TEDGlobal 2009
Loretta Napoleoni: The intricate economics of terrorism
Loretta Napoleoni: Zložitá ekonomika terorizmu
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Loretta Napoleoni hovorí o svojej výnimočnej príležitosti rozprávať sa s tajnostkárskymi talianskými Červenými brigádami - skúsenosti, ktorá podnietila celoživotný záujem o terorizmus. Spoza opony predstavuje ich zložitú ekonomiku a prekvapujúce prepojenie medzi praním peňazí a legislatívou Spojených Štátov (Patriot Act).
Loretta Napoleoni - Macroeconomist
She made her name following the dollars in terrorist networks, but now Loretta Napoleoni is on the trail of something far more sinister -- the gray zone where crime and unregulated credit meet. Full bio
She made her name following the dollars in terrorist networks, but now Loretta Napoleoni is on the trail of something far more sinister -- the gray zone where crime and unregulated credit meet. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm going to show you how terrorism
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Ukážem Vám, ako terorizmus
00:18
actually interacts with our daily life.
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ovplyvňuje náš každodenný život.
00:21
15 years ago I received a phone call from a friend.
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Pred 15 rokmi mi zatelefonoval priateľ.
00:25
At the time he was looking after the rights of political prisoners
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Zaoberal sa vtedy právami politických väzňov
00:28
in Italian jails.
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v talianskych väzniciach.
00:31
He asked me if I wanted to interview the Red Brigades.
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Spýtal sa ma, či chcem vypočuť Červené brigády.
00:35
Now, as many of you may remember,
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Možno si spomeniete, že
00:37
the Red Brigades was a terrorist, Marxist organization
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Červené brigády boli teroristická, marxistická organizácia
00:41
which was very active in Italy
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veľmi aktívna v Taliansku
00:43
from the 1960s until the mid-1980s.
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od 60-tych do polovice 80-tych rokov.
00:47
As part of their strategy
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Súčasťou ich stratégie bolo
00:49
the Red Brigades never spoke with anybody, not even with their lawyers.
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nehovoriť s nikým, ani len so svojimi právnikmi.
00:53
They sat in silence through their trails,
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V tichosti presedeli súdne konania,
00:57
waving occasionally at family and friends.
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občas zamávali rodine a priateľom.
01:01
In 1993 they declared the end of the armed struggle.
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V 1993 vyhlásili koniec ozbrojeného odporu.
01:07
And they drew a list of people with whom they would talk,
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A spísali zoznam ľudí, ktorým by
01:09
and tell their story.
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povedali svoj príbeh.
01:11
And I was one of those people.
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Ja som bola jednou z týchto ľudí.
01:14
When I asked my friend why the Red Brigades want to talk to me,
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Môj známy na otázku, prečo Červené brigády chcú hovoriť so mnou,
01:17
he said that the female members of the organization
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odpovedal, že ženy v tejto organizácii
01:21
had actually supported my name.
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podporili moje meno.
01:24
In particular, one person had put it forward.
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Vyslovila sa za mňa hlavne jedna osoba.
01:27
She was my childhood friend.
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Bola to moja priateľka z detstva.
01:30
She had joined the Red Brigades
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Vstúpila do Červených brigád
01:32
and became a leader of the organization.
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a stala sa šéfkou organizácie.
01:35
Naturally, I didn't know that
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Samozrejme som o tom nevedela
01:37
until the day she was arrested.
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až kým ju nezatkli.
01:39
In fact, I read it in the newspaper.
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Čítala som o tom v novinách.
01:43
At the time of the phone call
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Tesne pred týmto telefonátom
01:45
I just had a baby,
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sa mi práve narodilo dieťa,
01:47
I successfully completed a management buyout
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úspešne som predala podiel na firme
01:49
to the company I was working with,
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spoločnosti, s ktorou som robila
01:52
and the last thing I wanted to do was to go back home
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a úplne posledným z mojich želaní bolo vrátiť sa domov
01:55
and touring the high-security prisons.
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a behať po vysoko-bezpečných väzniciach.
