigran dan pengungsi.
02:34
They'd had enough.
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Cukup bagi mereka.
02:36
Which was odd.
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Dan ini aneh.
02:38
Because walking around,
I didn't meet any immigrants or refugees.
I didn't meet any immigrants or refugees.
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Sebab saat berjalan-jalan,
saya tak bertemu imigran atau pengungsi.
saya tak bertemu imigran atau pengungsi.
02:41
I met one Polish woman who told me
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Ada wanita Polandia yang bercerita
02:43
she was practically
the only foreigner in town.
the only foreigner in town.
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hampir-hampir hanya dia
pendatang di kota ini.
pendatang di kota ini.
02:45
And when I checked the figures,
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Ketika mengecek angkanya,
02:47
I discovered that Ebbw Vale actually has
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saya temukan bahwa Ebbw Valle
02:49
one of the lowest rates
of immigration in the country.
of immigration in the country.
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punya tingkat imigrasi
terendah di negara ini.
terendah di negara ini.
02:53
And so I was just a bit baffled,
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Saya pun jadi bingung,
02:54
because I couldn't really understand
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karena tak bisa
sepenuhnya mengerti
sepenuhnya mengerti
02:56
where people were getting
their information from.
their information from.
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dari mana orang-orang ini
mendapat informasi itu.
mendapat informasi itu.
02:59
Because it was the right-wing
tabloid newspapers
tabloid newspapers
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Sebab media berhaluan kananlah
03:01
which printed all these stories
about immigration.
about immigration.
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yang memuat semua cerita tentang
imigrasi ini.
imigrasi ini.
03:03
And this is a very much
left-wing Labour stronghold.
left-wing Labour stronghold.
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Dan daerah ini sebetulnya
kubu pertahanan politik kiri.
kubu pertahanan politik kiri.
03:08
But then after the article came out,
this woman got in touch with me.
this woman got in touch with me.
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Namun setelah artikel saya terbit,
seorang wanita mengontak saya.
seorang wanita mengontak saya.
03:11
And she was from Ebbw Vale,
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Dia berasal dari Ebbw Vale,
03:13
and she told me about all this stuff
that she'd seen on Facebook.
that she'd seen on Facebook.
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dan bercerita tentang segala hal
yang dilihatnya di Facebook.
yang dilihatnya di Facebook.
03:16
I was like, "What stuff?"
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Saya bilang, "Hal apa?"
03:18
And she said it was all this quite scary
stuff about immigration,
stuff about immigration,
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Dia pun menjawab dengan hal-hal
menakutkan tentang imigrasi,
menakutkan tentang imigrasi,
03:21
and especially about Turkey.
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dan khususnya tentang Turki.
03:22
So I tried to find it.
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Saya pun mencoba mencari tahu.
03:24
But there was nothing there.
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Tapi tidak ada apa-apa.
03:26
Because there's no archive
of ads that people had seen
of ads that people had seen
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Karena tidak ada arsip berisi
iklan-iklan yang mereka lihat
iklan-iklan yang mereka lihat
03:30
or what had been pushed
into their news feeds.
into their news feeds.
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atau apa pun yang dicekoki
ke pasokan berita mereka.
ke pasokan berita mereka.
03:34
No trace of anything,
gone completely dark.
gone completely dark.
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Tak ada jejak apa pun,
hilang dalam gelap.
hilang dalam gelap.
03:38
And this referendum that will have
this profound effect forever on Britain --
this profound effect forever on Britain --
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Referendum ini, yang berefek besar
dan permanen terhadap Britania --
dan permanen terhadap Britania --
03:44
it's already had a profound effect:
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efek besarnya bahkan sudah terlihat:
03:47
the Japanese car manufacturers
that came to Wales and the north east
that came to Wales and the north east
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produsen mobil Jepang yang datang
ke Wales dan area timur laut
ke Wales dan area timur laut
03:50
to replace the mining jobs --
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sebagai ganti kerja tambang --
03:51
they are already going because of Brexit.
