Mark Raymond: Victims of the city
Mark Raymond’s work as an architect in Trinidad and Tobago is founded on the belief that thoughtfully designed cities can foster sustainability and inclusiveness throughout a society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the theme of changing conversations.
강연해 달라는 부탁을 받았어요.
in the field that I'm in,
within architecture
the way that we look at things.
바뀔 때가 된 거죠.
with architectural projects,
여러 건축 사업에 참여했고
much more with the landscape.
주안점을 둔 사업에 참여하고 있습니다.
in which design can contribute
to effect social change.
to talk to you today about.
이야기를 해보려 합니다.
to talk a little bit about architecture,
알아 보는 게 좋겠네요.
mystical activity.
여기는 것 같거든요.
잘 아는 사람은 많지 않고
the architects know what they're doing.
알고 있는지 의심이 들 때도 많아요.
이렇게 시도하고 받아들이며
I'm not talking about the profession.
말씀드리려는 것이 아닙니다.
pursued by a select group of people
특정인들만이 할 수 있는 것을
in the bigger sense:
이야기 해보려는데
of the room that we're in,
that is the creation of shelter,
of spaces between buildings,
상호작용이라 할 수 있어요.
of the built environment --
20 or 30 years,
and exciting advancements
is that our perception of the world
a lot of our lives,
or television screens
or in the workplace
들여다 보면서요.
our perception of the world.
사고 방식이 축소되어 왔어요.
but it can reduce it,
축소되기도 하니까요.
or our notion of certain concepts
어떤 개념에 대한 발상이나 의향,
maybe a lot more pervasive
발전할 수 있는데
전달하기엔 벅찬 일이죠.
about architecture.
건축의 본질이라고 생각해요.
to thinking about architecture
two-dimensional way, in a flat way,
what it looks like, how it appears,
or just a sensory experience.
감각적 체험 이상입니다.
그게 다는 아니죠.
and a big part of design
설계의 중요한 부분은
in which that design exists
어떻게 존재할 것인지 말이죠.
예측하고, 계획하는 것인데
to try and predict or project
or where the urban space
is going to be located,
what are the activities
in that space.
the programmatic aspects of architecture,
말할 수 있습니다.
we've tended to privilege
더 중요하게 여기고
or desire about architecture
건축 자체에 대한 욕구인데
of those programmatic needs.
또 더 중요하게 생각합니다.
create monuments, create icons
영향을 주기를 기대하는데
the value of the operation
고심하지 않는 경향이 있어요.
or those spaces can affect.
that I think we need to start looking
can really impact on society,
어떤 영향을 미치고
some of the problems
해결할 수 있느냐는 것입니다.
크게 유행하는 말이 있죠.
and in what I do
a notion or a concept
또는 개념이죠.
important concepts or ideas:
또는 발상에 의해 규정되는데
currently in a kind of meltdown situation.
위기에 놓여있는 듯하죠.
that we live in is challenged.
we've got rising tides,
of disasters taking place,
and the environment that we live in.
환경을 위협합니다.
is also challenged and threatened
여러 문제들에 의해
that we're faced with.
some of those issues today
in which we perceive those things.
모두 잘 알고 계실 거예요.
어떤 영향을 줄 수 있을까요?
or anybody as a designer
또 어떤 방식으로
design can impact on society,
can infiltrate the idea of society
사회의 개념에 스며들고
in the operations of society
in the early part of the last century.
in lots of ways.
of the environment,
작은 삼각관계가
we can see that balance
the confluence of those forces.
또는 방식으로 이해할 수 있겠죠.
have done that very successfully.
매우 성공적으로 해낸 적이 있어요.
of very good cities
at a specific moment in time
that, once upon a time,
at the mouth of the St. Ann's River.
such a big, complex conglomeration,
크고 복잡한 복합체가 되어
of complex ideas.
거대한 집단을 형성하게 됩니다.
at the end of the last century,
of the city over time.