01:58
But this is exactly what I did
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No a presne to som spravila,
02:01
because I wanted to know
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lebo som bola zvedavá,
02:03
what had turned my best friend
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čo zmenilo moju najlepšiu kamarátku
02:05
into a terrorist,
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na teroristku
02:07
and why she'd never tried to recruit me.
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a prečo ma nikdy neskúsila zverbovať.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:13
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
02:16
So, this is exactly what I did.
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Takže presne to som spravila.
02:21
Now, I found the answer very quickly.
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Odpoveď som našla veľmi rýchlo.
02:25
I actually had failed
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Neprešla som
02:27
the psychological profiling of a terrorist.
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psychologickým profilovaním teroristu.
02:30
The center committee of the Red Brigades
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Centrálny výbor Červených brigád
02:32
had judged me too single-minded
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ma posúdil ako príliš zaujatú a
02:34
and too opinionated to become a good terrorist.
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príliš presvedčenú na to, any som bola dobrou teroristkou.
02:38
My friend, on the other hand, she was a good terrorist
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Na strane druhej, moja priateľka bola dobrá teroristka,
02:41
because she was very good at following orders.
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lebo veľmi dobre plnila príkazy.
02:44
She also embraced violence.
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Tiež prijala násilie.
02:47
Because she believed that the only way
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Verila, že jedinou cestou
02:49
to unblock what, at the time,
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odblokovania krajiny, ktorá bola vtedy
02:52
was known as a blocked democracy,
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známa ako blokovaná demokracia,
02:54
Italy, a country run by the same party for 35 years
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Talianska, krajiny vedenou tou istou stranou už 35 rokov,
02:58
was the arms struggle.
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bolo ozbrojené násilie.
03:02
At the same time, while I was interviewing the Red Brigades,
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Počas vypočúvania Červených brigád som vtedy
03:05
I also discovered that their life was not ruled
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zistila, že ich život nebol riadený
03:08
by politics or ideology,
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politikou alebo ideológiou,
03:11
but actually was ruled by economics.
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ale bol vlastne riadený ekonomikou.
03:14
They were constantly short of cash.
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Neustále trpeli nedostatkom peňazí.
03:17
They were constantly searching for cash.
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Neustále hľadali peniaze.
03:20
Now, contrary to what many people believe,
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Inak, ako si myslí väčšina ľudí,
03:22
terrorism is actually a very expensive business.
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terorizmus je v podstate veľmi drahý biznis.
03:26
I'll give you an idea.
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Pre predstavu uvediem, źe
03:28
In the 1970s, the turnover of the Red Brigades
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v 70-tych rokoch bol ročný
03:33
on a yearly basis
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obrat Červených brigád
03:35
was seven million dollars.
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sedem miliónov dolárov.
03:37
This is roughly between 100
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V dnešných číslach je to 100
03:39
and 150 million, today.
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až 150 miliónov dolárov.
03:41
Now, you know, if you live underground
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Viete si predstaviť, že undergroundovým životom
03:44
it's really hard to produce this amount of money.
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je veľmí ťažké vyprodukovať takéto množstvo peňazí.
03:49
But this also explains why, when I was interviewing the Red Brigades,
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Vysvetľuje to ale, prečo pri vypočúvaní Červených brigád
03:53
and then, later on, other arms organizations,
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a neskôr iných ozbrojených organizácií
03:56
including members of al-Zarqawi group in the Middle East,
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vrátane členov al-Zarqawiho skupiny v Strednom Východe,
04:01
everybody was extremely reluctant
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sa všetci úpenlivo vyhýbali
04:04
to talk about ideology, or politics.
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rozhovoru o ideológii a politike.
04:07
Because they had no idea.
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Pretože nemali žiadne názory.
04:09
The political vision of a terrorist organization
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O politickej vízii organizácie
04:13
is decided by the leadership,
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rozhoduje jej vedenie,
04:16
which, generally, is never more than five to seven people.
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väčšinou je to maximálne päť až sedem ľudí.
04:19
All the others do, day in and day out,
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Všetci ostatní od nevidím do nevidím
04:22
is search for money.
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hľadajú peniaze.
04:24
Once, for example, I was interviewing
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Raz som napríklad vypočúvala
04:26
this part-timer from the Red Brigades.
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jedného červenobrigádnika na čiastočný úväzok.