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mereka telah pergi karena Brexit.
03:54
And this entire referendum
took place in darkness,
took place in darkness,
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Dan seluruh referendum ini
berlangsung dalam kegelapan,
berlangsung dalam kegelapan,
03:59
because it took place on Facebook.
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karena mengambil tempat di Facebook.
04:03
And what happens on Facebook
stays on Facebook,
stays on Facebook,
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Dan yang terjadi di Facebook,
tetap berada di Facebook,
tetap berada di Facebook,
04:08
because only you see your news feed,
and then it vanishes,
and then it vanishes,
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sebab cuma Anda yang melihat
pasokan berita itu, lalu hilang,
pasokan berita itu, lalu hilang,
04:11
so it's impossible to research anything.
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hingga tak mungkin untuk
meneliti apa pun.
meneliti apa pun.
04:13
So we have no idea who saw what ads
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Maka kami tak tahu siapa yang
melihat iklan-iklan itu
melihat iklan-iklan itu
04:16
or what impact they had,
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atau dampak yang mereka dapat,
04:18
or what data was used
to target these people.
to target these people.
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atau data yang dipakai untuk
menyasar mereka.
menyasar mereka.
04:21
Or even who placed the ads,
or how much money was spent,
or how much money was spent,
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Bahkan siapa pemasang iklannya,
berapa banyak uang yang keluar,
berapa banyak uang yang keluar,
04:24
or even what nationality they were.
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atau bahkan negara asal mereka.
04:28
But Facebook does.
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Tapi Facebook tahu.
04:31
Facebook has these answers,
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Facebook punya jawabannya,
04:33
and it's refused to give them to us.
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dan ia menolak memberikannya
kepada kami.
kepada kami.
04:36
Our parliament has asked Mark Zuckerberg
multiple times to come to Britain
multiple times to come to Britain
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Parlemen kami berulang kali meminta
Mark Zuckerberg datang ke Britania
Mark Zuckerberg datang ke Britania
04:41
and to give us these answers.
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dan memberi kami jawaban itu.
04:43
And every single time, he's refused.
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Setiap kali, ia selalu menolak.
04:47
And you have to wonder why.
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Anda harusnya bertanya-tanya.
04:50
Because what I and other
journalists have uncovered
journalists have uncovered
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Sebab saya dan jurnalis lain mengungkap
04:53
is that multiple crimes
took place during the referendum.
took place during the referendum.
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terjadinya berbagai kejahatan
saat referendum.
saat referendum.
04:56
And they took place on Facebook.
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Dan semua terjadi di Facebook.
05:00
It's because in Britain,
we limit the amount of money
we limit the amount of money
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Di Britania, kami
membatasi jumlah uang
membatasi jumlah uang
05:03
that you can spend in an election.
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yang bisa disalurkan dalam pemilu.
05:05
And it's because in the 19th century,
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Dan itu karena pada abad ke-19,
05:07
people would walk around
with literally wheelbarrows of cash
with literally wheelbarrows of cash
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orang benar-benar membawa
segerobak uang tunai
segerobak uang tunai
05:11
and just buy voters.
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untuk membeli suara.
05:13
So we passed these strict laws
to stop that from happening.
to stop that from happening.
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Maka kami mengesahkan undang-undang
ketat ini untuk menghentikannya.
ketat ini untuk menghentikannya.
05:18
But those laws don't work anymore.
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Tapi undang-undang itu tak berlaku lagi.
05:20
This referendum took place
almost entirely online.
almost entirely online.
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Referendum ini berlangsung hampir
seluruhnya secara daring.
seluruhnya secara daring.
05:24
And you can spend any amount of money
on Facebook or on Google or on YouTube ads
on Facebook or on Google or on YouTube ads
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Anda bisa mengeluarkan sebanyak apa pun
uang di Facebook, Google, Youtube
uang di Facebook, Google, Youtube
05:28
and nobody will know,
because they're black boxes.
because they're black boxes.
