TED2017
Gabriela González: How LIGO discovered gravitational waves -- and what might be next
Gabriela Gonsalesa: Kā LIGO atklāja gravitācijas viļņus
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Vairāk nekā simts gadus pēc tam, kad Alberts Einšteins bija aprakstījis gravitācijas viļņus – spēcīgu kosmisku sadursmju izraisītus viļņus laiktelpā, – LIGO zinātnieki apstiprināja to pastāvēšanu, izmantojot milzīgus un ārkārtīgi precīzus detektorus. Astrofiziķe Gabriela Gonsalesa no starptautiskā LIGO sadarbības projekta stāsta, kā radās šis neticamais, Nobela prēmiju ieguvušais atklājums un ko tas varētu nozīmēt mūsu izpratnei par Visumu.
Gabriela González - Astrophysicist
Gabriela González is part of the collaboration of more than 1,000 scientists who measured for the first time the gravitational waves that Einstein predicted over 100 years ago. Full bio
Gabriela González is part of the collaboration of more than 1,000 scientists who measured for the first time the gravitational waves that Einstein predicted over 100 years ago. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
A little over 100 years ago, in 1915,
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Pirms nedaudz vairāk nekā simts gadiem,
1915. gadā,
00:18
Einstein published
his theory of general relativity,
his theory of general relativity,
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Einšteins publicēja
savu vispārīgās relativitātes teoriju,
savu vispārīgās relativitātes teoriju,
00:21
which is sort of a strange name,
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kas ir visai dīvains nosaukums,
00:24
but it's a theory that explains gravity.
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bet tā ir teorija,
kas izskaidro gravitāciju.
kas izskaidro gravitāciju.
00:27
It states that mass -- all matter,
the planets -- attracts mass,
the planets -- attracts mass,
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Tā apgalvo, ka masas – visa matērija,
planētas – savstarpēji pievelkas,
planētas – savstarpēji pievelkas,
00:31
not because of an instantaneous force,
as Newton claimed,
as Newton claimed,
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nevis momentānā spēka dēļ,
kā apgalvoja Ņūtons,
kā apgalvoja Ņūtons,
00:36
but because all matter --
all of us, all the planets --
all of us, all the planets --
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bet gan tāpēc, ka visa matērija –
visi mēs, visas planētas –
visi mēs, visas planētas –
00:40
wrinkles the flexible fabric
of space-time.
of space-time.
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izliec laiktelpas elastīgo audumu.
00:45
Space-time is this thing in which we live
and that connects us all.
and that connects us all.
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Laiktelpa ir tas, iekš kā dzīvojam
un kas mūs visus saista.
00:49
It's like when we lie down on a mattress
and distort its contour.
and distort its contour.
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Līdzīgi kā tad, kad apguļamies uz matrača
un izmainām tā formu.
00:55
The masses move -- again,
not according to Newton's laws,
not according to Newton's laws,
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Un atkal – masas pārvietojas
nevis pēc Ņūtona likumiem,
nevis pēc Ņūtona likumiem,
01:00
but because they see
this space-time curvature
this space-time curvature
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bet gan tāpēc, ka tās redz
šos laiktelpas izliekumus
šos laiktelpas izliekumus
01:04
and follow the little curves,
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un seko šiem izliekumiem,
01:07
just like when our bedmate
nestles up to us
nestles up to us
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līdzīgi kā tad, kad
mūsu gultasbiedrs vai biedrene,
mūsu gultasbiedrs vai biedrene,
uzveļas mums virsū matrača ieliekuma dēļ.
01:11
because of the mattress curvature.
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01:13
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
Gadu vēlāk, 1916. gadā,
01:16
A year later, in 1916,
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01:19
Einstein derived from his theory
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Einšteins no savas teorijas izsecināja,
01:24
that gravitational waves existed,
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ka pastāv gravitācijas viļņi.
01:28
and that these waves were produced
when masses move,
when masses move,
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Tie radušies, pārvietojoties masām,
01:31
like, for example, when two stars
revolve around one another
revolve around one another
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piemēram, divām zvaigznēm virpuļojot
vienai ap otru
01:36
and create folds in space-time
which carry energy from the system,
which carry energy from the system,
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un radot laiktelpā ieliekumus,
kas satur sistēmas enerģiju
un liek zvaigznēm savstarpēji tuvoties.
un liek zvaigznēm savstarpēji tuvoties.
