ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird

चराजस्तै उड्ने रोबोट

Filmed:
8,646,669 views

धेरै रोबोटहरु छन् जो उड्न सक्छन् -- तर साच्चैको चराजस्तो उड्न सक्ने छैनन् । तर त्यो सम्भव त्यतिबेला भयो जब मार्कस फिसर र उनको फेस्टो स्थित सहयोगीहरुले स्मार्टबर्ड बनाए। सिगल नामक चरामा आधारित एउटा अत्यधिक हलुका रोबोट बन्यो, जुन सिर्फ पँखेटा फड्फडाएर उड्छ। टेड ग्लोबल २०११को एउटा ताजा प्रस्तुति ।
- Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

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It is a dream of mankind
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चराजस्तै उड्नसक्नु
00:18
to fly like a bird.
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मानवजातिको सपना हो /
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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चराहरू एकदम फुर्तिला हुन्छन्।
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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उनीहरू उड्छन्, तर कुनै घुम्ने उपकरणले होइन,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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केवल पँखेटा फड्फडाएर।
00:28
So we looked at the birds,
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त्यसकारण हामीले चरालाई हेर्यौँ ,
00:31
and we tried to make a model
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र त्यस्तो नमुना बनाउन खोज्यौँ
00:34
that is powerful, ultralight,
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जुन बलियो र अत्यधिक हलुका होस्
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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अनि उत्कृष्ट वायुगतिय गुणहरू होस्
00:41
that would fly by its own
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र त्यो आफैँ उडोस्,
00:43
and only by flapping its wings.
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केवल पँखेटा फड्फडाएर ।
00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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त्यसकारण हेरिङ् गल नामक चरा,
00:49
the Herring Gull, in its freedom,
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जुन स्वतन्त्र भएर,
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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समुन्द्रको चक्कर लगाउँछ र शिकार गर्दा हल्का डुबुल्कि मारेर निस्कन्छ ।
00:53
and [to] use this as a role model?
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यसलाई नमुनाको रुपमा प्रयोग गर्नुभन्दा अरु के उपयुक्त होला र?
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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त्यसैले हामीले एउटा समुह तयार गर्यौँ
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists
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जसमा वायुगतिय क्षेत्रका
01:01
in the field of aerodynamics
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सामान्य अनि विशेषज्ञ दुबै छन्,
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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जो ग्लाइडरहरू बनाउने क्षेत्रमा काम गर्छन्।
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And the task was to build
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अनि उद्देश्य थियो एउटा अत्यधिक हलुका,
01:08
an ultralight indoor-flying model
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उड्ने खालको नमुना तयार पार्नु
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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जुन तपाईँहरूको टाउकोमाथिबाट उड्न सकोस्
01:14
So be careful later on.
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त्यसैले केहि समय पछि सतर्क रहनुहोला।
01:19
And this was one issue:
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यहाँ एक बिशेष मुद्धा के थियो भने
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to build it that lightweight
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त्यसलाई एकदम हलुका बनाउनु थियो ।
01:23
that no one would be hurt
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ताकि यदि यो खस्यो भने
01:25
if it fell down.
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यसले कसैलाई चोट नपुगाओस् ।
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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हामी यो सब किन गरिरहेका छौं त ?
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We are a company in the field of automation,
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हामी स्वचालनको क्षेत्रमा काम गर्ने एउटा कम्पनी हौँ,
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and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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र हामी अत्यधिक हलुका संरचना बनाउन चाहन्छौँ
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because that's energy efficient,
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किनकि त्यो ऊर्जाकुशल (ईनर्जि एफिसिएन्ट) हुन्छ
01:38
and we'd like to learn more about
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साथमा हामी वायुशास्त्र र वायुगतिय
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pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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प्रकियाको बारेमा अझ बढी जान्न चाहन्छौँ।
01:44
So I now would like you
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त्यसैले अब म चाहन्छु
01:47
to [put] your seat belts on
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तपाईँहरू आफ्नो कुर्सिको पेटी बाध्नुहोस्
01:49
and put your hats [on].
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अनि शिर जोगाउनुहोस्।
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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ता कि हामी एकपटक प्रयास गरौं,
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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यो स्मार्ट बर्ड उडाउने।
01:56
Thank you.
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धन्यवाद।
01:58
(Applause)
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(तालि)
02:14
(Applause)
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02:52
(Applause)
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03:07
So we can now
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अहिले हामी,
03:09
look at the SmartBird.
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स्मार्ट बर्डलाई देखिरहेका छौँ।
03:12
So here is one without a skin.
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यो छाला (खोल) बिना छ।
03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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यसको पँखेटा लगभग दुई मिटर जति छ।