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dan tak ada yang tahu,
sebab cara kerjanya disembunyikan.
sebab cara kerjanya disembunyikan.
05:31
And this is what happened.
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Dan inilah yang terjadi.
05:34
We've actually got no idea
of the full extent of it.
of the full extent of it.
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Kami sebenarnya tak tahu
sejauh apa jangkauannya.
sejauh apa jangkauannya.
05:37
But we do know that in the last days
before the Brexit vote,
before the Brexit vote,
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Tapi kami tahu betul, pada hari-hari
menjelang pemungutan suara,
menjelang pemungutan suara,
05:40
the official "Vote Leave" campaign
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kampanye resmi "Vote Leave"
05:42
laundered nearly three quarters
of a million pounds
of a million pounds
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mencuci uang sebanyak hampir
tiga per empat juta pound.
tiga per empat juta pound.
05:46
through another campaign entity
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melalui entitas kampanye lain
05:49
that our electoral commission
has ruled was illegal,
has ruled was illegal,
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yang dinyatakan ilegal oleh
komisi pemilu kami,
komisi pemilu kami,
05:52
and it's referred it to the police.
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dan telah dilaporkan ke polisi.
05:55
And with this illegal cash,
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Dengan uang ilegal ini,
05:59
"Vote Leave" unleashed
a fire hose of disinformation.
a fire hose of disinformation.
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"Vote Leave" melancarkan
serangan informasi sesat.
serangan informasi sesat.
06:05
Ads like this.
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Iklan-iklan seperti ini.
06:06
[Turkey's 76m people joining the EU]
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[76 juta warga Turki masuk UE]
06:08
This is a lie, it's a total lie.
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Ini dusta, sepenuhnya dusta.
06:10
Turkey is not joining the European Union.
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Turki tidak bergabung dengan Uni Eropa.
06:12
There's not even any discussions
of it joining the European Union.
of it joining the European Union.
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Bahkan tak ada diskusi tentang itu.
06:17
And most of us, we never saw these ads,
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Kebanyakan dari kami
tak pernah melihat iklan ini,
tak pernah melihat iklan ini,
06:20
because we were not the target of them.
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sebab kami bukan sasaran mereka.
06:22
"Vote Leave" identified
a tiny sliver of people
a tiny sliver of people
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"Vote Leave" mengidentifikasi
selapis kecil masyarakat
selapis kecil masyarakat
06:26
who it identified as persuadable,
and they saw them.
and they saw them.
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yang dianggap bisa dibujuk,
dan mereka melihat iklannya.
dan mereka melihat iklannya.
06:29
And the only reason
we are seeing these now
we are seeing these now
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Satu-satunya alasan kami
bisa melihatnya sekarang
bisa melihatnya sekarang
06:32
is because parliament forced
Facebook to hand them over.
Facebook to hand them over.
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karena parlemen memaksa
Facebook menyerahkannya.
Facebook menyerahkannya.
06:37
And maybe you think,
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Mungkin Anda pikir,
06:38
"Well, it was just a bit of overspending.
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"Yah, itu hanya kelebihan pengeluaran.
06:40
It's a few lies."
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Itu cuma sedikit dusta."
06:42
But this was the biggest electoral fraud
in Britain for 100 years.
in Britain for 100 years.
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Namun ini adalah kecurangan pemilu
terbesar di Britania sepanjang abad ini.
terbesar di Britania sepanjang abad ini.
06:49
In a once-in-a-generation vote
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Dalam pemilihan sekali seumur hidup
06:52
that hinged upon just
one percent of the electorate.
one percent of the electorate.
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yang hanya bergantung pada
satu persen pemilih.
satu persen pemilih.
06:59
And it was just one of the crimes
that took place in the referendum.
that took place in the referendum.
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Dan itu hanya satu dari berbagai
kejahatan dalam referendum ini.
kejahatan dalam referendum ini.
