TED2003
Rodney Brooks: Robots will invade our lives
Rodney Brooks hovorí, že roboty zaplavia naše životy
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V tomto prorockom prejave z roku 2003, robotik Rodney Brooks rozpráva o tom, ako si roboty nájdu cestu do našich životov -- počnúc od hračiek po vykonávanie domácich prác ... a ešte ďalej.
Rodney Brooks - Roboticist
Rodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out. Full bio
Rodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
What I want to tell you about today is how I see robots invading our lives
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Dnes vám chcem porozprávať o tom, ako vidím prenikanie robotov do našich životov
00:23
at multiple levels, over multiple timescales.
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na viacerých úrovniach, cez viacero časových škál.
00:26
And when I look out in the future, I can't imagine a world, 500 years from now,
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A keď nahliadnem do budúcnosti, nedokážem si predstaviť svet, o 500 rokov,
00:30
where we don't have robots everywhere.
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v ktorom by sme nemali robotov všade,
00:32
Assuming -- despite all the dire predictions from many people about our future --
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pričom predpokladám -- napriek všetkým strašným predpovediam mnohých ľudí o našej budúcnosti --
00:37
assuming we're still around, I can't imagine the world not being populated with robots.
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predpokladám, že tu stále budeme, neviem si predstaviť svet neobývaný robotmi.
00:41
And then the question is, well, if they're going to be here in 500 years,
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A potom otázkou je, nuž, keď tu budú o 500 rokov,
00:44
are they going to be everywhere sooner than that?
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budú tu už skôr?
00:46
Are they going to be around in 50 years?
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Budú tu s nami o 50 rokov?
00:48
Yeah, I think that's pretty likely -- there's going to be lots of robots everywhere.
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Áno, myslím si, že to je dosť pravdepodobné -- bude tu všade mnoho robotov.
00:51
And in fact I think that's going to be a lot sooner than that.
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Vlastne si myslím, že to bude oveľa skôr.
00:54
I think we're sort of on the cusp of robots becoming common,
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Myslím, že sme viac menej na zlomovom bode, tesne predtým, ako sa roboty stanú bežnými,
00:58
and I think we're sort of around 1978 or 1980 in personal computer years,
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a myslím, že sme niekde okolo roku 1978 alebo 1980 v letopočte osobných počítačov,
01:04
where the first few robots are starting to appear.
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keď sa začína objavovať prvých pár robotov.
01:07
Computers sort of came around through games and toys.
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Počítače akosi vzišli z hier a hračiek.
01:11
And you know, the first computer most people had in the house
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Prvý počítač, ktorý väčšina ľudí mala doma
01:14
may have been a computer to play Pong,
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bol počítač na hranie Pongu,
01:16
a little microprocessor embedded,
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s vloženým malým mikroprocesorom,
01:18
and then other games that came after that.
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a potom s ostatnými hrami, ktoré prišli neskôr.
01:21
And we're starting to see that same sort of thing with robots:
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A začíname pozorovať to isté s robotmi:
01:24
LEGO Mindstorms, Furbies -- who here -- did anyone here have a Furby?
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LEGO Mindstorms, Furbies -- kto tu -- mal tu niekto Furbyho?
01:28
Yeah, there's 38 million of them sold worldwide.
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Áno, predalo sa ich 38 miliónov po celom svete.
01:31
They are pretty common. And they're a little tiny robot,
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Sú celkom bežné, a sú to malé drobné roboty,
01:33
a simple robot with some sensors,
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jednoduché roboty s nejakými senzormi.
01:35
a little bit of processing actuation.
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Trochu to vie spracovať podnety.
01:37
On the right there is another robot doll, who you could get a couple of years ago.
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Napravo je iná robotická bábika, ktorú by ste mohli dostať pred pár rokmi.
01:40
And just as in the early days,
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A takisto ako v prvých dňoch,
01:42
when there was a lot of sort of amateur interaction over computers,
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keď bolo veľa akejsi amatérskej interakcie s počítačmi,
01:47
you can now get various hacking kits, how-to-hack books.
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teraz si môžete zaobstarať rôzne nástroje na "hackovanie", knihy "ako-na-hackovanie".
01:51
And on the left there is a platform from Evolution Robotics,
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A na ľavo je platforma z Evolučnej Robotiky,
01:55
where you put a PC on, and you program this thing with a GUI
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na ktorú položíte PC a programujete túto vec s grafickým rozhraním
01:58
to wander around your house and do various stuff.
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na túlanie sa po vašom dome a robenie rôznych vecí.
02:01
And then there's a higher price point sort of robot toys --
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A potom tu máme veci s vyššou cenou, typy robotických hračiek --
02:04
the Sony Aibo. And on the right there, is one that the NEC developed,
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Aiba od Sony. A tam napravo, je tá, ktorú vyvinul vyvinul NEC,
02:08
the PaPeRo, which I don't think they're going to release.