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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लम्बाइ एक मिटर र ६ इन्च छ ,
03:21
and the weight,
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अनि तौल,
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it is only 450 grams.
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केवल ४५० ग्राम छ।
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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र यो सबै कार्वन फाइवरले बनेको छ।
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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बिचमा एउटा मोटर छ,
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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अनि त्यहाँ एउटा दाँति (गियर) पनि छ,
03:35
and we use the gear
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र हामी त्यो दाँति,
03:37
to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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मोटरको घुमाइ परिवर्तन गर्न प्रयोग गर्दर्छौँ।
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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मोटरभित्र तीनवटा हल सेन्सर छन्,
03:43
so we know exactly where
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जसले गर्दा हामी
03:46
the wing is.
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पँखेटा कहाँ छ ठ्याक्कै थाहा पाउछौँ।
03:49
And if we now beat up and down ...
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अब हामीले तल-माथि चलायौँ भने...
03:56
we have the possibility
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यसमा चराजस्तै उड्नसक्ने
03:58
to fly like a bird.
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सम्भावना रहन्छ ।
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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यदि तल हेर्नुभयो भने, सन्चालक शक्तिको ठुलो क्षेत्र छ,
04:03
and if you go up,
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अनि यदि माथि हेर्नुभयो भने,
04:06
the wings are not that large,
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पँखेटाहरू त्यति ठुला छैनन्,
04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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र माथि उठ्न सजिलो हुन्छ।
04:14
So, the next thing we did,
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तसर्थ, हामीले अर्को काम गर्यौँ
04:17
or the challenges we did,
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या भनौँ चुनौति स्विकार गर्यौं ,
04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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यो चालको संयोजन गर्ने।
04:22
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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हामीले यसलाई मोड्नु छ, माथि लानु छ अनि तल ल्याउनु छ।
04:25
We have a split wing.
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हामीसँग विभाजित पँखेटा छ।
04:27
With a split wing
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विभाजित पँखेटाले गर्दा
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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माथिल्लो पँखेटा उठाउन सकिन्छ,
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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अनि तलको पँखेटामा घचेट्ने शक्ति दिन्छ ।
04:35
Also, we see
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साथै, हामिले बिचार गर्यौं,
04:37
how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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हामी कसरी वायुगतिय दक्षता मापन गर्न सक्छौं भनेर ।
04:40
We had knowledge about
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हामीसँग वैद्युत-यान्त्रिक दक्षताको (ईलेक्ट्रोमेकानिकल)
04:42
the electromechanical efficiency
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ज्ञान थियो
04:44
and then we can calculate
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जसबाट हामी वायुगतिय दक्षताको
04:46
the aerodynamic efficiency.
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मापन गर्न सक्छौँ।
04:48
So therefore,
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त्यसैकारणले
04:50
it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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यो निष्क्रिय मडारबाट सक्रिय मडार मा,
04:53
from 30 percent
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३० प्रतिशतबाट
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up to 80 percent.
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८० प्रतिशतसम्म उठ्छ्।
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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हामीले गर्नुपर्ने अर्को कुरा,
04:59
we have to control and regulate
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हामीले सम्पूर्ण संरचनालाई नियन्त्रित र
05:01
the whole structure.
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संचालित राख्नुपर्दछ।
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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यदि हामीले यसलाई नियन्त्रित र चलायमान राख्यौँ भने मात्र
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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तपाईँले त्यो वायुगतिय दक्षता पाउनु हुन्छ ।
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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यसमा सम्पूर्ण ऊर्जा खपत
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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उडान प्रक्षेपणको समय लगभग २५ वाट हुन्छ
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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र उडानको बेलामा १६ देखि १८ वाट हुन्छ।
05:18
Thank you.
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धन्यवाद।
05:20
(Applause)
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(तालि)
05:26
Bruno Giussani: Markus, I think that we should fly it once more.
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ब्रुनो गिसानी : मार्कस, मलाई लाग्छ हामीले यसलाई एकपटक फेरि उडाउनु पर्छ।
05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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मार्कस फिसर : भैहाल्छनि
05:31
(Laughter)
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(हासोँ)
05:53
(Gasps)
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(स्वाँ स्वाँ आवाज )
06:02
(Cheers)
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(चियर्स )
06:04
(Applause)
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(तालि)
Translated by Binod Bastakoti
Reviewed by Amrit Poudel

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com