07:03
There was another group,
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Ada satu tim lain,
07:04
which was headed
by this man, Nigel Farage,
by this man, Nigel Farage,
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yang dikepalai orang ini,
Nigel Farage,
Nigel Farage,
07:09
the one to the right of Trump.
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orang di sebelah kanan Trump.
07:11
And his group, "Leave.EU" --
it also broke the law.
it also broke the law.
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Timnya, "Leave.EU" --
juga melanggar hukum.
juga melanggar hukum.
07:15
It broke British electoral laws
and British data laws,
and British data laws,
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Mereka melanggar hukum pemilu
dan hukum data Britania,
dan hukum data Britania,
07:18
and it's also being
referred to the police.
referred to the police.
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dan juga telah dilaporkan
ke polisi.
ke polisi.
07:22
And this man, Arron Banks,
he funded this campaign.
he funded this campaign.
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Dan orang ini, Arron Banks,
yang mendanai kampanye itu.
yang mendanai kampanye itu.
07:27
And in a completely separate case,
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Dalam kasus terpisah,
07:30
he's being referred
to our National Crime Agency,
to our National Crime Agency,
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ia telah dilaporkan ke
National Crime Agency,
National Crime Agency,
07:34
our equivalent of the FBI,
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badan setara FBI di negara kami,
07:36
because our electoral commission
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sebab komisi pemilu kami
07:38
has concluded they don't know
where his money came from.
where his money came from.
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telah menyimpulkan bahwa sumber
uangnya tak bisa diketahui.
uangnya tak bisa diketahui.
07:41
Or if it was even British.
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Bahkan jika sumbernya dari Britania.
07:44
And I'm not even going to go into
the lies that Arron Banks has told
the lies that Arron Banks has told
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Saya bahkan tidak akan membahas
dusta yang disampaikan Arron Banks
dusta yang disampaikan Arron Banks
07:49
about his covert relationship
with the Russian government.
with the Russian government.
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tentang hubungan rahasianya
dengan pemerintah Rusia.
dengan pemerintah Rusia.
07:54
Or the weird timing of Nigel Farage's
meetings with Julian Assange
meetings with Julian Assange
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Atau janggalnya waktu pertemuan
antara Nigel Farage dengan Julian Assange
antara Nigel Farage dengan Julian Assange
07:58
and with Trump's buddy,
Roger Stone, now indicted,
Roger Stone, now indicted,
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dan dengan kawan Trump,
Roger Stone, kini terdakwa,
Roger Stone, kini terdakwa,
08:01
immediately before
two massive WikiLeaks dumps,
two massive WikiLeaks dumps,
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tepat sebelum dua pembongkaran
besar WikiLeaks,
besar WikiLeaks,
08:05
both of which happened
to benefit Donald Trump.
to benefit Donald Trump.
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yang keduanya kebetulan
menguntungkan Donald Trump.
menguntungkan Donald Trump.
08:07
But I will tell you that Brexit
and Trump were intimately entwined.
and Trump were intimately entwined.
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Tapi saya akan bilang bahwa
Brexit dan Trump berkaitan erat.
Brexit dan Trump berkaitan erat.
08:12
This man told me that Brexit
was the petri dish for Trump.
was the petri dish for Trump.
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Orang ini bilang pada saya bahwa Brexit
adalah cawan petri untuk Trump.
adalah cawan petri untuk Trump.
08:18
And we know it's the same people,
the same companies,
the same companies,
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Dan kita tahu ada orang-orang,
perusahaan yang sama,
perusahaan yang sama,
08:20
the same data, the same techniques,
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dengan data, teknik yang sama,
08:22
the same use of hate and fear.
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memakai rasa benci
dan takut yang sama.
dan takut yang sama.
08:24
This is what they
were posting on Facebook.
were posting on Facebook.
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Ini yang mereka
tayangkan di Facebook.
tayangkan di Facebook.
