Aaswath Raman: How we can turn the cold of outer space into a renewable resource
Aaswath Raman: Como podemos converter o frio do espaço em um recurso renovável
Aaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials. Full bio
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to visit my grandparents,
para visitar os meus avós,
are pretty mild at best --
na melhor das hipóteses.
or 72 degrees Fahrenheit
é de 22 °C, não muito quente.
and not too hot.
is a hot and humid place
facilmente chegando aos 30 ºC.
or 90s Fahrenheit.
or sleep in such weather?"
ou dormir com esse tempo?"
didn't have an air conditioner.
não tinham ar-condicionado.
to persuade them to get one.
os meus avós a comprarem um.
collectively account for 17 percent
representam atualmente 17%
from the air conditioners
during my summer vacations,
that keep our food safe and cold for us
que mantêm a comida segura e fria
that keep our data centers operational.
que mantêm centros de dados funcionando.
account for eight percent
might grow sixfold by the year 2050,
será seis vezes maior em 2050,
in Asian and African countries.
asiáticos e africanos.
in and around my grandmother's place
da vizinhança dos meus avós
and productivity
e a produtividade
em climas mais quentes.
alarming things about climate change
sobre as mudanças climáticas
cooling systems --
de sistemas de resfriamento
emitters of greenhouse gas emissions.
de gases do efeito estufa.
to cause a feedback loop,
em que os sistemas de resfriamento
de emissão de gases do efeito estufa
of greenhouse gases
kilowatt-hours of electricity every year,
de energia elétrica por ano,
to an amazing opportunity.
uma oportunidade incrível.
in the efficiency of every cooling system
na eficiência do sistema de resfriamento
on our greenhouse gas emissions,
na emissão de gases do efeito estufa,
that worst-case feedback loop.
o pior dos cenários.
about light and heat.
muito sobre luz e calor,
allow us to alter the flow
podem alterar a circulação
once thought impossible.
the value of cooling
o valor do resfriamento
working on this problem
that I came across about six years ago.
bem complicado seis anos atrás.
able to make ice in desert climates?
em climas desérticos?
located in the southwest of Iran.
localizada no sudoeste do Irã.
of such structures throughout Iran,
em ruínas como essa no Irã,
throughout the rest of the Middle East
ao longo do Oriente Médio
this ice house many centuries ago,
nessa casa de gelo muitos séculos atrás
in the pool you see on the left
as the sun set.
do anoitecer, ao pôr do sol.
might be above freezing,
estivesse acima de zero,
or 41 degrees Fahrenheit,
in the early morning hours
era coletado de manhã cedo
you see on the right,
something very similar at play
on the ground on a clear night,
em uma noite de céu aberto,
is well above freezing.
estava bem acima de zero.
if the air temperature is above freezing?
se a temperatura está acima de zero?
cause the water to become ice.
para transformar a água em gelo.
cooling on a window sill.
no parapeito da janela.
its heat needs to flow somewhere cooler.
fluir para um lugar mais frio,
is actually flowing to the cold of space.
fluindo para o frio do espaço.
like most natural materials,
como muitos materiais naturais,
known as thermal radiation.
como radiação térmica.
as infrared light right now,
por luz infravermelha,
with thermal cameras
através de câmeras térmicas,
like the ones I'm showing you right now.
como esta que estou mostrando.
is sending out its heat
that's responsible for climate change.
pelas mudanças climáticas.
to understand.
all of that heat.
não absorve todo o calor.
on a much warmer planet.
seria bem mais quente.
eight and 13 microns,
as a transmission window.
uma janela de transmissão.
that goes up as infrared light
emitido por luz infravermelha escape,
carrying away that pool's heat.
that is much, much colder.
as minus 270 degrees Celsius,
to send out more heat to the sky
below its surroundings' temperature.
que a temperatura ao seu redor.
known as night-sky cooling
como resfriamento radiante noturno
by climate scientists and meteorologists
sempre o consideraram
of my PhD at Stanford.
simplicity as a cooling method,
do método de resfriamento,
had investigated this idea
investigaram essa ideia
at least one big problem.
cooling for a reason.