01:41
and the stars move toward each other.
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01:44
However, he also estimated
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Taču viņš arī aprēķināja,
ka šī ietekme ir tik ļoti sīka,
01:47
that these effects were so minute,
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01:51
that it would never be possible
to measure them.
to measure them.
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ka to nekad nevarēs izmērīt.
01:55
I'm going to tell you the story of how,
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Es pastāstīšu, kā, pateicoties
simtiem zinātnieku darbam,
simtiem zinātnieku darbam,
01:57
with the work of hundreds of scientists
working in many countries
working in many countries
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kas gadu desmitiem
strādājuši vairākās valstīs,
strādājuši vairākās valstīs,
02:04
over the course of many decades,
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02:05
just recently, in 2015,
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pavisam nesen, 2015. gadā,
02:09
we discovered those gravitational
waves for the first time.
waves for the first time.
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mēs šos gravitācijas viļņus
pirmoreiz atklājām.
pirmoreiz atklājām.
02:15
It's a rather long story.
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Tas ir visnotaļ garš stāsts,
02:18
It started 1.3 billion years ago.
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kas sākās pirms 1,3 miljardiem gadu.
02:25
A long, long time ago,
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Reiz sensenos laikos
02:27
in a galaxy far, far away --
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tāltālā galaktikā...
02:30
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:32
two black holes were revolving
around one another --
around one another --
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dzīvoja divi melnie caurumi,
kas virpuļoja viens ap otru,
02:38
"dancing the tango," I like to say.
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kā man patīk sacīt, dejojot tango.
02:41
It started slowly,
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Sākumā lēni,
02:42
but as they emitted gravitational waves,
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bet tad, radot gravitācijas viļņus,
02:45
they grew closer together,
accelerating in speed,
accelerating in speed,
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tie tuvojās viens otram, ātrums pieauga,
02:48
until, when they were revolving
at almost the speed of light,
at almost the speed of light,
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līdz, virpuļodami gandrīz gaismas ātrumā,
02:52
they fused into a single black hole
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tie saplūda vienā melnajā caurumā,
02:55
that had 60 times the mass of the Sun,
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kura masa bija līdzvērtīga 60 saulēm,
02:59
but compressed
into the space of 360 kilometers.
into the space of 360 kilometers.
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taču saspiesta 360 kilometros.
03:03
That's the size of the state of Louisiana,
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Tik liels ir Luiziānas štats,
kurā dzīvoju.
03:06
where I live.
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03:08
This incredible effect
produced gravitational waves
produced gravitational waves
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Šī apbrīnojamā iedarbība
radīja gravitācijas viļņus,
radīja gravitācijas viļņus,
03:14
that carried the news of this cosmic hug
to the rest of the universe.
to the rest of the universe.
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kas nogādāja vēsti
par šo kosmisko apskāvienu
par šo kosmisko apskāvienu
pārējam Visumam.
03:21
It took us a long time to figure out
the effects of these gravitational waves,
the effects of these gravitational waves,
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Šo gravitācijas viļņu ietekmes
atklāšana prasīja daudz laika,
atklāšana prasīja daudz laika,
03:28
because the way we measure them
is by looking for effects in distances.
is by looking for effects in distances.
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jo mēs tos mērām,
meklējot ietekmi tālumā.
03:35
We want to measure longitudes, distances.
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Mēs vēlamies mērīt
ģeogrāfiskos garumus, attālumus.
ģeogrāfiskos garumus, attālumus.
03:38
When these gravitational waves
passed by Earth,
passed by Earth,
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Kad šie gravitācijas viļņi skāra Zemi,
03:41
which was in 2015,
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tas notika 2015. gadā,
03:44
they produced changes in all distances --
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tie izraisīja pārmaiņas
pilnīgi visos attālumos,
pilnīgi visos attālumos,
03:48
the distances between all of you,
the distances between you and me,
the distances between you and me,
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attālumos starp jums,
attālumos starp jums un mani,
attālumos starp jums un mani,
03:52
our heights --
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mūsu garumā...
03:53
every one of us
stretched and shrank a tiny bit.
stretched and shrank a tiny bit.