08:27
And I don't even want to call this a lie,
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Saya bahkan enggan menyebutnya dusta,
08:30
[Immigration without assimilation
equals invasion]
equals invasion]
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[Imigrasi tanpa asimilasi
sama dengan invasi]
sama dengan invasi]
08:32
because it feels more
like a hate crime to me.
like a hate crime to me.
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sebab bagi saya, lebih
seperti kejahatan kebencian.
seperti kejahatan kebencian.
08:38
I don't have to tell you
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Tak perlu memberi tahu Anda
08:40
that hate and fear are being sown online
all across the world.
all across the world.
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bahwa rasa benci dan takut disebarkan
secara daring ke penjuru dunia.
secara daring ke penjuru dunia.
08:46
Not just in Britain and America,
but in France and in Hungary
but in France and in Hungary
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Tidak hanya di Britania dan Amerika,
tapi di Prancis, Hungaria,
tapi di Prancis, Hungaria,
08:49
and Brazil and Myanmar and New Zealand.
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Brasil, Myanmar, dan Selandia Baru.
08:52
And we know there is this dark undertow
which is connecting us all globally.
which is connecting us all globally.
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Dan kita tahu ada arus bawah
yang menghubungkan kita secara global.
yang menghubungkan kita secara global.
08:57
And it is flowing
via the technology platforms.
via the technology platforms.
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Hal itu mengalir lewat
platform-platform teknologi.
platform-platform teknologi.
09:02
But we only see a tiny amount
of what's going on on the surface.
of what's going on on the surface.
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Tapi yang kita lihat hanya
sebagian kecil peristiwa di permukaan.
sebagian kecil peristiwa di permukaan.
09:07
And I only found out anything
about this dark underbelly
about this dark underbelly
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Saya pun menemukan berbagai hal
tentang lapisan terdalam yang gelap ini
tentang lapisan terdalam yang gelap ini
09:12
because I started looking into
Trump's relationship to Farage,
Trump's relationship to Farage,
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karena menyelidiki hubungan
Trump dengan Farage,
Trump dengan Farage,
09:15
into a company called Cambridge Analytica.
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menuju sebuah perusahaan bernama
Cambridge Analytica.
Cambridge Analytica.
09:18
And I spent months tracking down
an ex-employee, Christopher Wiley.
an ex-employee, Christopher Wiley.
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Saya menghabiskan berbulan-bulan melacak
mantan pegawainya, Christopher Wiley.
mantan pegawainya, Christopher Wiley.
09:23
And he told me how this company,
that worked for both Trump and Brexit,
that worked for both Trump and Brexit,
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Dia bercerita bagaimana perusahaan ini,
bekerja untuk Trump dan Brexit,
bekerja untuk Trump dan Brexit,
09:28
had profiled people politically
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membuat profil politik banyak orang
09:31
in order to understand
their individual fears,
their individual fears,
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demi memahami ketakutan mereka
masing-masing,
masing-masing,
09:35
to better target them with Facebook ads.
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untuk lebih mudah menyasar mereka
dengan iklan di Facebook.
dengan iklan di Facebook.
09:39
And it did this by illicitly
harvesting the profiles
harvesting the profiles
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Ini dilakukan secara terlarang
dengan mengumpulkan profil
dengan mengumpulkan profil
09:44
of 87 million people from Facebook.
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87 juta orang di Facebook.
09:50
It took an entire year's work
to get Christopher on the record.
to get Christopher on the record.
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Butuh usaha setahun penuh
agar Christopher mau diwawancarai.
agar Christopher mau diwawancarai.
09:55
And I had to turn myself
from a feature writer
from a feature writer
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Saya harus mengubah diri
dari penulis feature
dari penulis feature
09:57
into an investigative reporter to do it.
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menjadi reporter investigasi
untuk melakukannya.
untuk melakukannya.