04:29
It was a psychiatrist. He loved sailing.
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Bol psychiatrom. Miloval plachtenie.
04:31
He was a really keen sailor. And he had this beautiful boat.
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Bol vskutku nadšeným námorníkom, mal krásnu loď.
04:35
And he told me that the best time of his life
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Povedal mi, že najkrajšiu časť svojho života
04:37
was when he was a member of the Red Brigades
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strávil ako člen Červených brigád,
04:40
and he went sailing, every summer, back and forth
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keď plachtil každé leto hore dole
04:42
from Lebanon, where he would pick up
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z Libanonu, kde vyzdvihol
04:44
Soviet weapons from the PLO,
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sovietske zbrane od OOP
04:46
and then carry them all the way to Sardinia
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a viezol ich potom až na Sardíniu,
04:49
where the other arms organization from Europe would go
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kde si iné ozbrojené organizácie z Európy
04:52
and take their share of the arms.
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vyzdvihli svôj podiel na zbraniach.
04:55
For that service the Red Brigades were actually paid a fee,
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Za túto službu Červené brigády dostávali poplatok,
04:59
which went to fund their organization.
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ktorý financoval ich organizáciu.
05:02
So, because I am a trained economist
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Pretože som vycvičenou ekonómkou
05:05
and I think in economic terms,
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a myslím v enokomických kategóriách,
05:07
all of the sudden I thought,
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došlo mi zrazu,
05:09
maybe there is something here.
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že na tom niečo je.
05:11
Maybe there is a link, a commercial link,
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Možno je tam prepojenie, komerčné prepojenie
05:13
between one organization and another one.
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jednej organizácie s druhou.
05:17
But it was only when I interviewed
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Až neskôr pri vypočúvaní
05:20
Mario Moretti, the head of the Red Brigades,
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Maria Morettiho, hlavy Červených brigád,
05:24
the man who kidnapped and killed Aldo Moro,
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ktorý uniesol a zabil Alda Moreho,
05:27
Italian former prime minister,
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bývalého talianského premiéra,
05:30
that I finally realized
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som si konečne uvedomila,
05:32
that terrorism is actually business.
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že terorizmus je vlastne biznis.
05:35
I was having lunch with him
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Jedli sme spolu obed
05:37
in a high-security prison in Italy.
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vo vysoko-chránenej väznici v Taliansku.
05:39
And as we were eating,
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Ako sme jedli,
05:42
I had the distinct feeling
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som mala pocit,
05:44
that I was back in the city of London,
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že som späť v Londýne
05:47
having lunch with a fellow banker or an economist.
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na obede s kolegom bankárom alebo ekonómom.
05:51
This guy thought in the same way I did.
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Tento muž myslel presne mojim spôsobom.
05:55
So, I decided that I wanted to investigate the economics of terrorism.
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Rozhodla som sa teda študovať ekonomiku terorizmu.
06:01
Naturally, nobody wanted to fund my research.
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Samozrejme, nikto nechcel financovať môj výskum.
06:05
In fact, I think many people thought that I was a bit crazy.
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Mnoho ľudí si podľa mňa myslelo, že mi trochu šibe.
06:07
You know, that woman that goes around to foundations
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Viete, tá žena, čo behá po nadáciách
06:10
asking for money, thinking about the economics of terrorism.
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vypytujúc si peniaze na ekonomiku terorizmu.
06:14
So, in the end, I took a decision
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Moje rozhodnutie mi nakoniec -
06:17
that, in retrospect, did change my life.
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v spätnom pohľade - zmenilo život.
06:20
I sold my company,
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Predala som svoju firmu
06:22
and funded the research myself.
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na samofinancovanie výskumu.
06:25
And what I discovered
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A objavila som
06:27
is this parallel reality,
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túto paralelnú realitu,
06:29
another international economic system,
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iný medzinarodný ekonomický systém,
06:33
which runs parallel to our own,
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ktorý beží paralelne s našim,
06:36
which has been created by arms organizations
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vytvorený ozbrojenými organizáciami
06:38
since the end of World War II.
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od konca 2. svetovej vojny.