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ikviens no mums mazdruscītiņ
pastiepās un sarāvās.
pastiepās un sarāvās.
03:58
The prediction is that the effect
is proportional to the distance.
is proportional to the distance.
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Tiek prognozēts, ka ietekme
ir proporcionāla attālumam.
ir proporcionāla attālumam.
04:02
But it's very small:
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Taču tā ir ārkārtīgi sīciņa:
04:04
even for distances much greater
than my slight height,
than my slight height,
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pat uz attālumiem, kas ir daudzkārt
lielāki par manu pieticīgo augumu,
lielāki par manu pieticīgo augumu,
04:09
the effect is infinitesimal.
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ietekme ir bezgalīgi maza.
04:13
For example, the distance
between the Earth and the Sun
between the Earth and the Sun
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Piemēram, attālums starp Zemi un Sauli
04:17
changed by one atomic diameter.
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izmainījās par viena atoma diametru.
04:23
How can that be measured?
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Kā gan to iespējams izmērīt?
04:24
How could we measure it?
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Kā gan mēs to varētu izmērīt?
04:28
Fifty years ago,
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Pirms gadiem piecdesmit
Caltech un MIT
bija daži fiziķi sapņotāji –
bija daži fiziķi sapņotāji –
04:30
some visionary physicists
at Caltech and MIT --
at Caltech and MIT --
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04:35
Kip Thorne, Ron Drever, Rai Weiss --
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Kips Torns, Rons Drēvers, Rainers Veiss –
04:37
thought they could precisely
measure distances
measure distances
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kas uzskatīja, ka attālumus
iespējams precīzi izmērīt,
iespējams precīzi izmērīt,
04:41
using lasers that measured
distances between mirrors
distances between mirrors
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izmantojot lāzerus, kas mēra
attālumu starp spoguļiem,
attālumu starp spoguļiem,
kas atrodas vairāku kilometru
atstatumā viens no otra.
atstatumā viens no otra.
04:47
kilometers apart.
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04:50
It took many years, a lot of work
and many scientists
and many scientists
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Vajadzēja daudz gadu, daudz darba
un daudz zinātnieku,
un daudz zinātnieku,
04:54
to develop the technology
and develop the ideas.
and develop the ideas.
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lai izstrādātu tehnoloģiju,
attīstītu idejas,
attīstītu idejas,
04:57
And 20 years later,
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un 20 gadus vēlāk,
05:00
almost 30 years ago,
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gandrīz pirms 30 gadiem, vairāk nekā 20,
05:03
they started to build two gravitational
wave detectors, two interferometers,
wave detectors, two interferometers,
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tika sākta divu gravitācijas viļņu
detektoru būvniecība,
detektoru būvniecība,
divu interferometru būvniecība ASV.
05:09
in the United States.
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05:11
Each one is four kilometers long;
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Katrs no tiem bija četru kilometru garumā.
05:15
one is in Livingston, Louisiana,
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Viens no tiem atrodas Luiziānas štatā,
Livingstonā, Luiziānā, skaista meža vidū;
05:19
in the middle of a beautiful forest,
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05:22
and the other is in Hanford, Washington,
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otrs – Hanfordā, Vašingtonā,
Vašingtonas štatā, tuksneša vidū.
05:26
in the middle of the desert.
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05:29
The interferometers have lasers
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Šajos interferometros ir lāzeri,
kas no centra ceļo
kas no centra ceļo
05:32
that travel from the center
through four kilometers in-vacuum,
through four kilometers in-vacuum,
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četrus kilometrus vakuumā,
05:36
are reflected in mirrors
and then they return.
and then they return.
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atspīd spoguļos un tad atgriežas,
un mēs mērām atšķirību attālumos
05:39
We measure the difference in the distances
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starp vienu un otru plecu.
05:41
between this arm and this arm.
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05:44
These detectors are very,
very, very sensitive;
very, very sensitive;
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Un šie detektori
ir ļoti, ļoti, ļoti jutīgi,
ir ļoti, ļoti, ļoti jutīgi,
05:48
they're the most precise
instruments in the world.
instruments in the world.
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tie ir visprecīzākie instrumenti pasaulē.
05:53
Why did we make two?
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Kāpēc mēs uzbūvējām divus?