10:00
And he was extraordinarily brave,
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Dan ia luar biasa pemberani,
10:02
because the company
is owned by Robert Mercer,
is owned by Robert Mercer,
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karena perusahaan ini
dimiliki oleh Robert Mercer,
dimiliki oleh Robert Mercer,
10:05
the billionaire who bankrolled Trump,
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miliarder yang membiayai Trump,
10:07
and he threatened
to sue us multiple times,
to sue us multiple times,
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yang berulang kali mengancam
akan menuntut kami,
akan menuntut kami,
10:10
to stop us from publishing.
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agar kami tidak
menerbitkannya.
menerbitkannya.
10:13
But we finally got there,
and we were one day ahead of publication.
and we were one day ahead of publication.
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Tapi kami hampir berhasil,
tinggal satu hari menuju hari terbit.
tinggal satu hari menuju hari terbit.
10:16
We got another legal threat.
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Kami dapat ancaman hukum yang lain.
10:19
Not from Cambridge Analytica this time,
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Kali ini bukan Cambridge Analytica,
10:21
but from Facebook.
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tapi dari Facebook.
10:24
It told us that if we publish,
they would sue us.
they would sue us.
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Katanya, jika kami terbitkan,
mereka akan menuntut kami.
mereka akan menuntut kami.
10:28
We did it anyway.
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Kami tetap melakukannya.
10:30
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
10:40
Facebook, you were
on the wrong side of history in that.
on the wrong side of history in that.
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Facebook, kalian berpihak
pada sisi sejarah yang salah kala itu.
pada sisi sejarah yang salah kala itu.
10:44
And you were on the wrong side
of history in this --
of history in this --
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Dan kalian berpihak pada
sisi yang salah kali ini --
sisi yang salah kali ini --
10:48
in refusing to give us
the answers that we need.
the answers that we need.
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dengan menolak memberikan
jawaban yang kami butuhkan.
jawaban yang kami butuhkan.
10:52
And that is why I am here.
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Dan karena itulah saya di sini.
10:55
To address you directly,
the gods of Silicon Valley.
the gods of Silicon Valley.
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Untuk menyampaikan langsung
kepada para dewa Silicon Valley.
kepada para dewa Silicon Valley.
10:59
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
11:03
Mark Zuckerberg ...
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Mark Zuckerberg ...
11:05
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
11:06
and Sheryl Sandberg and Larry Page
and Sergey Brin and Jack Dorsey,
and Sergey Brin and Jack Dorsey,
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dan Sheryl Sandberg dan Larry Page
dan Sergey Brin dan Jack Dorsey,
dan Sergey Brin dan Jack Dorsey,
11:15
and your employees
and your investors, too.
and your investors, too.
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dan pegawai kalian,
juga investor kalian.
juga investor kalian.
11:19
Because 100 years ago,
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Karena seabad lalu,
11:21
the biggest danger in the South Wales
coal mines was gas.
coal mines was gas.
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bahaya terbesar di tambang
Wales Selatan adalah gas.
Wales Selatan adalah gas.
11:24
Silent and deadly and invisible.
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Senyap, mematikan, dan
tak terlihat.
tak terlihat.
11:26
It's why they sent the canaries
down first to check the air.
down first to check the air.
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Sebab itulah mereka melepas kenari
dahulu untuk mengecek udara.
dahulu untuk mengecek udara.
11:29
And in this massive, global, online
experiment that we are all living through,
experiment that we are all living through,
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Dalam eksperimen daring, yang masif
dan global, yang sedang kita hidupi ini,
dan global, yang sedang kita hidupi ini,
11:33
we in Britain are the canary.
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kami di Britania menjadi kenarinya.
11:36
We are what happens to a western democracy
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Kamilah akibat atas demokrasi Barat
11:39
when a hundred years of electoral laws
are disrupted by technology.
are disrupted by technology.
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saat hukum pemilu berumur ratusan tahunnya
diganggu oleh teknologi.
diganggu oleh teknologi.