06:40
And what is even more shocking
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Ešte šokujúcejšie je,
06:42
is that this system
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že tento systém
06:46
has followed, step by step, the evolution
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sledoval krok za krokom vývoj
06:49
of our own system,
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nášho systému,
06:51
of our Western capitalism.
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nášho západného kapitalizmu.
06:53
And there are three main stages.
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A to v troch hlavných etapách.
06:56
The first one is the state sponsor of terrorism.
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Prvou je štátom sponzorovaný terorizmus.
06:59
The second one is the privatization of terrorism.
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Druhou je privatizácia terorizmu.
07:02
And the third, of course, is the globalization of terrorism.
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A treťou, samozrejme, globalizácia terorizmu.
07:06
So, state sponsor of terrorism,
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Štátom sponzorovaný terorizmus
07:09
feature of the Cold War.
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je črtou Studenej vojny.
07:11
This is when the two superpowers were fighting
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Dve superveľmoci vtedy viedli
07:13
a war by proxy,
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vojnu prostredníctvom tretích
07:15
along the periphery of the sphere of influence,
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pozdĺž periférie zóny vplyvu
07:18
fully funding arms organizations.
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financujúc ozbrojené organizácie.
07:21
A mix of legal and illegal activities is used.
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Používala sa zmes legálnych a ilegálnych aktivít.
07:24
So, the link between crime and terror
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Prepojenie medzi kriminalitou a terorom
07:27
is established very early on.
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sa tak vytvorilo veľmi skoro.
07:30
And here is the best example,
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Najlepším príkladom sú
07:32
the Contras in Nicaragua, created by the CIA,
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Contras v Nikarague vytvorené CIA,
07:35
legally funded by the U.S. Congress,
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legálne financované kongresom Spojených Štátov,
07:38
illegally funded by the Reagan administration
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ilegálne financované Reaganovou administratívou
07:41
via covert operation, for example, the Iran-Contra Affair.
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cez utajené operácie, ako tiež napríklad Iránska contra aféra.
07:47
Then comes the late 1970s, early '80s,
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Prišli neskoré 70-te a skoré 80-te roky
07:50
and some groups successfully carry out
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a niektoré skupiny úspešne
07:53
the privatization of terrorism.
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sprivatizovali terorizmus
07:55
So, they gain independence from the sponsor,
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na získanie nezávislosti od štátu
07:58
and start funding themselves.
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a začiatku samofinancovania.
08:02
Now, again we see a mix of legal and illegal activities.
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Znova vidíme mix legálnych a nelegálnych aktivít.
08:07
So, Arafat used to get a percentage
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Arafat získaval percentá
08:10
of the smuggling of hashish
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za pašovanie hašišu
08:13
from Bekáa Valley, which is the valley between Lebanon and Syria.
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z údolia Bekáa medzi Libanonom a Sýriou.
08:17
And the IRA, which control the private transportation system
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A IRA, ktorá kontrolovala súkromný dopravný systém
08:21
in Northern Ireland, did exactly the same thing.
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v Severnom Írsku spravila presne to isté.
08:24
So, every single time
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Zakaždým, keď
08:26
that somebody got into a taxi in Belfast
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niekto v Belfaste išiel taxíkom,
08:29
without knowing, actually,
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bez toho, aby o tom vedel,
08:31
was funding the IRA.
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financoval IRA.
08:34
But the great change came, of course,
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Najväčšia zmena prišla ale samozrejme
08:36
with globalization and deregulation.
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s globalizáciou a dereguláciou.
08:39
This is when arms organization were able to link up,
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Umožnilo to organizáciám navzájom sa
08:42
also financially, with each other.
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finančne pospájať.
08:44
But above all, they started to do
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Hlavne začali seriózne
08:46
serious business with the world of crime.
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obchodovať s kriminálnym svetom.
08:49
And together they money-laundered
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Spoločne prali peniaze zo
08:51
their dirty business through the same channel.
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svojho špinavého biznisu tým istým kanálom.
08:55
This is when we see the birth of the transnational
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Takto sa zrodila nadnárodná
08:58
arms organization Al Qaeda.
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ozbrojená organizácia Al Kajdá.
09:01
This is an organization that can raise money across border.
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Táto organizácia vie zbierať peniaze bezohľadu na hranice.
