Aaswath Raman: How we can turn the cold of outer space into a renewable resource
Асват Раман (Aaswath Raman): Како можемо претворити хладноћу свемира у обновљиви ресурс
Aaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials. Full bio
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to visit my grandparents,
да посетим баку и деку
are pretty mild at best --
or 72 degrees Fahrenheit
and not too hot.
не превише врео.
is a hot and humid place
or 90s Fahrenheit.
или 90 степени фаренхајта.
or sleep in such weather?"
или спава по оваквом времену?"
didn't have an air conditioner.
нису имали клима-уређај.
to persuade them to get one.
collectively account for 17 percent
свеукупно имају учешће од 17 посто
from the air conditioners
during my summer vacations,
током летњих распуста,
that keep our food safe and cold for us
који чувају и хладе храну
that keep our data centers operational.
центре за управљање подацима.
account for eight percent
са 8 посто у емисији гасова
енергије за хлађење
might grow sixfold by the year 2050,
in Asian and African countries.
у азијским и афричким земљама.
in and around my grandmother's place
and productivity
са топлијом климом.
alarming things about climate change
у вези са климатским променама је да,
cooling systems --
emitters of greenhouse gas emissions.
ефекту стаклене баште емисијом гасова.
to cause a feedback loop,
of greenhouse gases
ефекта стаклене баште
kilowatt-hours of electricity every year,
киловат сати годишње,
електричном енергијом.
to an amazing opportunity.
на једну невероватну могућност.
in the efficiency of every cooling system
расхладних система за 10 до 20 посто
on our greenhouse gas emissions,
на емисију гасова,
that worst-case feedback loop.
најгори случај затвореног круга.
about light and heat.
о светлости и топлоти.
allow us to alter the flow
дозвољавају да изменимо ток
once thought impossible.
the value of cooling
working on this problem
да решим овај проблем,
that I came across about six years ago.
загонетка пре шест година.
able to make ice in desert climates?
у пустињској клими?
located in the southwest of Iran.
на југозападу Ирана.
of such structures throughout Iran,
широм Ирана,
throughout the rest of the Middle East
широм Средњег истока,
this ice house many centuries ago,
пре много векова,
in the pool you see on the left
as the sun set.
might be above freezing,
била изнад смрзавања,
or 41 degrees Fahrenheit,
in the early morning hours
у раним јутарњим сатима
you see on the right,
something very similar at play
on the ground on a clear night,
кад је ведра ноћ,
is well above freezing.
изнад тачке замрзавања.
if the air temperature is above freezing?
иако је температура у плусу?
cause the water to become ice.
да се вода претвори у лед.
cooling on a window sill.
its heat needs to flow somewhere cooler.
мора да струји негде где је хладније.
is actually flowing to the cold of space.
у хладан свемир.
like most natural materials,
као већина природних материјала,
known as thermal radiation.
as infrared light right now,
као инфрацрвено светло,
with thermal cameras
термалним камерама
like the ones I'm showing you right now.
is sending out its heat
и враћају је назад.
that's responsible for climate change.
који је одговоран за климатске промене.
to understand.
коју треба разумети.
all of that heat.
on a much warmer planet.
планета би била много топлија.
eight and 13 microns,
as a transmission window.
прозор за пренос.
that goes up as infrared light
које се диже као инфрацрвено светло
carrying away that pool's heat.
that is much, much colder.
које је много, много хладније.
as minus 270 degrees Celsius,
to send out more heat to the sky
више топлоте према небу,
below its surroundings' temperature.
температуру од околне.
known as night-sky cooling
by climate scientists and meteorologists
of my PhD at Stanford.
simplicity as a cooling method,
једноставна метода хлађења,
had investigated this idea
at least one big problem.
један велики проблем.
cooling for a reason.
that's doing the cooling,
something cold the most,
охладимо што је могуће више,
you're going to look up to the sun.
this cooling effect.
супротставља ефекту хлађења.
spend a lot of our time
we can structure materials
new and useful things with light --
than the wavelength of light itself.
од таласне дужине светлости.
or metamaterials research,
to make this possible during the day
да се ово постигне
a multilayer optical material
вишеслојни оптички материјал
than a typical human hair.
two things simultaneously.
lets that heat out the best.
најбоље пропушта топлоту.
is it avoids getting heated up by the sun.
was on a rooftop in Stanford
на крову Станфорда,
and counterintuitive this is:
чудно и нелогично,
out of the shade,
када их извадимо из сенке,
from our very first experiment,
more than five degrees Celsius,
than the air temperature,
was shining directly on it.
to actually make this material
do we make something cool,
to do something real and make it useful.
да урадимо нешто стварно и корисно.
save energy with this idea?
овом идејом?
to save energy with this technology
and refrigeration systems.
fluid cooling panels,
to solar water heaters,
they cool the water, passively,
be integrated with a component
са кондензатирима,
called a condenser,
underlying efficiency.
in Davis, California, shown right here.
у Дејвису у Калифорнији, као што видите.
improve the efficiency
as much as 12 percent in the field.
to its first commercial-scale pilots
and refrigeration space.
и расхладних уређаја.
to integrate these kinds of panels
уградити овакве панеле
building cooling systems
usage by two-thirds.
за две трећине.
be able to build a cooling system
расхладне системе
actually maintain
below the air temperature
on a hot summer's day.
у врелом, летњем дану.
about all we can do for cooling,
што можемо чинити за расхлађивање,
to a more profound opportunity
process here on earth.
I'd like to highlight are solar cells.
су соларне ћелије.
the hotter they are.
with deliberate kinds of microstructures
микроструктурама
of this cooling effect
at a lower temperature.
на нижој температури.
to operate more efficiently.
of opportunities further.
we can use the cold of space
хладноћа из свемира
независно од мреже.
generate power with this cold.
помоћу ове хладноће.
between us here on earth
something called a heat engine
power-generation device
уређај за прозводњу енергије
amounts of electricity
is being able to manage
that's all around us.
у инфрацрвеној светлости.
the flows of heat and energy
ток топлоте и енергије
with the cold darkness of space,
са хладном тамом свемира,
where we, as a civilization,
као цивилизација, управљали
our thermal energy footprint
са климатским променама,
this ability in our toolkit
you're walking around outside,
is essential to life on earth itself,
суштинско за живот на земљи,
has something to offer us as well.
има нешто да нам понуди.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aaswath Raman - Applied physicist, engineerAaswath Raman is a scientist passionate about harnessing new sources of energy, mitigating climate change and more intelligently understanding the world around us -- by better manipulating light and heat using nanoscale materials.
Why you should listen
Aaswath Raman is an assistant professor of electrical and systems engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also co-founder of a clean energy startup, SkyCool Systems, where he is its chief scientific officer. He initiated and led the development of radiative sky cooling, a technology that he originated as a research associate at Stanford University, beginning in 2012.
Raman is deeply interested in the intersection of science, technology and development work, and he has previously collaborated on projects to redesign refugee camps with UNHCR and to rethink governance in rural Sierra Leone. In recognition of his breakthroughs in developing radiative sky cooling, in 2015 he was named one of MIT Technology Review's "Innovators Under 35."
Aaswath Raman | Speaker | TED.com