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PaPeRo, ktorú si nemyslím, že vypustia na trh.
02:11
But nevertheless, those sorts of things are out there.
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Aj tak, tie druhy vecí sú tam vonku.
02:14
And we've seen, over the last two or three years, lawn-mowing robots,
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A vidíme, za posledné dva alebo tri roky, roboty, ktoré kosia trávniky,
02:18
Husqvarna on the bottom, Friendly Robotics on top there, an Israeli company.
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od Husqvarny dole, po Friendly Robotics na vrchu, Izraelskú spoločnosť.
02:24
And then in the last 12 months or so
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A potom v posledných 12 mesiacoch
02:26
we've started to see a bunch of home-cleaning robots appear.
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začíname vidieť, ako sa objavujú roboty na upratovanie.
02:30
The top left one is a very nice home-cleaning robot
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Hore prvý naľavo je veľmi pekný upratovací robot
02:33
from a company called Dyson, in the U.K. Except it was so expensive --
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od spoločnosti nazvanej Dyson, v Spojenom kráľovstve. Bol však taký drahý --
02:37
3,500 dollars -- they didn't release it.
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3,500 dolárov -- že sa nedostal na trh.
02:39
But at the bottom left, you see Electrolux, which is on sale.
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Ale dole naľavo vidíte Electrolux, ktorý je v predaji.
02:42
Another one from Karcher.
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Ďalší od Karcher.
02:44
At the bottom right is one that I built in my lab
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Toho dole napravo som postavil ja v mojom laboratóriu
02:46
about 10 years ago, and we finally turned that into a product.
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asi pred 10-timi rokmi, a konečne sme z neho spravili produkt.
02:49
And let me just show you that.
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A dovoľte, aby som vám ho ukázal.
02:51
We're going to give this away I think, Chris said, after the talk.
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Odložíme si to, ukážem vám to po prejave.
02:55
This is a robot that you can go out and buy, and that will clean up your floor.
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Toto je robot, ktorý vám vyčistí dlážku, keď si vy vyjdete na nákupy.
03:05
And it starts off sort of just going around in ever-increasing circles.
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Najprv začne chodiť dookola v stále sa zväčšujúcich kruhoch.
03:10
If it hits something -- you people see that?
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Ak do niečoho narazí -- vidíte to?
03:14
Now it's doing wall-following, it's following around my feet
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Teraz začína nasledovať stenu, okolo mojich nôh,
03:17
to clean up around me. Let's see, let's --
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aby poumýval okolo mňa. Pozrime sa, poďme --
03:21
oh, who stole my Rice Krispies? They stole my Rice Krispies!
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oh, kto ukradol moje ryžové vločky? Ukradli moje ryžové vločky,
03:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:32
Don't worry, relax, no, relax, it's a robot, it's smart!
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Nebojte sa, pokojne, pokojne, je to robot, je inteligentný.
03:35
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:38
See, the three-year-old kids, they don't worry about it.
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Vidíte, trojročné deti by sa tým neznepokojovali.
03:42
It's grown-ups that get really upset.
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Trápi to len dospelých.
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:45
We'll just put some crap here.
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Iba tu dáme nejaké blbosti.
03:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:51
Okay.
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Dobre.
03:53
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:57
I don't know if you see -- so, I put a bunch of Rice Krispies there,
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Neviem, či to vidíte -- takže, položím tam kôpku ryžových vločiek,
04:00
I put some pennies, let's just shoot it at that, see if it cleans up.
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položím pár drobných, pozrime sa, či to vyčistí.
04:10
Yeah, OK. So --
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Áno, OK. Takže --
04:12
we'll leave that for later.
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necháme si to na neskôr.
04:16
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
04:22
Part of the trick was building a better cleaning mechanism, actually;
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Časť triku bolo budovanie lepšieho čistiaceho mechanizmu, vlastne;
04:26
the intelligence on board was fairly simple.
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inteligencia vnútri bola dosť jednoduchá.
04:30
And that's true with a lot of robots.
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A tak je to u mnohých robotov.
04:32
We've all, I think, become, sort of computational chauvinists,
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My všetci, myslím, sme sa stali výpočtovými šovinistami,
04:36
and think that computation is everything,
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a myslíme si, že všetko závisí od výpočtov,
04:38
but the mechanics still matter.
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ale stále záleží na zariadeniach.
04:40
Here's another robot, the PackBot,
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Tu je ďalší robot, PackBot,
04:43
that we've been building for a bunch of years.
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ktorého staviame niekoľko rokov.
04:45
It's a military surveillance robot, to go in ahead of troops --
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Je to robot na vojenský dozor, aby išiel na čele vojska,
04:51
looking at caves, for instance.
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napríklad, aby sa pozeral do jaskýň.
04:54
But we had to make it fairly robust,
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Ale museli sme ho urobiť celkom robustného,
04:56
much more robust than the robots we build in our labs.