05:54
It's because the signals
that we want to measure come from space,
that we want to measure come from space,
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Jo signāli, ko vēlamies mērīt,
nāk no kosmosa,
nāk no kosmosa,
06:00
but the mirrors are moving all the time,
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taču spoguļi visu laiku kustās,
06:02
so in order to distinguish
the gravitational wave effects --
the gravitational wave effects --
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tāpēc, lai nošķirtu
gravitācijas viļņu ietekmi,
gravitācijas viļņu ietekmi,
06:06
which are astrophysical effects
and should show up on the two detectors --
and should show up on the two detectors --
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kas ir astrofizikāla ietekme
un kam jāparādās abos detektoros,
un kam jāparādās abos detektoros,
06:11
we can distinguish them
from the local effects,
from the local effects,
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mēs varam tos nošķirt
no vietējās ietekmes,
no vietējās ietekmes,
kas parādās atsevišķi – vienā vai otrā.
06:14
which appear separately,
either on one or the other.
either on one or the other.
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06:19
In September of 2015,
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2015. gadā septembrī
06:22
we were finishing installing
the second-generation technology
the second-generation technology
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mēs šajos detektoros beidzām uzstādīt
otrās paaudzes tehnoloģiju
otrās paaudzes tehnoloģiju
06:27
in the detectors,
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06:29
and we still weren't at the optimal
sensitivity that we wanted --
sensitivity that we wanted --
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un joprojām nebijām panākuši
optimālo jutīgumu,
optimālo jutīgumu,
joprojām neesam to panākuši
06:33
we're still not, even now,
two years later --
two years later --
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arī tagad, divus gadus vēlāk,
06:37
but we wanted to gather data.
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bet mēs jau gribējām ievākt datus.
06:39
We didn't think we'd see anything,
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Nedomājām, ka kaut ko ieraudzīsim,
taču gatavojāmies sākt
dažus mēnešus ievākt datus.
dažus mēnešus ievākt datus.
06:41
but we were getting ready to start
collecting a few months' worth of data.
collecting a few months' worth of data.
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06:45
And then nature surprised us.
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Un daba mūs pārsteidza.
06:49
On September 14, 2015,
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2015. gada 14. septembrī
06:53
we saw, in both detectors,
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abos detektoros ieraudzījām
06:56
a gravitational wave.
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gravitācijas vilni.
06:59
In both detectors, we saw a signal
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Abos detektoros ieraudzījām signālu
ar cikliem, kuru amplitūda
un frekvence pieauga
un frekvence pieauga
07:01
with cycles that increased
in amplitude and frequency
in amplitude and frequency
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un tad samazinājās,
07:04
and then go back down.
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un abos detektoros tie bija vienādi.
07:05
And they were the same in both detectors.
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07:09
They were gravitational waves.
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Tie bija gravitācijas viļņi.
07:12
And not only that --
in decoding this type of wave,
in decoding this type of wave,
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Un ne tikai tas – atšifrējot viļņa formu,
07:17
we were able to deduce
that they came from black holes
that they came from black holes
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varējām izsecināt, ka tie nāk
no melnajiem caurumiem,
no melnajiem caurumiem,
07:21
fusing together to make one,
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kas saplūduši vienā
pirms vairāk nekā miljards gadiem.
07:23
more than a billion years ago.
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07:27
And that was --
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Un tas bija...
07:28
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
07:36
that was fantastic.
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Tas bija fantastiski!
07:38
At first, we couldn't believe it.
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Sākumā nespējām tam noticēt.
Nebijām iedomājušies,
ka tas varētu notikt jau tagad.
ka tas varētu notikt jau tagad.
07:42
We didn't imagine
this would happen until much later;
this would happen until much later;
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Visiem tas bija pārsteigums.
07:46
it was a surprise for all of us.
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07:48
It took us months to convince
ourselves that it was true,
ourselves that it was true,
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Mums vajadzēja vairākus mēnešus,
lai par to pārliecinātos,
lai par to pārliecinātos,
07:51
because we didn't want to leave
any room for error.
any room for error.
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jo gribējām izslēgt
visas iespējamās kļūdas.
visas iespējamās kļūdas.