"resfriamento radiante noturno".
that's doing the cooling,
something cold the most,
you're going to look up to the sun.
this cooling effect.
o efeito de resfriamento.
spend a lot of our time
we can structure materials
em escalas bem pequenas
new and useful things with light --
sejam feitas com a luz,
than the wavelength of light itself.
que o comprimento da luz.
e de pesquisas em metamaterias,
or metamaterials research,
de tornar isso possível durante o dia
to make this possible during the day
a multilayer optical material
óptico de multicamadas,
than a typical human hair.
que um fio de cabelo
two things simultaneously.
ao mesmo tempo.
lets that heat out the best.
permite que esse calor escape melhor.
is it avoids getting heated up by the sun.
was on a rooftop in Stanford
no telhado de Stanford,
do lado de fora por um tempo,
and counterintuitive this is:
estranho e contraintuitivo é isso:
out of the shade,
quando não estão na sombra,
brilhando sobre ele.
from our very first experiment,
more than five degrees Celsius,
que a temperatura do ar,
than the air temperature,
was shining directly on it.
diretamente nele.
to actually make this material
para fazer esse material
do we make something cool,
fazendo algo bacana,
to do something real and make it useful.
de fazer algo efetivo e também útil.
save energy with this idea?
to save energy with this technology
de economizar energia com essa tecnologia
e os sistemas de resfriamento.
and refrigeration systems.
com fluido de resfriamento,
fluid cooling panels,
to solar water heaters,
aos painéis solares,
they cool the water, passively,
o nosso material específico.
be integrated with a component
com um componente
called a condenser,
de resfriamento, um condensador,
underlying efficiency.
básica do sistema.
in Davis, California, shown right here.
de campo em Davis, na Califórnia.
improve the efficiency
melhorar a eficiência
as much as 12 percent in the field.
to its first commercial-scale pilots
as primeiras unidades em escala comercial
and refrigeration space.
to integrate these kinds of panels
desenvolver esses painéis
building cooling systems
construindo sistemas de resfriamento
usage by two-thirds.
de energia em dois terços.
be able to build a cooling system
construir um sistema de resfriamento
eu e meus colegas de Stanford
actually maintain
below the air temperature
da temperatura do ar
on a hot summer's day.
em um dia quente de verão.
about all we can do for cooling,
sobre as possibilidades de resfriamento,
to a more profound opportunity
a uma grande oportunidade
process here on earth.
que envolva energia.
I'd like to highlight are solar cells.
the hotter they are.
menos eficientes são.
with deliberate kinds of microstructures
em cima de uma célula solar,
of this cooling effect
do efeito de resfriamento
at a lower temperature.
em uma temperatura mais baixa.
to operate more efficiently.
seja mais eficiente.
of opportunities further.
mais a fundo essas oportunidades.
we can use the cold of space
usar o frio do espaço
independentes de energia.
generate power with this cold.
gerar energia com esse frio.
between us here on earth
de temperatura entre a Terra
something called a heat engine
power-generation device
com geração de energia à noite
amounts of electricity
suficiente de eletricidade
is being able to manage
é essencial saber como lidar
that's all around us.
que está ao nosso redor.
por luz infravermelha.
the flows of heat and energy
de calor e de energia
ao nosso redor todos os dias.
with the cold darkness of space,
escuridão do espaço
where we, as a civilization,
onde nós, como civilização,
our thermal energy footprint
com a nossa pegada de energia térmica
as mudanças climáticas,
this ability in our toolkit
you're walking around outside,
que você andar por aí,
is essential to life on earth itself,
do sol para a vida na Terra,
has something to offer us as well.
também tem algo a nos oferecer.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaswath Raman - Applied physicist, engineerAaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials.
Why you should listen
Aaswath Raman is an assistant professor of electrical and systems engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also co-founder of a clean energy startup, SkyCool Systems, where he is its chief scientific officer. He initiated and led the development of radiative sky cooling, a technology that he originated as a research associate at Stanford University, beginning in 2012.
Raman is deeply interested in the intersection of science, technology and development work, and he has previously collaborated on projects to redesign refugee camps with UNHCR and to rethink governance in rural Sierra Leone. In recognition of his breakthroughs in developing radiative sky cooling, in 2015 he was named one of MIT Technology Review's "Innovators Under 35."
Aaswath Raman | Speaker | TED.com