11:45
Our democracy is broken,
our laws don't work anymore,
our laws don't work anymore,
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Demokrasi kami hancur,
hukum kami tak lagi berjalan,
hukum kami tak lagi berjalan,
11:48
and it's not me saying this,
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dan bukan saya yang berkata begini,
11:50
it's our parliament published
a report saying this.
a report saying this.
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parlemen kami telah menerbitkan
laporan yang berkata begini.
laporan yang berkata begini.
11:55
This technology that you have
invented has been amazing.
invented has been amazing.
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Teknologi yang kalian temukan ini
memang menjadi menakjubkan.
memang menjadi menakjubkan.
12:00
But now, it's a crime scene.
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Tapi kini, telah menjadi TKP.
12:03
And you have the evidence.
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Dan kalian memiliki barang buktinya.
12:07
And it is not enough to say
that you will do better in the future.
that you will do better in the future.
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Tak cukup hanya berkata bahwa
kalian akan lebih baik di masa depan.
kalian akan lebih baik di masa depan.
12:12
Because to have any hope
of stopping this from happening again,
of stopping this from happening again,
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Karena untuk berharap semua ini
tak akan terjadi lagi,
tak akan terjadi lagi,
12:17
we have to know the truth.
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kami butuh kebenaran.
12:21
And maybe you think,
"Well, it was just a few ads.
"Well, it was just a few ads.
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Mungkin kalian pikir,
"Yah, cuma sedikit iklan.
"Yah, cuma sedikit iklan.
12:24
And people are smarter than that, right?"
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Dan orang-orang tentu lebih pintar, kan?"
12:28
To which I would say,
"Good luck with that."
"Good luck with that."
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Yang akan saya tanggapi dengan,
"Coba saja."
"Coba saja."
12:32
Because what the Brexit vote demonstrates
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Karena yang telah ditunjukkan Brexit
12:35
is that liberal democracy is broken.
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adalah kehancuran demokrasi liberal.
12:39
And you broke it.
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Dan kalian
penghancurnya.
penghancurnya.
12:42
This is not democracy --
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Ini bukan demokrasi --
12:44
spreading lies in darkness,
paid for with illegal cash,
paid for with illegal cash,
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menyebar dusta dalam gelap,
membayarnya dengan uang ilegal,
membayarnya dengan uang ilegal,
12:50
from God knows where.
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entah dari mana asalnya.
12:53
It's subversion,
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Ini subversi,
12:55
and you are accessories to it.
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dan kalian adalah perangkatnya.
13:00
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
13:09
Our parliament has been
the first in the world
the first in the world
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Parlemen kami menjadi
yang pertama di dunia
yang pertama di dunia
13:13
to try to hold you to account,
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untuk mencoba membuat kalian
bertanggung jawa,
bertanggung jawa,
13:15
and it's failed.
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dan mereka gagal.
13:17
You are literally beyond the reach
of British law -- not just British laws,
of British law -- not just British laws,
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Kalian sungguh berada di luar jangkauan
hukum Britania -- bukan cuma Britania
hukum Britania -- bukan cuma Britania
13:22
this is nine parliaments,
nine countries are represented here,
nine countries are represented here,
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ini adalah sembilan parlemen,
perwakilan sembilan negara,
perwakilan sembilan negara,
13:25
who Mark Zuckerberg refused
to come and give evidence to.
to come and give evidence to.
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yang ditampik Mark Zuckerberg
untuk datang dan memberi barang bukti.
untuk datang dan memberi barang bukti.
13:30
And what you don't seem to understand
is that this is bigger than you.
is that this is bigger than you.
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Yang tampak tidak kalian mengerti
adalah hal ini lebih besar dari kalian.
adalah hal ini lebih besar dari kalian.
13:35
And it's bigger than any of us.
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Lebih besar dari kita semua.
13:37
And it is not about left or right
or "Leave" or "Remain" or Trump or not.
or "Leave" or "Remain" or Trump or not.
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Bukan tentang politik kiri atau kanan,
"Keluar" atau "Tetap", Trump atau bukan.
"Keluar" atau "Tetap", Trump atau bukan.