07:54
But it was true, and to clear up any doubt
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Bet tā patiešām bija,
un, lai kliedētu visas šaubas,
07:57
that the detectors
really could measure these things,
really could measure these things,
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ka detektori patiešām spēj
šīs lietas izmērīt,
šīs lietas izmērīt,
tā paša gada decembrī, mēs izmērījām
vēl vienu gravitācijas vilni,
vēl vienu gravitācijas vilni,
08:00
in December of that same year,
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08:02
we measured another gravitational wave,
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08:05
smaller than the first one.
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vēl mazāku nekā pirmo.
08:07
The first gravitational wave
produced a difference in the distance
produced a difference in the distance
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Pirmais gravitācijas vilnis
radīja attāluma atšķirību,
radīja attāluma atšķirību,
kas četru kilometru attālumā
bija četras tūkstošdaļas no protona liela.
bija četras tūkstošdaļas no protona liela.
08:10
of four-thousandths of a proton
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08:14
over four kilometers.
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08:16
Yes, the second detection was smaller,
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Jā, otrais vilnis bija mazāks,
tomēr pēc mūsu standartiem
joprojām ļoti pārliecinošs.
joprojām ļoti pārliecinošs.
08:18
but still very convincing
by our standards.
by our standards.
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08:25
Despite the fact that these are space-time
waves and not sound waves,
waves and not sound waves,
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Lai gan tie ir laiktelpas viļņi,
nevis skaņas viļņi,
08:29
we like to put them into loudspeakers
and listen to them.
and listen to them.
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mums patīk tos uzlikt
skaļruņos un paklausīties.
skaļruņos un paklausīties.
08:34
We call this "the music of the universe."
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Mēs to saucam par Visuma mūziku.
08:37
I'd like you to listen
to the first two notes of that music.
to the first two notes of that music.
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Es gribētu, lai paklausāties
šīs mūzikas pirmās divas notis.
08:43
(Chirping sound)
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(Čirksts)
(Čirksts)
08:46
(Chirping sound)
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08:48
The second, shorter sound
was the last fraction of a second
was the last fraction of a second
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Otra, īsākā,
bija šo abu melno caurumu
pēdējā sekundes daļa,
pēdējā sekundes daļa,
08:53
of the two black holes which,
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08:55
in that fraction of a second,
emitted vast amounts of energy --
emitted vast amounts of energy --
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kad tie radīja milzum daudz enerģijas,
09:00
so much energy, it was like three Suns
converting into energy,
converting into energy,
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tik daudz enerģijas,
cik radītu trīs saules,
cik radītu trīs saules,
saskaņā ar slaveno formulu
09:06
following that famous formula,
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09:08
E = mc2.
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E = mc2.
Atceraties tādu?
09:10
Remember that one?
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09:12
We love this music so much
we actually dance to it.
we actually dance to it.
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Šī mūzika, mums patiesībā tik ļoti patīk,
ka mēs pie tās dejojam.
09:18
I'm going to have you listen again.
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Ļaušu jums paklausīties vēlreiz.
09:22
(Chirping sound)
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(Čirksts)
(Čirksts)
09:26
(Chirping sound)
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09:29
It's the music of the universe!
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Tā ir Visuma mūzika!
09:31
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
09:35
People frequently ask me now:
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Tagad cilvēki man bieži jautā:
09:38
"What can gravitational waves
be used for?
be used for?
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„Kam vajadzīgi gravitācijas viļņi?
09:41
And now that you've discovered them,
what else is there left to do?"
what else is there left to do?"
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Tagad, kad tie atklāti,
kas vēl atlicis darāms?”
09:46
What can gravitational waves
be used for?
be used for?
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Kam vajadzīgi gravitācijas viļņi?
09:50
When they asked Borges,
"What is the purpose of poetry?"
"What is the purpose of poetry?"
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Kad Borhesam jautāja,
kam vajadzīga dzeja,
09:54
he, in turn, answered,
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viņš atbildēja ar pretjautājumu:
09:56
"What's the purpose of dawn?
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„Kam vajadzīga rītausma?
09:57
What's the purpose of caresses?
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Kam vajadzīgs maigums?
09:59
What's the purpose
of the smell of coffee?"
of the smell of coffee?"
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Kam vajadzīga kafijas smarža?”
10:02
He answered,
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Viņš atbildēja:
10:04
"The purpose of poetry is pleasure;
it's for emotion, it's for living."
it's for emotion, it's for living."