도시를 만드는 것이다."
about the individual production
of an object -- architecture --
사물을 짓는 것에 대해 말하고,
as being a form of cultural production,
보기 때문이죠.
than the sum of the parts of the building,
dynamic, changing process.
변화하는 과정이라는 점을 시사합니다.
important thing to understand,
it's to do with the program.
계획과 관련이 있습니다.
what are the dynamics,
그 원동력은 무엇이고,
what are the elements
and the creation of the city?
형성되는지에 관한 것이죠.
is something that can be imagined.
and imagine of a space or a building,
of the individual and the collective.
the individual to the collective,
of the society --
결부시키죠.
how design can infiltrate
변화를 가져오는지
of how Port of Spain evolved
진화를 잘 보여줍니다.
period of 200 years,
following some ordinances
'인도제도 통치령'이라 불린
and Latin America
and the requirements
cities and new colonies.
as trade began to develop in Trinidad,
트리니다드에서 무역이 성하며
more and more, the surrounding landscape,
보다 많이 신경쓰기 시작하면서
what we have today,
the city of Port of Spain.
포트오브스페인의 모습이라 할 수 있겠죠.
of macro scale as well.
of this big conurbation
of Spain to the west
into this concept or idea
애초 계획을 훨씬 능가하는
Laws of the Indies plan.
arrangement and matrix
have led to a lot of problems.
야기하기도 하고요.
of infrastructural problems.
with many, many cities in the world.
비슷한 상황입니다.
are expanding, they're increasing,
of development that we've undergone
개발과정을 겪고 있는데
of Spain and the downtown Port of Spain
used to constitute the city,
of megalopolis, this sprawl,
거대도시가 된 것이죠.
the water, the power,
the polarization that exists,
happened in this country recently
비상사태까지 선포하게 된
completely insurmountable.
where we can't really control it
that original plan.
victims of the city,
or willfully designed the city
commensurate with these issues
of what I would call "typologies,"
with the high-rise development.
that cost a fortune to build.
엄청난 비용이 들기 마련인데
도시라고 할 수도 없습니다.
a high-rise building in it.
with modernity and development.
상징하고 대표합니다.
is another predominant type,
that all cities want to have,
또 흔히 볼 수 있는데
concentrate all these shops
to come and do specific retail functions
특정한 소매기능을 수행하고
in a specific place at a specific time.
환경을 만든다는 발상이죠.
of cutting through landscapes
from one point to another.
suburban development.
of development that has taken place
개발의 유형을 보여주죠.
and cities all over the world.
전 세계의 도시들에서요.
with shopping malls,
문제가 아닙니다.
buildings or suburban development.
우리가 하고 있는 일이
is that what we seem to be doing
더 우선시 한다는 것이죠.
or how we imagine space.
상상하는 것보다요.
that are really comfortable to walk on
traffic noise and congestion all the time?
거리를 만드는 건요?
types of structures and these typologies,
집중하게 되는 이유는
primarily because they generate profit,
모든 것을 걸기 때문이죠.
consumer system,
that's why they're favored,
above other types of development.
우선시되는 이유입니다.
significant and really important
도시의 여러 요소들이
on this type of development.
the integrity of the city,
the capacity of the city
is they're also exclusive.
너무 제한적이기 때문인데요.
you need to be qualified,
그만한 자격을 갖춰야 하죠.
access or the resources
that allow you to get the job in there.
그에 맞는 직업을 가져야 해요.
범주 밖으로 밀려나겠죠.
you work outside somewhere.
what those places are like,
전부터 그 도시에 살았던 사람들
to live in the cities
그 도시의 기능에 이바지했던 이들은
to the life of cities
like high-rise buildings push them out.
that pushes people out of cities.
사람들이 도시 밖으로 밀려 납니다.
unless they've got cars,
located on the peripheries of cities.
도심 외곽에 있기 때문이죠.
in shopping malls,
enough disposable income;
거기서 돈 쓸 일이 없죠.