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oveľa robustnejšieho ako robotov, ktorých staviame v našich laboratóriách.
05:03
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:12
On board that robot is a PC running Linux.
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Vnútri tohto robota je počítač, kde beží Linux.
05:16
It can withstand a 400G shock. The robot has local intelligence:
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Znesie preťaženie 400G. Robot má lokálnu inteligenciu:
05:22
it can flip itself over, can get itself into communication range,
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dokáže sa prevrátiť, môže sa dostať do komunikačného rozsahu,
05:28
can go upstairs by itself, et cetera.
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môže ísť sám po schodoch, a podobne.
05:38
Okay, so it's doing local navigation there.
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Dobre, takže tam vykonáva lokálnu navigáciu.
05:42
A soldier gives it a command to go upstairs, and it does.
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Vojak mu prikáže, aby išiel hore, a on ide.
05:49
That was not a controlled descent.
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To nebol kontrolovaný zostup.
05:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:54
Now it's going to head off.
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Teraz sa odvráti.
05:56
And the big breakthrough for these robots, really, was September 11th.
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A veľký prelom pre týchto robotov, skutočne, bol 11. september.
06:01
We had the robots down at the World Trade Center late that evening.
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Mali sme robotov vo World Trade Center neskoro v ten večer.
06:06
Couldn't do a lot in the main rubble pile,
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Nemohli toho robiť veľa v tej hlavnej kope trosiek,
06:08
things were just too -- there was nothing left to do.
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veci boli jednoducho príliš ... nebolo tam čo robiť.
06:11
But we did go into all the surrounding buildings that had been evacuated,
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Ale my sme išli do všetkých okolitých budov, ktoré boli evakuované,
06:16
and searched for possible survivors in the buildings
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a hľadali sme tých, ktorí prežili, v budovách,
06:19
that were too dangerous to go into.
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do ktorých bolo príliš nebezpečné vstúpiť.
06:21
Let's run this video.
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Podme si ukázať toto video.
06:23
Reporter: ...battlefield companions are helping to reduce the combat risks.
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Reportér: ... spoločníci na bojisku pomáhajú znižovať riziká boja.
06:26
Nick Robertson has that story.
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Nick Robertson má ten príbeh.
06:31
Rodney Brooks: Can we have another one of these?
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Rodney Brooks: Môžeme mať ďaľšieho z týchto?
06:38
Okay, good.
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OK, dobre.
06:43
So, this is a corporal who had seen a robot two weeks previously.
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Takže, toto je desiatnik, ktorý videl robota pred dvoma týždňami.
06:48
He's sending robots into caves, looking at what's going on.
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Posiela robotov do jaskýň, ktorý sa pozerá, čo sa deje.
06:52
The robot's being totally autonomous.
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Robot je úplne samostatný.
06:54
The worst thing that's happened in the cave so far
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Najhoršie, čo sa stalo doposiaľ v jaskyni
06:58
was one of the robots fell down ten meters.
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bolo, že jeden robot spadol z výšky desať metrov.
07:08
So one year ago, the US military didn't have these robots.
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Takže pred rokom, vojsko Spojených štátov nemalo týchto robotov.
07:11
Now they're on active duty in Afghanistan every day.
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Teraz sú v aktívnej službe v Afganistane každý deň.
07:13
And that's one of the reasons they say a robot invasion is happening.
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A to je jeden z dôvodov, prečo hovoria, že invázia robotov už prebieha.
07:16
There's a sea change happening in how -- where technology's going.
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Tu je veľká zmena v tom, ako a kam sa uberá technológia.
07:20
Thanks.
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Ďakujem.
07:23
And over the next couple of months,
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A o niekoľko nasledujúcich mesiacov,
07:25
we're going to be sending robots in production
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posielame do výroby roboty
07:28
down producing oil wells to get that last few years of oil out of the ground.
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na vykonávanie ropných vrtov, aby sme dostali tých niekoľko posledných rokov oleja zo zeme.
07:32
Very hostile environments, 150˚ C, 10,000 PSI.
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Veľmi nehostinné prostredia, 150 stupňov Celzia, 10 000 PSI.
07:36
Autonomous robots going down, doing this sort of work.
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Autonómne roboty idú dole a robia tento druh práce.
07:40
But robots like this, they're a little hard to program.
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Ale roboty ako tohto je trochu ťažké programovať.
07:43
How, in the future, are we going to program our robots
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Ako budeme programovať naše roboty v budúcnosti,
07:45
and make them easier to use?
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tak aby sa dali ľahšie používať?
07:47
And I want to actually use a robot here --
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A chcel by som vám ukázať robota --
07:50
a robot named Chris -- stand up. Yeah. Okay.
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robota s menom Chris -- postav sa. Áno. Dobre.
07:57
Come over here. Now notice, he thinks robots have to be a bit stiff.
