Aaswath Raman: How we can turn the cold of outer space into a renewable resource
アースワス・ラマン: 宇宙の「冷たさ」を再生可能な資源に変えるには
Aaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials. Full bio
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to visit my grandparents,
are pretty mild at best --
穏やかという程度です
or 72 degrees Fahrenheit
華氏なら72度くらいが
and not too hot.
さほど暑くありません
is a hot and humid place
or 90s Fahrenheit.
or sleep in such weather?"
寝ることができるの?」と尋ねました
didn't have an air conditioner.
エアコンを持っていませんでした
to persuade them to get one.
説得するのは無理でした
急速に変わりつつあります
collectively account for 17 percent
世界の全電力使用の
from the air conditioners
私が夏休みに
during my summer vacations,
欲しかったエアコンも
that keep our food safe and cold for us
スーパーマーケットの冷蔵システムも
that keep our data centers operational.
工業的な規模のシステムも含みます
account for eight percent
世界の温室効果ガス発生量の
might grow sixfold by the year 2050,
2050年までに6倍に膨らみ
in Asian and African countries.
激増する可能性があります
in and around my grandmother's place
ほとんどのアパートで
人々にとって
and productivity
生産性といった点では
alarming things about climate change
憂慮すべきなのは
cooling systems --
必要になる上に
emitters of greenhouse gas emissions.
巨大な発生源となるのです
to cause a feedback loop,
of greenhouse gases
温室効果ガスの最大の発生源となる
kilowatt-hours of electricity every year,
毎年10兆キロワット時を超える電力が
半分に当たります
to an amazing opportunity.
チャンスを与えてくれます
in the efficiency of every cooling system
1〜2割向上するだけで
on our greenhouse gas emissions,
大きな影響を与えられるかもしれません
that worst-case feedback loop.
役立つかもしれません
about light and heat.
allow us to alter the flow
それまでは不可能と考えられていた方法で
改変できるか研究しています
once thought impossible.
the value of cooling
working on this problem
that I came across about six years ago.
知的難問がきっかけです
able to make ice in desert climates?
どのように氷を作れたのか?
located in the southwest of Iran.
イランの南西にあるものです
of such structures throughout Iran,
throughout the rest of the Middle East
中国に至るまで存在することが
this ice house many centuries ago,
氷の部屋を利用していた人々は
in the pool you see on the left
as the sun set.
水を注ぎました
might be above freezing,
or 41 degrees Fahrenheit,
華氏41度くらいで
in the early morning hours
you see on the right,
something very similar at play
目にしたことがあるかもしれません
on the ground on a clear night,
気温が氷点よりずっと高くても
is well above freezing.
気づいたことがあるでしょう
if the air temperature is above freezing?
水が凍るのでしょうか?
水が凍るほどではありません
cause the water to become ice.
cooling on a window sill.
冷やすことを考えてください
its heat needs to flow somewhere cooler.
熱を逃す必要があります
is actually flowing to the cold of space.
冷たい宇宙へと流れるのです
like most natural materials,
水槽の水は
known as thermal radiation.
as infrared light right now,
熱を赤外線として
with thermal cameras
like the ones I'm showing you right now.
今見て頂いている様な画像です
is sending out its heat
that's responsible for climate change.
温室効果です
to understand.
all of that heat.
on a much warmer planet.
地球はもっと温暖な惑星になったはずです
eight and 13 microns,
as a transmission window.
that goes up as infrared light
効果的に大気の外側に逃がし
carrying away that pool's heat.
that is much, much colder.
逃げていくのです
as minus 270 degrees Celsius,
あるいは
to send out more heat to the sky
below its surroundings' temperature.
known as night-sky cooling
あるいは 放射冷却として
by climate scientists and meteorologists
とても重要な自然現象として
of my PhD at Stanford.
終える頃でした
simplicity as a cooling method,
明らかな単純さに
had investigated this idea
10年近くこのアイデアについて
at least one big problem.
大きな問題があります
cooling for a reason.
理由があります
that's doing the cooling,
something cold the most,
you're going to look up to the sun.
this cooling effect.
spend a lot of our time
we can structure materials
作る方法を考えています
new and useful things with light --
新しい価値あることができるように
than the wavelength of light itself.
小さなものです
or metamaterials research,
ここから発想を得て
to make this possible during the day
放射冷却を可能にする方法が
a multilayer optical material
多層光材料を設計しました
than a typical human hair.
40分の1未満です
two things simultaneously.
lets that heat out the best.
is it avoids getting heated up by the sun.
was on a rooftop in Stanford
スタンフォードの屋上でしたが
and counterintuitive this is:
直観から外れているかというと
out of the shade,
太陽が射していても
from our very first experiment,
最初の実験のデータです
more than five degrees Celsius,
気温と比べて摂氏5度以上
than the air temperature,
低い状態を保ちました
was shining directly on it.
to actually make this material
大規模に製造する方法は
do we make something cool,
to do something real and make it useful.
得られたかもしれないからです
save energy with this idea?
どう実現するか?
to save energy with this technology
最も直接的な方法は
and refrigeration systems.
信じています
fluid cooling panels,
to solar water heaters,
太陽熱温水器のような形状ですが
they cool the water, passively,
エネルギーを使わず水を冷却します
be integrated with a component
冷却システムが備える
called a condenser,
組み合わせることができ
underlying efficiency.
SkyCool Systemsは
in Davis, California, shown right here.
実地試験を完了しました
improve the efficiency
as much as 12 percent in the field.
to its first commercial-scale pilots
商用規模での試験運用が
and refrigeration space.
to integrate these kinds of panels
building cooling systems
usage by two-thirds.
減らせるかもしれません
be able to build a cooling system
actually maintain
below the air temperature
維持できることを実証しました
on a hot summer's day.
about all we can do for cooling,
ワクワクしながら
to a more profound opportunity
とても意義深い機会に
地球上のあらゆる
効率向上に使うことができるのです
process here on earth.
I'd like to highlight are solar cells.
太陽電池です
それに連れ効率が下がります
the hotter they are.
with deliberate kinds of microstructures
冷却効果を利用して
of this cooling effect
at a lower temperature.
低温に保てることを実証しました
to operate more efficiently.
of opportunities further.
we can use the cold of space
水の節約や
generate power with this cold.
エネルギーを作れるかもしれないのです
between us here on earth
something called a heat engine
電気を発生させられます
power-generation device
夜間発電機器を作成し
amounts of electricity
実用的な量の電力を
is being able to manage
私たちに身近な
that's all around us.
思う通りに操れたら
the flows of heat and energy
熱とエネルギーの流れを
with the cold darkness of space,
where we, as a civilization,
our thermal energy footprint
熱エネルギーの消費を
this ability in our toolkit
この力を持つことが
you're walking around outside,
is essential to life on earth itself,
どれほど大切なものかに驚きつつ
has something to offer us as well.
忘れてはいけません
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaswath Raman - Applied physicist, engineerAaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials.
Why you should listen
Aaswath Raman is an assistant professor of electrical and systems engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also co-founder of a clean energy startup, SkyCool Systems, where he is its chief scientific officer. He initiated and led the development of radiative sky cooling, a technology that he originated as a research associate at Stanford University, beginning in 2012.
Raman is deeply interested in the intersection of science, technology and development work, and he has previously collaborated on projects to redesign refugee camps with UNHCR and to rethink governance in rural Sierra Leone. In recognition of his breakthroughs in developing radiative sky cooling, in 2015 he was named one of MIT Technology Review's "Innovators Under 35."
Aaswath Raman | Speaker | TED.com