09:04
But also that is able to carry out attacks
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Tiež vie vykonať útoky
09:07
in more than one country.
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viac ako v jednej krajine.
09:10
Now, deregulation also brought back
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Deregulácia priniesla späť so sebou
09:13
rogue economics.
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zločineckú ekonomiku.
09:15
So what is rogue economics?
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Čo je zločinecká ekonomika?
09:17
Rogue economics is a force which is constantly
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Zločinecká ekonomika je sila, ktorá neustále
09:19
lurking in the background of history.
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číha na pozadí histórie.
09:23
It comes back at times of great transformation,
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Prichádza späť v časoch veľkej transformácie
09:26
globalization being one of those transformations.
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a globalizácia je jednou z takých transformácií.
09:29
It is at this times in which
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Je to v časoch, kedy
09:32
politics actually loses control of the economy,
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politika stráca kontrolu nad ekonomikou
09:35
and the economy becomes a rogue force
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a ekonomika sa stane zločineckou silou,
09:38
working against us.
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ktorá pôsobí proti nám.
09:40
It has happened before in history.
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Stalo sa to v histórii.
09:41
It has happened with the fall of the Roman Empire.
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Stalo sa to s pádom Rímskej ríše.
09:45
It has happened with Industrial Revolution.
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Stalo sa to s priemyselnou revolúciou.
09:47
And it actually happened again, with the fall of the Berlin wall.
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A stalo sa to znova s pádom Berlínskeho múra.
09:52
Now, I calculated how big was this international
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Vypočítala som veľkosť tohoto medzinárodného
09:57
economic system composed by crime,
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ekonomického systému pozostávajúceho z kriminality,
09:59
terror, and illegal economy,
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teroru a ilegálnej ekonomiky
10:02
before 9-11.
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pred 9-11.
10:04
And it is a staggering 1.5 trillion dollars.
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Je to zarážajúci 1,5 bilión dolárov.
10:09
It is trillions, it's not billions.
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Sú to bilióny, nie miliardy.
10:11
This is about twice the GDP of the United Kingdom,
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Je to približne dvojnásobok HDP Spojeného Kráľovstva
10:14
soon will be more,
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a čoskoro to bude viac
10:16
considering where this country is going.
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vzhľadom na to, kam smeruje táto krajina.
10:18
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:21
Now, until 9-11,
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Pred 9-11
10:23
the bulk of all this money
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väčšina týchto peňazí
10:25
flew into the U.S. economy
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tiekla do ekonomiky USA
10:27
because the bulk of the money was denominated in U.S. dollars
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pretože bola denominovaná v US dolároch
10:31
and the money laundering was taking place
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a pranie peňazí sa dialo
10:34
inside the United States.
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vnútri USA.
10:36
The entry point, of course, of most of this money
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Vstupným bodom týchto peňazí boli samozrejme
10:39
were the off-shore facilities.
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daňové raje.
10:41
So, this was a vital injection of cash
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Bola to teda vitálna injekcia hotovosti
10:45
into the U.S. economy.
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do ekonomiky USA.
10:48
Now, when I went to look at the figures of the U.S. money supply,
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Pozrela som sa na hodnotu ponuky peňazí v USA,
10:53
the U.S. money supply is the amount
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ponuka peňazí v USA je množstvo
10:55
of dollars that the Federal Reserve
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dolárov, ktoré národná banka
10:58
prints every year
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vytlačí každý rok
11:00
in order to satisfy
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na uspokojenie
11:02
the increase in the demand for dollars,
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rastu dopytu po dolároch,
11:05
which, of course, reflects the growth
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ktorý odráža rast
11:07
of the economy.
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ekonomiky.
11:09
So, when I went to look at those figures, I noted that since the late 1960s
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Keď som sa teda pozrela na tieto čisla, všimla som si, že od 1960-tych
11:13
a growing number of these dollars
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rastúci počet dolárov
11:17
was actually leaving the United States,
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opúšťal Spojené Štáty
11:19
never to come back.
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a už sa nikdy nevrátil.
11:22
These were money taken out
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Boli to peniaze odnesené
11:24
in suitcases or in containers, in cash of course.