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Poď sem. Teraz si všimnite, že si myslí, že roboty by mali byť trošku neohybné.
08:01
He sort of does that. But I'm going to --
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On to tak nejako robí. Ale idem --
08:04
Chris Anderson: I'm just British. RB: Oh.
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Chris Anderson: Ja som Brit. RB: Oh.
08:06
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:08
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
08:10
I'm going to show this robot a task. It's a very complex task.
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Idem ukázať tomuto robotovi úlohu. Je to veľmi zložitá úloha.
08:13
Now notice, he nodded there, he was giving me some indication
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Teraz si všimnite, prikývol, naznačil mi,
08:16
he was understanding the flow of communication.
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že porozumel toku komunikácie.
08:19
And if I'd said something completely bizarre
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A keby som povedal niečo úplne bizarné
08:21
he would have looked askance at me, and regulated the conversation.
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pozrel by sa na mňa podozrievavo, a usmernil by konverzáciu.
08:24
So now I brought this up in front of him.
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Takže teraz som doniesol pred neho toto.
08:27
I'd looked at his eyes, and I saw his eyes looked at this bottle top.
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Pozrel by som do jeho očí, a videl, že jeho oči sa upierajú na vrchnák fľaše.
08:31
And I'm doing this task here, and he's checking up.
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A tu vykonávam túto úlohu, a on to kontroluje.
08:33
His eyes are going back and forth up to me, to see what I'm looking at --
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Jeho oči sa pohybujú vzad a vpred, až po mňa, sledujú, na čo sa pozerám ja,
08:36
so we've got shared attention.
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takže zdieľame pozornosť.
08:38
And so I do this task, and he looks, and he looks to me
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A tak vykonávam túto úlohu, a on sa pozerá, a pozerá na mňa
08:41
to see what's happening next. And now I'll give him the bottle,
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aby vedel, čo sa bude odohrávať ďalej. A teraz mu podám fľašu,
08:45
and we'll see if he can do the task. Can you do that?
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a my uvidíme, či môže vykonať úlohu. Môžeš to urobiť?
08:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:50
Okay. He's pretty good. Yeah. Good, good, good.
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OK. Je celkom dobrý. Áno. Dobrý, dobrý, dobrý.
08:54
I didn't show you how to do that.
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Neukázal som ti, ako to urobiť.
08:56
Now see if you can put it back together.
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Teraz uvidíme, či to môžeš dať naspäť dohromady.
08:58
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:00
And he thinks a robot has to be really slow.
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A on si myslí, že robot by mal byť naozaj pomalý.
09:01
Good robot, that's good.
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Dobrý robot, to je dobre.
09:03
So we saw a bunch of things there.
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Takže sme tu videli pár vecí.
09:06
We saw when we're interacting,
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Videli sme, že keď spolupracujeme,
09:09
we're trying to show someone how to do something, we direct their visual attention.
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snažíme sa niekomu ukázať ako niečo urobiť, nasmerujeme ich vizuálnu pozornosť.
09:13
The other thing communicates their internal state to us,
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Iná vec nám vypovedá o ich vnútornom stave,
09:17
whether he's understanding or not, regulates a social interaction.
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či rozumie alebo nie, usmerňuje spoločenskú interakciu.
09:20
There was shared attention looking at the same sort of thing,
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Tam bola zdieľaná pozornosť, keď sme sa pozerali na tú istú vec,
09:22
and recognizing socially communicated reinforcement at the end.
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a rozpoznanie sme dávalo najavo, hlavne na konci.
09:26
And we've been trying to put that into our lab robots
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A my sa snažíme priniesť toto do našich laboratórnych robotov
09:29
because we think this is how you're going to want to interact with robots in the future.
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pretože si myslíme, že takto by ste chceli spolupracovať s robotmi v budúcnosti.
09:33
I just want to show you one technical diagram here.
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Len som vám tu chcel ukázať jeden technický diagram.
09:35
The most important thing for building a robot that you can interact with socially
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Najdôležitejšia vec na stavanie robota je, s ktorým môžete spoločensky interagovať,
09:39
is its visual attention system.
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je jeho vizuálny systém pozorovania.
09:41
Because what it pays attention to is what it's seeing
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Pretože venuje pozornosť tomu, čo vidí
09:44
and interacting with, and what you're understanding what it's doing.
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a s čím interaguje, a čomu rozumiete, čo robí.
09:47
So in the videos I'm about to show you,
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Takže vo videách, ktoré vám hneď ukážem,
09:50
you're going to see a visual attention system on a robot
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uvidíte vizuálny systém pozorovania na robotovi,
09:54
which has -- it looks for skin tone in HSV space,
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ktorý má -- hľadá odtieň pleti v priestore HSV,
09:58
so it works across all human colorings.
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takže spracováva celé, viete, spektrum farieb človeka.
10:02
It looks for highly saturated colors, from toys.