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„Dzeja kalpo priekam, emocijām,
tā vajadzīga, lai dzīvotu.”
tā vajadzīga, lai dzīvotu.”
10:11
And understanding the universe,
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Un ar vēlmi izprast Visumu,
ar šo cilvēcisko zinātkāri
uzzināt, kā viss darbojas,
uzzināt, kā viss darbojas,
10:13
this human curiosity for knowing
how everything works,
how everything works,
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10:17
is similar.
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ir līdzīgi.
10:19
Since time immemorial, humanity --
all of us, everyone, as kids --
all of us, everyone, as kids --
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Kopš neatminamiem laikiem cilvēce,
mēs visi un jūs visi, kad bijām bērni,
10:24
when we look up at the sky
for the first time and see the stars,
for the first time and see the stars,
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pirmoreiz paceļot skatu debesīs
un ieraugot zvaizgnes, jautājām:
10:28
we wonder,
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10:29
"What are stars?"
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„Kas ir zvaigznes?”
10:31
That curiosity is what makes us human.
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Šī zinātkāre mūs padara par cilvēkiem.
10:35
And that's what we do with science.
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Un tieši to mēs darām zinātnē.
10:39
We like to say that gravitational waves
now have a purpose,
now have a purpose,
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Mums labpatīk teikt,
ka gravitācijas viļņi jau noder,
10:45
because we're opening up
a new way to explore the universe.
a new way to explore the universe.
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jo mēs paveram jaunu veidu
Visuma pētīšanai.
Visuma pētīšanai.
10:49
Until now, we were able to see
the light of the stars
the light of the stars
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Līdz šim zvaigžņu gaismu varējām redzēt,
10:54
via electromagnetic waves.
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pateicoties elektromagnētiskajiem viļņiem.
10:57
Now we can listen
to the sound of the universe,
to the sound of the universe,
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Tagad varam klausīties Visuma skaņās,
11:01
even of things that don't emit light,
like gravitational waves.
like gravitational waves.
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pat tādās, ko rada lietas, kas neizstaro
gaismu, piemēram, gravitācijas viļņi.
gaismu, piemēram, gravitācijas viļņi.
11:07
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
11:08
Thank you.
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(Angliski) Paldies.
11:10
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
11:13
But are they useful?
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Bet vai tie noder tikai tam?
11:16
Can't we derive any technology
from gravitational waves?
from gravitational waves?
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Vai no gravitācijas viļņiem
var iegūt kādu tehnoloģiju?
var iegūt kādu tehnoloģiju?
11:21
Yes, probably.
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Iespējams, var.
11:23
But it will probably take a lot of time.
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Tomēr tas, iespējams, prasīs daudz laika.
11:25
We've developed
the technology to detect them,
the technology to detect them,
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Esam radījuši tehnoloģiju to uztveršanai,
taču paši viļņi...
11:28
but in terms of the waves themselves,
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varbūt pēc gadiem simts atklāsim,
ka tie kaut kam noder.
ka tie kaut kam noder.
11:30
maybe we'll discover 100 years from now
that they are useful.
that they are useful.
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11:34
But it takes a lot of time
to derive technology from science,
to derive technology from science,
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Taču, lai no zinātnes iegūtu tehnoloģiju,
vajadzīgs daudz laika,
vajadzīgs daudz laika,
un mēs to nedarām tādēļ.
11:38
and that's not why we do it.
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Jebkura tehnoloģija nāk no zinātnes,
11:40
All technology is derived from science,
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tomēr mēs ar zinātni nodarbojamies
11:42
but we practice science for the enjoyment.
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prieka pēc.
11:46
What's left to do?
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Kas vēl atlicis darāms?
11:49
A lot.
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Darāmā vēl ir ļoti daudz.
11:50
A lot; this is only the beginning.
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Ļoti daudz. Tas ir tikai sākums.
11:54
As we make the detectors
more and more sensitive --
more and more sensitive --
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Būvējot arvien jutīgākus detektorus –
11:57
and we have lots of work to do there --
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un darāmā vēl ir daudz –
11:59
not only are we going to see
more black holes
more black holes
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mēs ne vien ieraudzīsim
vairāk melno caurumu
vairāk melno caurumu
12:01
and be able to catalog
how many there are, where they are
how many there are, where they are
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un varēsim izveidot katalogu,
lai zinātu, cik to ir, kur tie atrodas,
lai zinātu, cik to ir, kur tie atrodas,
12:06
and how big they are,
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cik lieli tie ir,
12:07
we'll also be able to see other objects.