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v kufroch alebo kontajneroch, samozrejme v hotovosti.
11:28
These were money taken out by criminals and money launderers.
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Boli to peniaze odnesené zločincami a pračmi peňazí.
11:31
These were money taken out to fund
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Boli to peniaze odnesené na financovanie
11:34
the growth of the terror,
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rastu teroru,
11:36
illegal and criminal economy.
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ilegálnej a kriminálnej ekonomiky.
11:40
So, you see, what is the relationship?
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Aký je to vzťah?
11:44
The United States actually is a country
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Spojené Štáty sú vlastne krajinou,
11:48
that is the reserve currency of the world.
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ktorá je rezervnou menou sveta.
11:52
What does it mean? That means that
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Čo to znamená? Znamená to,
11:54
it has a privilege that other countries do not have.
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že má výhodu, ktoré iné krajiny nemajú.
11:57
It can borrow against the total amount of dollars
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Može si požičat proti celkovému množstvu dolárov
12:01
in circulation in the world.
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v obehu po svete.
12:03
This privilege is called seigniorage.
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Toto privilégium sa nazýva razobné.
12:06
No other country can do that.
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Nemá ho žiadna iná krajina.
12:09
All the other countries, for example the United Kingdom,
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Všetky ostatné krajiny, napríklad Spojené Kráľovstvo
12:11
can borrow only against the amount of money
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si môžu požičať len proti množstvu peňazí
12:15
in circulation inside its own borders.
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v obehu vnútri vlastných hraníc.
12:19
So, here is the implication of the relationship
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A tu je dôsledok vzťahu
12:21
between the worlds of crime, terror, and illegal economy, and our economy.
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medzi svetom kriminality, teroru a ilegálnej ekonomiky na našu ekonomiku.
12:26
The U.S. in the 1990s
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USA si v 90-tych rokoch
12:29
was borrowing against the growth
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požičiavali oproti rastu
12:31
of the terror, illegal and criminal economy.
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teroru, ilegálnej a kriminálnej ekonomiky.
12:35
This is how close we are with this world.
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Takto úzko sme prepojení s týmto svetom.
12:40
Now, this situation changed, of course, after 9-11,
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Situácia sa po 9-11 samozrejme zmenila,
12:42
because George Bush launched the War on Terror.
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pretože George Bush vyhlásil vojnu proti teroru.
12:45
Part of the War on Terror
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Časťou vojny proti teroru
12:47
was the introduction of the Patriot Act.
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bolo zavedenie zákona Patriot Act.
12:50
Now, many of you know that the Patriot Act
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Mnohí z Vás vedia, že Patriot Act
12:52
is a legislation that greatly reduces
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je legislatíva, ktorá významne ohraničuje
12:55
the liberties of Americans in order to protect them
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slobodu Američanov kvôli ich ochrane
12:58
against terrorism.
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proti terorizmu.
13:00
But there is a section of the Patriot Act
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V Patriot Act je však sekcia,
13:02
which refers specifically to finance.
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ktorá sa vzťahuje na financie.
13:04
And it is, in fact, an anti-money-laundering legislation.
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Tým je teda aj legislatívou proti praniu peňazí.
13:08
What the Patriot Act did was
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Tento zákon
13:10
to prohibit U.S. bank,
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zakázal US bankám a
13:12
and U.S.-registered foreign banks
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zahraničným bankám registrovaným v USA
13:14
from doing any businesses with off-shore facilities.
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obchodovať s daňovými rajmi.
13:18
It closed that door between the money laundering
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Zavrel dvere medzi praním peňazí
13:21
in dollars, and the U.S. economy.
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v dolároch a US ekonomikou.
13:24
It also gave the U.S. monetary authorities
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Tiež umožnil monetárnym úradom v USA
13:29
the right to monitor any dollar transaction
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monitorovať akékoľvek dolárové tranzakcie
13:32
taking place anywhere in the world.
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uskutočňujúce sa kdekoľvek vo svete.
13:36
Now, you can imagine what was the reaction of the international
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Viete si predstaviť reakciu medzinárodného
13:38
finance and banking.
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finančníctva a bankovníctva.