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Hľadá vysoko saturované farby, na hračkách.
10:04
And it looks for things that move around.
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A hľadá veci, ktoré sa v okolí pohybujú.
10:06
And it weights those together into an attention window,
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A spolu ich váhuje v pozorovacom okne,
10:09
and it looks for the highest-scoring place --
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a hľadá miesto s najvyšším ohodnotením --
10:11
the stuff where the most interesting stuff is happening --
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miesto, kde sa dejú najzaujímavejšie veci.
10:13
and that is what its eyes then segue to.
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A tam sa upierajú jeho oči.
10:17
And it looks right at that.
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A pozerá sa presne tam.
10:19
At the same time, some top-down sort of stuff:
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V rovnakom čase, nejaké ďalšie veci:
10:22
might decide that it's lonely and look for skin tone,
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môžu rozhodnúť, že je osamelý a hľadať odtieň pleti,
10:25
or might decide that it's bored and look for a toy to play with.
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alebo rozhodnúť, že sa nudí a začne hľadať hračku na hranie.
10:28
And so these weights change.
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Takže sa zmenia tieto váhy.
10:30
And over here on the right,
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A tu napravo,
10:32
this is what we call the Steven Spielberg memorial module.
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toto voláme Stevenev Spielbergov pamätný modul.
10:35
Did people see the movie "AI"? (Audience: Yes.)
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Videli ste film Umelá inteligencia? Publikum: Áno.
10:37
RB: Yeah, it was really bad, but --
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RB: Áno, to bol veľmi zlý film, ale --
10:39
remember, especially when Haley Joel Osment, the little robot,
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spomínate si, keď Haley Joel Osment, malý robot,
10:43
looked at the blue fairy for 2,000 years without taking his eyes off it?
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sleduje modrú vílu po 2000 rokov, bez toho, aby z nej spustil oči?
10:47
Well, this gets rid of that,
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Nuž, tento sa toho vyvaruje,
10:49
because this is a habituation Gaussian that gets negative,
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lebo toto je návykový Gaussian, ktorý sa stáva záporným,
10:53
and more and more intense as it looks at one thing.
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a intenzívnejším, keď sleduje jednu vec,
10:56
And it gets bored, so it will then look away at something else.
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Nudí sa, preto sa potom začne pozerať na niečo iné.
10:59
So, once you've got that -- and here's a robot, here's Kismet,
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Tak, keď ste to pochopili -- tu je robot, tu je Kismet,
11:03
looking around for a toy. You can tell what it's looking at.
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ktorá hľadá hračku. Môžete rozlíšiť, čo sleduje.
11:07
You can estimate its gaze direction from those eyeballs covering its camera,
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Môžete určiť smer jeho pohľadu z očných gúľ, ktoré pokrývajú jeho kameru,
11:12
and you can tell when it's actually seeing the toy.
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a môžete uhádnuť, kedy sa vlastne pozerá na hračku.
11:15
And it's got a little bit of an emotional response here.
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A má tu malú emocionálnu odozvu.
11:17
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
11:18
But it's still going to pay attention
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Ale stále dáva pozor,
11:20
if something more significant comes into its field of view --
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či niečo významnejšie nepríde do jeho zorného poľa --
11:24
such as Cynthia Breazeal, the builder of this robot, from the right.
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tak ako Cynthia Breazeal, staviteľka tohto robota -- sprava.
11:28
It sees her, pays attention to her.
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Vidí ju, venuje jej pozornosť.
11:33
Kismet has an underlying, three-dimensional emotional space,
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Kismet má základný, trojdimenzionálny emocionálny priestor,
11:37
a vector space, of where it is emotionally.
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priestor vektorov, podľa toho, kde sa emocionálne nachádza.
11:40
And at different places in that space, it expresses --
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A na rôznych miestach v tom priestore prejavuje --
11:46
can we have the volume on here?
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môžeme zapnúť zvuk?
11:48
Can you hear that now, out there? (Audience: Yeah.)
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Počujete to teraz, vy tam? Publikum: Áno.
11:50
Kismet: Do you really think so? Do you really think so?
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Kismet: Naozaj si to myslíš? Naozaj si to myslíš?
11:57
Do you really think so?
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Naozaj si to myslíš?
12:00
RB: So it's expressing its emotion through its face
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RB: Takže vyjadruje emóciu prostredníctvom jeho tváre
12:03
and the prosody in its voice.
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a prozódie v jeho hlase.
12:05
And when I was dealing with my robot over here,
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A keď som sa zaoberal mojím robotom,
12:09
Chris, the robot, was measuring the prosody in my voice,
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Chris, ten robot, meral prozódiu v mojom hlase,
12:12
and so we have the robot measure prosody for four basic messages
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a tak máme robota merajúceho prozódiu pre štyri základné odkazy,
12:17
that mothers give their children pre-linguistically.