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bet ieraudzīsim arī citus objektus.
12:11
We'll see neutron stars fuse
and turn into black holes.
and turn into black holes.
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Mēs ieraudzīsim
neitronu zvaigžņu saplūšanu,
neitronu zvaigžņu saplūšanu,
kas pārtop melnajā caurumā.
Mēs ieraudzīsim melno caurumu dzimstam.
12:16
We'll see a black holes being born.
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12:19
We'll be able to see
rotating stars in our galaxy
rotating stars in our galaxy
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Mēs varēsim ieraudzīt
rotējošas zvaignzes mūsu galaktikā,
rotējošas zvaignzes mūsu galaktikā,
12:22
produce sinusoidal waves.
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kas rada sinusoidālus viļņus.
12:24
We'll be able to see
explosions of supernovas in our galaxy.
explosions of supernovas in our galaxy.
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Mēs varēsim ieraudzīt
pārnovu sprādzienus mūsu galaktikā.
pārnovu sprādzienus mūsu galaktikā.
12:30
We'll be seeing
a whole spectrum of new sources.
a whole spectrum of new sources.
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Mēs ieraudzīsim
veselu jaunu avotu spektru.
veselu jaunu avotu spektru.
12:35
We like to say
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Mums labpatīk teikt,
12:37
that we've added a new sense
to the human body:
to the human body:
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ka esam cilvēka ķermenim
pievienojuši jaunu spēju:
pievienojuši jaunu spēju:
12:41
now, in addition to seeing,
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tagad spējam ne tikai redzēt,
12:42
we're able to hear.
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bet arī dzirdēt.
12:45
This is a revolution in astronomy,
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Astronomijā tā ir revolūcija,
12:48
like when Galileo invented the telescope.
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kā tad, kad Galilejs izgudroja teleskopu
vai kad mēmajam kino pievienoja skaņu.
12:52
It's like when they added sound
to silent movies.
to silent movies.
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12:57
This is just the beginning.
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Tas ir tikai sākums.
13:01
We like to think
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Mums labpatīk domāt,
13:03
that the road to science is very long --
very fun, but very long --
very fun, but very long --
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ka zinātnes ceļš ir ļoti garš,
aizraujošs, bet ļoti garš,
13:09
and that we, this large,
international community of scientists,
international community of scientists,
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un ka mēs, šī lielā, kopā strādājošā,
starptautiskā zinātnieku kopiena,
starptautiskā zinātnieku kopiena,
13:16
working from many countries,
together as a team,
together as a team,
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no daudzām valstīm,
visi kopā palīdzam šo ceļu veidot,
13:18
are helping to build that road;
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13:22
that we're shedding light --
sometimes encountering detours --
sometimes encountering detours --
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izgaismojot,
reizēm atrodot apvedceļus
13:26
and building, perhaps,
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un, iespējams, veidojot
13:28
a highway to the universe.
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ātrgaitas šoseju uz Visumu.
13:31
Thank you.
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Paldies.
(Aplausi)
13:33
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gabriela González - AstrophysicistGabriela González is part of the collaboration of more than 1,000 scientists who measured for the first time the gravitational waves that Einstein predicted over 100 years ago.
Why you should listen
Gabriela González is a physicist working on the discovery of gravitational waves with the LIGO team. She was born in Córdoba, Argentina, studied physics at the University of Córdoba, and pursued her PhD at Syracuse University, which obtained in 1995. She worked as a staff scientist in the LIGO group at MIT until 1997, when she joined the faculty at Penn State. In 2001 she joined the faculty at LSU, where she is a professor of physics and astronomy. She has received awards from the American Physical Society, the American Astronomical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, and she is a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences.
González has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration since it was funded in 1997, served as the elected LSC spokesperson in 2011-2017, and is known for participating in the announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves in 2016. Her work has focused on LIGO instrument development (especially reducing noise sources and tuning alignment systems) and LIGO data calibration and diagnostics, critical to increasing the astrophysical reach of data analysis methods.
Gabriela González | Speaker | TED.com