13:43
It's about whether it's actually possible
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Ini tentang apakah kita masih bisa
13:45
to have a free and fair
election ever again.
election ever again.
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mengadakan pemilu yang bebas dan adil.
13:48
Because as it stands, I don't think it is.
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Karena dalam kondisi sekarang,
saya pikir tidak.
saya pikir tidak.
13:52
And so my question to you is,
is this what you want?
is this what you want?
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Maka pertanyaan saya bagi kalian,
inikah yang kalian mau?
inikah yang kalian mau?
13:57
Is this how you want
history to remember you:
history to remember you:
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Beginikah yang kalian ingin
sejarah ingat tentang kalian:
sejarah ingat tentang kalian:
14:01
as the handmaidens to authoritarianism
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sebagai hamba dari kekuasaan otoriter
14:05
that is on the rise all across the world?
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yang sedang bangkit di penjuru dunia?
14:10
Because you set out to connect people.
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Kalian memulai dengan menghubungkan orang.
14:13
And you are refusing to acknowledge
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Dan kalian menolak mengakui
14:15
that the same technology
is now driving us apart.
is now driving us apart.
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bahwa kini teknologi yang sama
sedang memecah belah kita semua.
sedang memecah belah kita semua.
14:21
And my question to everybody else is,
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Dan pertanyaan saya
bagi Anda yang lainnya,
bagi Anda yang lainnya,
14:23
is this what we want:
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inikah yang kita inginkan:
14:25
to let them get away with it,
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membiarkan mereka lari begitu saja,
14:28
and to sit back and play with our phones,
as this darkness falls?
as this darkness falls?
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hanya duduk, bermain dengan ponsel,
seiring dunia semakin gelap?
seiring dunia semakin gelap?
14:34
The history of the South Wales Valleys
is of a fight for rights.
is of a fight for rights.
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Sejarah Lembah Wales Selatan
memuat perjuangan akan hak.
memuat perjuangan akan hak.
14:40
And this is not a drill --
it's a point of inflection.
it's a point of inflection.
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Dan ini bukan latihan --
ini titik tolaknya.
ini titik tolaknya.
14:45
Democracy is not guaranteed,
and it is not inevitable,
and it is not inevitable,
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Demokrasi tak lagi terjamin,
dan bisa terhindarkan,
dan bisa terhindarkan,
14:49
and we have to fight and we have to win
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kita harus berjuang dan harus menang,
14:51
and we cannot let these tech companies
have this unchecked power.
have this unchecked power.
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kita tak bisa membiarkan perusahaan
teknologi memiliki kuasa tak terkendali.
teknologi memiliki kuasa tak terkendali.
14:56
It's up to us -- you, me and all of us.
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Semua tergantung kita --
Anda, saya, kita semua.
Anda, saya, kita semua.
14:59
We are the ones
who have to take back control.
who have to take back control.
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Kitalah yang harus mengambil
kembali kendali itu.
kembali kendali itu.
15:04
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
15:07
(Cheers)
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(Sorak)
15:10
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carole Cadwalladr - Investigative journalistCarole Cadwalladr is a British investigative journalist and features writer.
Why you should listen
Carole Cadwalladr is a journalist for the Guardian and Observer in the United Kingdom. She worked for a year with whistleblower Christopher Wylie to publish her investigation into Cambridge Analytica, which she shared with the New York Times. The investigation resulted in Mark Zuckerberg being called before Congress and Facebook losing more than $100 billion from its share price. She has also uncovered multiple crimes committed during the European referendum and evidence of Russian interference in Brexit. Her work has won a Polk Award and the Orwell Prize for political journalism, and she was named a Pulitzer Prize finalist for National Reporting in 2019. Of her award-winning work, judge Sir David Bell wrote: She "deserves high praise for the quality of her research and for her determination to shed fierce light on a story which seems by no means over yet. Orwell would have loved it."
Carole Cadwalladr | Speaker | TED.com