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ktoré dávajú matky svojim deťom pre-lingvisticky.
12:21
Here we've got naive subjects praising the robot:
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Tu naivné subjekty chvália robota,
12:26
Voice: Nice robot.
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Hlas: Milý robot.
12:29
You're such a cute little robot.
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Ty si taký zlatý malý robot.
12:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
12:33
RB: And the robot's reacting appropriately.
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A robot príslušne reaguje.
12:35
Voice: ...very good, Kismet.
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Hlas: ... veľmi dobre, Kismet.
12:40
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
12:42
Voice: Look at my smile.
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Hlas: Pozri sa na môj úsmev.
12:46
RB: It smiles. She imitates the smile. This happens a lot.
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RB: Smeje sa. Imituje úsmev. Toto sa stáva často.
12:49
These are naive subjects.
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Toto sú naivné subjekty.
12:51
Here we asked them to get the robot's attention
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Tu sme ich požiadali, aby získali pozornosť robota
12:54
and indicate when they have the robot's attention.
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a ukázali sme im, kedy ju dosiahli.
12:57
Voice: Hey, Kismet, ah, there it is.
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Hlas: Hey, Kismet, ah, tu je.
13:01
RB: So she realizes she has the robot's attention.
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RB: Takže si uvedomila, že má pozornosť robota.
13:08
Voice: Kismet, do you like the toy? Oh.
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Hlas: Kismet, páči sa ti hračka? Oh.
13:13
RB: Now, here they're asked to prohibit the robot,
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RB: Teraz sme ich požiadali zakázať robotovi,
13:15
and this first woman really pushes the robot into an emotional corner.
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a táto žena skutočne posunula robota do emocionálneho uhla.
13:19
Voice: No. No. You're not to do that. No.
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Hlas: Nie. Nie. To neurobíš. Nie.
13:24
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
13:27
Not appropriate. No. No.
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Hlas: Nevhodné. Nie. Nie.
13:33
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
13:36
RB: I'm going to leave it at that.
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RB: Nechám to tu.
13:38
We put that together. Then we put in turn taking.
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Zhrnieme si to. Potom prejdeme na preberanie vedenia konverzácie.
13:40
When we talk to someone, we talk.
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Keď s niekým hovoríme, hovoríme.
13:43
Then we sort of raise our eyebrows, move our eyes,
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Potom akosi zdvíhame obočie, pohybujeme očami,
13:47
give the other person the idea it's their turn to talk.
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naznačujeme druhej osobe, že je na rade.
13:50
And then they talk, and then we pass the baton back and forth between each other.
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A potom hovoria oni, a potom predáme štafetu naspäť a vpred medzi každého.
13:54
So we put this in the robot.
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Takže vložíme toto do robota.
13:56
We got a bunch of naive subjects in,
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Máme dnu pár naivných subjektov,
13:58
we didn't tell them anything about the robot,
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nepovedali sme im nič o robotovi,
14:00
sat them down in front of the robot and said, talk to the robot.
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posadili sme ich pred robota a povedali, hovorte s robotom.
14:02
Now what they didn't know was,
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Čo teraz nevedeli bolo,
14:04
the robot wasn't understanding a word they said,
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že robot im nerozumel ani slovo,
14:06
and that the robot wasn't speaking English.
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a že robot nerozprával anglicky.
14:09
It was just saying random English phonemes.
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Iba hovoril náhodné anglické hlásky.
14:11
And I want you to watch carefully, at the beginning of this,
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A chcem, aby ste pozorne sledovali, ako na začiatku,
14:13
where this person, Ritchie, who happened to talk to the robot for 25 minutes --
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táto osoba, Ritchie, ktorý hovoril s robotom 25 minút --
14:17
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
14:19
-- says, "I want to show you something.
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-- hovori, "Chcem ti niečo ukázať."
14:21
I want to show you my watch."
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Chcem ti ukázať moje hodinky."
14:23
And he brings the watch center, into the robot's field of vision,
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A prináša hodinky do centra, do zorného poľa robota,
14:28
points to it, gives it a motion cue,
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ukazuje na ne, emocionálne ho podnecuje,
14:30
and the robot looks at the watch quite successfully.
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a robot sa celkom úspešne pozerá na hodinky.
14:32
We don't know whether he understood or not that the robot --
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Nevieme, či rozumel alebo nie, že ten robot --
14:36
Notice the turn-taking.
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Všimnite si, ako preberá konverzáciu.
14:38
Ritchie: OK, I want to show you something. OK, this is a watch
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Ritchie: OK, chcem ti niečo ukázať. OK, toto sú hodinky,
14:41
that my girlfriend gave me.
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ktoré my dalo moje dievča.
14:44
Robot: Oh, cool.
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Robot: Oh, super.
14:46
Ritchie: Yeah, look, it's got a little blue light in it too. I almost lost it this week.