13:40
All the bankers said to their clients,
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Všetky banky povedali svojim klientom
13:43
"Get out of the dollars and go and invest somewhere else."
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"Vystúpte z dolárov a investujte niekde inde."
13:46
Now, the Euro was a newly born currency
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Euro bola čerstvo zrodená mena
13:49
of great opportunity for business, and, of course, for investment.
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veľkých možností pre biznis a samozrejme investície.
13:53
And this is what people did.
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A presne toto ľudia urobili.
13:55
Nobody wants the U.S. monetary authority
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Nikto nechce aby monetárne úrady USA
13:57
to check their relationship,
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kontrolovali a
13:59
to monitor their relationship with their clientele.
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monitorovali ich vzťah s klientami.
14:03
The same thing happened, of course,
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Presne to isté sa samozrejme stalo
14:05
in the world of crime and terror.
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vo svete kriminality a teroru.
14:09
People simply moved their money-laundering activities
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Ľudia jednoducho presunuli pranie peňazí
14:14
away from the United States
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z USA
14:17
into Europe.
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do Európy.
14:20
Why did this happen? This happened because
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Prečo sa to stalo? Stalo sa to, lebo
14:22
the Patriot Act was a unilateral legislation.
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zákon (Patriot Act) bol unilaterálny.
14:25
It was introduced only in the United States.
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Bol zavedený len v USA.
14:27
And it was introduced only for the U.S. dollars.
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A bol zavedený len pre US doláre.
14:30
In Europe, a similar legislation
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V Európe podobná legislatíva
14:32
was not introduced.
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zavedená nebola.
14:34
So, within six months
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Takže v priebehu šiestich mesiacov
14:36
Europe became the epicenter
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sa Európa stala epicentrom
14:38
of the money-laundering activities
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prania peňazí
14:41
of the world.
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vo svete.
14:44
So, this is how incredible are the relationship
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Takýto neuveriteľný je vzťah
14:48
between the world of crime
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medzi svetom kriminality,
14:50
and the world of terror,
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svetom teroru
14:52
and our own life.
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a našim vlastným životom.
14:55
So, why did I tell you this story?
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Prečo Vám to hovorím?
14:57
I told you this story because you
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Rozprávam tento príbeh,
14:59
must understand that there is a world
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pretože musíte pochopiť, že existuje svet,
15:02
that goes well beyond the headlines of the newspapers,
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ktorý sa tiahne daľeko za titulkami v novinách,
15:06
including the personal relationship that you have
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vrátane osobných vzťahov, ktoré máte
15:08
with friends and family.
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s priateľmi a rodinou.
15:11
You got to question everything that is told to you,
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Musíte pochybovať o všetkom, čo je Vám povedané
15:14
including what I just told you today.
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vrátane toho, čo som Vám dnes povedala ja.
15:16
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:18
This is the only way for you
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Je to jediný spôsob, akým
15:20
to step into the dark side, and have a look at it.
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môžete nahliadnuť aj do tmavej strany.
15:23
And believe me,
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Verte mi,
15:25
it's going to be scary.
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bude to nahánať strach.
15:27
It's going to be frightful, but it's going to enlighten you.
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Bude to strašidelné, ale osvieti Vás to.
15:30
And, above all, it's not going to be boring.
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A nadovšetko to nebude nudné.
15:33
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:35
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Loretta Napoleoni - MacroeconomistShe made her name following the dollars in terrorist networks, but now Loretta Napoleoni is on the trail of something far more sinister -- the gray zone where crime and unregulated credit meet.
Why you should listen
Once it was easy to know where our money was going. Now we live under a system Loretta Napoleoni has dubbed "rogue economics," where the blurry histories of the products we consume and the cash we invest make us complicit in financing barely legal credit schemes -- and even crime, if it's the slavery producing the beans for our lattes or the guts of our mobile phones.
The reach of the newly global market, as Napoleoni argues in her new book, Rogue Economics: Capitalism's New Reality, connects us all to the dark side, regardless of our intentions to be responsible -- and, she says, our deep connection to fishy credit and unregulated finance has laid the groundwork for the current economic crisis. Her previous book, Terror Incorporated, dives into the true economic impact of terrorism.
Loretta Napoleoni | Speaker | TED.com