사회의 일부를 위한 것이지
whilst they work for sectors of society,
is paid by government, by society
of buildings proliferate,
쏠려 있는 이유는
aspects of development --
여기기 때문입니다.
and types of program
건물이나 개발 계획을
that encourage interaction,
to be with each other
dissipate society,
they polarize society.
money you've got in your pocket.
사회 활동이 정해지게 되고
and more other cities.
이런 현상이 늘고 있어요.
that's like a time bomb.
문제가 되어버리죠.
it's really not sustainable.
지속가능한 개발이 아닙니다.
system in the world today --
of the conditions that people live with.
어느 정도는 바꿀 순 있어요.
in which people find themselves,
일부 해결할 수 있고요.
been shunted or pushed aside
afford to live in the center,
actively or fully
활발하고 온전하게
of how we can transform
어떻게 바꿀지 고민하고
that happen in these types of spaces
이런 공간에서의 활동에 대한
or small gestures,
어떻게 파악하고
initiative or social initiative
transformation of spaces
greater participation.
장려하는 일 등이죠.
when we look at cities,
of cities, it may seem insurmountable.
대책이 없어 보입니다.
individual ways of looking at things
개별적 방식 등을 구분하고
of understanding how we can do that,
to achieving or effecting
한 발 더 나아갈 수 있습니다.
where that's been done.
of a city where people sat down
바르셀로나에서는 사람들이 모여
tried to conceive of ways
of dollars on creating more highways.
수십억 달러를 쓰지 않겠습니다.
public spaces that people can use."
시민들을 위한 공공 장소입니다."
people came into those spaces.
더 많은 사람들이 찾아오게 됐죠.
in encouraging participation,
사람들의 참여를 독려했고
of community amongst people,
they had between each other,
there are models.
무슨 계획일까요?
원한다고 생각해요.
equitable society.
participation for everybody
some of those inhibitions, those barriers.
무너뜨릴 수 있는 곳이겠죠.
around all those factors
in constructed and effective ways.
사람들을 한데 모을 수 있어요.
a number of examples.
all over the place.
for tens of thousands of people.
with is pretty bleak, horrid, grey,
또 끔찍하고 피하고 싶은,
that moves up to Independence Square
you know, with landscaping,
여러 편의 시설들을 갖춰
of the sort of facilities and amenities
very important civic space.
가꿀 수만 있다면
of how that space could be treated
in and out of the city every day
and uplifting transition
기분좋은 일로 바뀔 거예요.
to the place where you work.
일하러 가면서도 말이죠.
of this landscape in this country,
경관이 아주 빼어난 곳이지만
fine examples of 19th-century architecture
19세기 건축물들은
some really fine spaces.
those spaces, we need to appropriate them,
all types of activity:
장려할 필요가 있어요.
and it's fun to be around other people,
신나고, 즐거운 일이란 걸 깨닫고
of activities that people like to do,
사람들끼리의 교류를 장려하는 거죠.
or economic circumstance,
공간들을 만드는 거죠.
how we break down those barriers.
that spaces are formulated
between inside and outside,
that really encourage interaction,
공간을 만들기 위해 노력해
to developers, to people
여러 사례들을 보여주며
of these may not be measured
immeasurable in the long run.
사회적 이익을 알려야 합니다.
I think we can demonstrate --
보여줄 수 있다고 전 생각해요.
designers had the capacity to do that --
디자이너들이 이를 증명했으니
we can demonstrate to people
of the society,
of ensuring a sustainable future.
더 커질 것입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Raymond - ArchitectMark Raymond’s work as an architect in Trinidad and Tobago is founded on the belief that thoughtfully designed cities can foster sustainability and inclusiveness throughout a society.
Why you should listen
Mark Raymond is the president of The Trinidad and Tobago Institute of Architects -- a firm dedicated to safeguarding sustainable, ethical and artistic design throughout the islands. He studied at the Architectural Association in London and worked for Norman Foster and DEGW before returning to Trinidad. Mark works on a wide variety of architectural, urban design and landscaping projects. He has also lectured in the US, UK and throughout the Caribbean.
Mark Raymond | Speaker | TED.com