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Ritchie: Áno, pozri, tiež majú v sebe modré svetielko. Skoro som ich tento týždeň stratil.
14:51
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
14:55
RB: So it's making eye contact with him, following his eyes.
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RB: Takže s ním nadviazal očný kontakt, sledujúc jeho oči.
14:58
Ritchie: Can you do the same thing? Robot: Yeah, sure.
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Ritchie: Vidíš rovnakú vec? Robot: Áno, určite.
15:00
RB: And they successfully have that sort of communication.
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RB: A úspešne majú tento typ komunikácie.
15:02
And here's another aspect of the sorts of things that Chris and I were doing.
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A tu je iný aspekt typu vecí, ktoré s Chrisom robíme.
15:06
This is another robot, Cog.
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Toto je iný robot, Cog.
15:08
They first make eye contact, and then, when Christie looks over at this toy,
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Najprv nadviažu očný kontakt, a potom, keď sa Christie pozrie na túto hračku,
15:14
the robot estimates her gaze direction
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robot odhadne smer jeho pohľadu
15:16
and looks at the same thing that she's looking at.
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a pozrie sa na tú istú vec ako ona.
15:18
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:19
So we're going to see more and more of this sort of robot
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Takže uvidíme viac a viac tento typ robota
15:22
over the next few years in labs.
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počas nasledujúcich niekoľkých rokov v laboratóriách.
15:24
But then the big questions, two big questions that people ask me are:
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Ale potom máme dve veľké otázky, dve veľké otázky, ktoré sa ma ľudia pýtajú:
15:29
if we make these robots more and more human-like,
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či robíme tieto roboty viac a viac podobnejšie človeku,
15:31
will we accept them, will we -- will they need rights eventually?
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akceptujeme ich, dáme -- budú vôbec potrebovať práva?
15:36
And the other question people ask me is, will they want to take over?
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A druhá otázka, ktorú mi dávajú ľudia je, prevezmú kontrolu?
15:39
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:40
And on the first -- you know, this has been a very Hollywood theme
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K prvej -- viete, toto je veľmi Hollywoodska téma
15:43
with lots of movies. You probably recognize these characters here --
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s mnohými filmami. Pravdepodobne poznáte tieto postavy tu --
15:46
where in each of these cases, the robots want more respect.
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kde v každom z týchto prípadov, roboty chcú väčší rešpekt.
15:50
Well, do you ever need to give robots respect?
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Nuž, potrebujete vôbec preukázať robotom rešpekt?
15:54
They're just machines, after all.
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V konečnom dôsledku, sú to iba stroje.
15:56
But I think, you know, we have to accept that we are just machines.
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Ale myslím si, viete, musíme akceptovať, že aj my sme iba stroje.
16:00
After all, that's certainly what modern molecular biology says about us.
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Po všetkom, to presne o nás hovorí moderná molekulárna biológia.
16:05
You don't see a description of how, you know,
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Nevidíte to, ako
16:08
Molecule A, you know, comes up and docks with this other molecule.
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Molekula A vyjde a zrazí sa s druhou molekulou.
16:12
And it's moving forward, you know, propelled by various charges,
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A pohybuje sa vpred hnaná rôznymi záťažami,
16:15
and then the soul steps in and tweaks those molecules so that they connect.
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a potom vstúpi duša a zakrúti tie molekuly, aby sa spojili.
16:19
It's all mechanistic. We are mechanism.
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Všetko je mechanické, my sme mechanizmy.
16:22
If we are machines, then in principle at least,
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Ak my sme strojmi, potom prinajmenšom,
16:25
we should be able to build machines out of other stuff,
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by sme mali byť schopní stavať stroje z iného materiálu,
16:29
which are just as alive as we are.
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ktorí sú tak živí ako sme my.
16:33
But I think for us to admit that,
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Ale myslím, aby sme si to priznali,
16:35
we have to give up on our special-ness, in a certain way.
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musíme sa vzdať našej špeciálnosti, v určitom zmysle.
16:38
And we've had the retreat from special-ness
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A museli sme ustúpiť našej špeciálnosti,
16:40
under the barrage of science and technology many times
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pod paľbou vedy a technológie
16:43
over the last few hundred years, at least.
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posledných päťsto rokov, prinajmenej.
16:45
500 years ago we had to give up the idea
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Pred 500 rokmi sme sa museli vzdať myšlienky
16:47
that we are the center of the universe
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že sme centrom vesmíru,
16:50
when the earth started to go around the sun;
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keď Zem začala obchádzať okolo Slnka;
16:52
150 years ago, with Darwin, we had to give up the idea we were different from animals.
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pred 150 rokmi, s Darwinom, sme sa museli vzdať myšlienky, že sme odlišní od zvierat.
16:57
And to imagine -- you know, it's always hard for us.
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A pre nás, viete si to predstaviť, je to stále ťažké.
17:00
Recently we've been battered with the idea that maybe
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Viete, v poslednom čase, sa pohrávame s myšlienkou, že možno
17:03
we didn't even have our own creation event, here on earth,
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sme nemali ani vlastnú udalosť vzniku, tu na Zemi,
17:05
which people didn't like much. And then the human genome said,
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čo sa ľuďom veľmi nepáčilo. A ľudský genóm povedal,
17:08
maybe we only have 35,000 genes. And that was really --
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možno máme len 35, 000 génov. A to bolo skutočne --
17:11
people didn't like that, we've got more genes than that.
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ľuďom sa to nepáčilo, máme viac génov.
17:14
We don't like to give up our special-ness, so, you know,
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Neradi sa vzdávame našej špeciálnosti, takže, viete,
17:17
having the idea that robots could really have emotions,
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myšlienka, že roboty by mohli mať city,
17:19
or that robots could be living creatures --
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alebo, že by mohli byť žijúcimi tvormi --
17:21
I think is going to be hard for us to accept.
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myslím, že bude pre nás ťažko akceptovať.
17:23
But we're going to come to accept it over the next 50 years or so.
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Ale akceptujeme to budúcich 50 rokov alebo tak.
17:27
And the second question is, will the machines want to take over?
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A druhá otázka je, budú nás chcieť stroje ovládnuť?
17:30
And here the standard scenario is that we create these things,
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A tu je štandardný scenár, že my tvoríme tieto veci,
17:35
they grow, we nurture them, they learn a lot from us,
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oni rastú, my ich vychováme, oni sa od nás veľa naučia,
17:38
and then they start to decide that we're pretty boring, slow.
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a potom sa začnú rozhodovať, že my sme dosť nudní, pomalí.
17:42
They want to take over from us.
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Chcú prevziať kontrolu nad nami.
17:44
And for those of you that have teenagers, you know what that's like.
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A tí z vás, ktorí máte teenagerov, viete aké to je.
17:47
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
17:48
But Hollywood extends it to the robots.
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Ale Hollywood to rozširuje na robotov.
17:51
And the question is, you know,
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A otázka je, viete,
17:54
will someone accidentally build a robot that takes over from us?
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postaví niekto omylom robota, ktorý preberie kontrolu nad nami?
17:58
And that's sort of like this lone guy in the backyard,
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A to je ako s tým osamelým chlapcom v poslednej lavici,
18:01
you know -- "I accidentally built a 747."
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a viete, "Náhodou som postavil 747 (Boeing)"
18:04
I don't think that's going to happen.
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Nemyslím si, že sa to stane.
18:06
And I don't think --
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A nemyslím si --
18:08
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
18:09
-- I don't think we're going to deliberately build robots
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-- ja si nemyslím, že zámerne budeme stavať roboty,
18:12
that we're uncomfortable with.
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s ktorými sa budeme cítiť nepríjemne.
18:14
We'll -- you know, they're not going to have a super bad robot.
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Nuž -- viete, nebudú mať super zlého robota.
18:16
Before that has to come to be a mildly bad robot,
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Pred ním musí prísť stredne zlý robot,
18:19
and before that a not so bad robot.
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a pred ním nie tak zlý robot.
18:21
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
18:22
And we're just not going to let it go that way.
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A jednoducho nedopustíme, aby to išlo takým smerom.
18:24
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
18:25
So, I think I'm going to leave it at that: the robots are coming,
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Takže si myslím, že to nechám tu: roboty prichádzajú,
18:31
we don't have too much to worry about, it's going to be a lot of fun,
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nemali by sme sa tým znepokojovať, bude to veľa zábavy,
18:34
and I hope you all enjoy the journey over the next 50 years.
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a ja dúfam, že všetci si túto cestu v nasledujúcich 50 rokoch užijete.
18:38
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rodney Brooks - RoboticistRodney Brooks builds robots based on biological principles of movement and reasoning. The goal: a robot who can figure things out.
Why you should listen
Former MIT professor Rodney Brooks studies and engineers robot intelligence, looking for the holy grail of robotics: the AGI, or artificial general intelligence. For decades, we've been building robots to do highly specific tasks -- welding, riveting, delivering interoffice mail -- but what we all want, really, is a robot that can figure things out on its own, the way we humans do.
Brooks realized that a top-down approach -- just building the biggest brain possible and teaching it everything we could think of -- would never work. What would work is a robot who learns like we do, by trial and error, and with many separate parts that learn separate jobs. The thesis of his work which was captured in Fast, Cheap and Out of Control,went on to become the title of the great Errol Morris documentary.
A founder of iRobot, makers of the Roomba vacuum, Brooks is now founder and CTO of Rethink Robotics, whose mission is to apply advanced robotic intelligence to manufacturing and physical labor. Its first robots: the versatile two-armed Baxter and one-armed Sawyer. Brooks is the former director of CSAIL, MIT's Computers Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
Rodney Brooks | Speaker | TED.com