ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBrussels

Mikko Hypponen: Three types of online attack

Miko Hiponen (Mikko Hypponen): 3 tipa napada na internetu

Filmed:
1,057,532 views

Stručnjak za sajber kriminal Miko Hiponen nas vodi kroz tri tipa napada na internetu, na našu privatnost i podatke - i samo dva se smatraju zločinom. "Da li slepo verujemo bilo kojoj budućoj vladi? Jer svako pravo kojeg se odreknemo, biće zauvek oduzeto."
- Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:20
In the 1980s
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1980-ih
00:23
in the communistkomunistički EasternIstočne GermanyNemačka,
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u komunističkoj Istočnoj Nemačkoj,
00:26
if you ownedвласништво a typewriterписаћа машина,
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ako ste imali pisaću mašinu,
00:30
you had to registerрегистровати it with the governmentвлада.
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to ste morali da prijavite kod vlade.
00:32
You had to registerрегистровати
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Morali ste da predate
00:34
a sampleузорак sheetлист of textтекст
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list teksta kao uzorak
00:36
out of the typewriterписаћа машина.
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sa vaše pisaće mašine.
00:38
And this was doneГотово
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Ovo se radilo
00:40
so the governmentвлада could trackтрацк where textтекст was comingдолазе from.
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kako bi vlada mogla da prati
odakle dolazi tekst.
00:43
If they foundнашао a paperпапир
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Ako bi našli papir
00:46
whichкоја had the wrongпогрешно kindкинд of thought,
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sa pogrešnom vrstom misli,
00:49
they could trackтрацк down
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mogli su da uđu u trag
00:51
who createdстворено that thought.
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onom ko je bio njen tvorac.
00:53
And we in the WestZapad
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Mi na Zapadu
00:56
couldn'tније могао understandРазумем how anybodyбило ко could do this,
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nismo mogli da razumemo
kako bi neko mogao da radi ovo,
00:59
how much this would restrictограничити freedomслобода of speechговор.
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koliko bi ovo ograničilo slobodu govora.
01:02
We would never do that
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Mi nikada ne bismo to uradili
01:04
in our ownвластити countriesземље.
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u svojim zemljama.
01:07
But todayданас in 2011,
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Ali danas u 2011.
01:10
if you go and buyкупити a colorбоја laserласер printerштампач
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ako kupite laserski štampač u boji
01:14
from any majorглавни laserласер printerштампач manufacturerпроизвођач
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bilo kog većeg proizvođača laserskih štampača
01:17
and printпринт a pageстрана,
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i odštampate stranicu,
01:19
that pageстрана will endкрај up
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ona će imati
01:21
havingимати slightблаго yellowжуто dotstačke
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blage žute tačke
01:24
printedштампани on everyсваки singleједно pageстрана
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na svakoj pojedinačnoj stranici
01:26
in a patternобразац whichкоја makesчини the pageстрана uniqueјединствен
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u šablonu koji stranicu čini jedinstvenom
01:29
to you and to your printerштампач.
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za vas i vaš štampač.
01:33
This is happeningдогађај
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Ovo se dešava
01:35
to us todayданас.
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nama danas.
01:38
And nobodyнико seemsИзгледа to be makingстварање a fussfrka about it.
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I niko ne diže prašinu zbog ovoga.
01:42
And this is an exampleпример
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Ovo je primer
01:45
of the waysначини
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načina na koji
01:47
that our ownвластити governmentsвлада
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naše vlade
01:50
are usingКористећи technologyтехнологија
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koriste tehnologiju
01:52
againstпротив us, the citizensГрађани.
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protiv nas, građana.
01:56
And this is one of the mainглавни threeтри sourcesизвори
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Ovo je jedan od tri glavna izvora
01:59
of onlineонлине problemsпроблеми todayданас.
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problema na internetu danas.
02:01
If we take a look at what's really happeningдогађај in the onlineонлине worldсвет,
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Ako pogledamo na to
šta se zaista dešava u svetu interneta,
02:04
we can groupгрупа the attacksнапади basedзаснован on the attackersNapadači su.
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napade možemo grupisati
na osnovu napadača.
02:07
We have threeтри mainглавни groupsгрупе.
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Imamo tri glavne grupe.
02:09
We have onlineонлине criminalskriminalci.
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Imamo internet kriminalce.
02:11
Like here, we have MrG.. DimitryDimitry GolubovGolubov
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Kao što je gospodin Dimitri Golubov ovde
02:13
from the cityград of KievIz Kijeva in UkraineUkrajina.
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iz grada Kijeva iz Ukrajine.
02:15
And the motivesmotivi of onlineонлине criminalskriminalci
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Motivi internet kriminalaca
02:18
are very easyлако to understandРазумем.
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su veoma laki za razumeti.
02:20
These guys make moneyновац.
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Ovi ljudi zarađuju novac.
02:22
They use onlineонлине attacksнапади
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Koriste internet napade
02:24
to make lots of moneyновац,
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da zarade hrpe novca,
02:26
and lots and lots of it.
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veoma mnogo novca.
02:28
We actuallyзаправо have severalнеколико casesслучајева
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Zapravo imamo nekoliko slučajeva
02:30
of millionairesmilioneri onlineонлине, multimillionairesmultimilionere,
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internet milionera, multimilionera,
02:33
who madeмаде moneyновац with theirњихова attacksнапади.
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koji su novac zaradili svojim napadima.
02:35
Here'sEvo VladimirVladimir TsastsinTsastsin formобразац TartuTartu in EstoniaEstonija.
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Ovde je Vladimir Cacin iz Tartua u Estoniji.
02:38
This is AlfredAlfred GonzalezGonzales.
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Ovo je Alfred Gonzales.
02:40
This is StephenStiven WattWatt.
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Ovo je Stiven Vot.
02:42
This is BjornBjorn SundinSundin.
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Ovo je Bjorn Sundin.
02:44
This is MatthewMatthew AndersonAnderson, TariqTarik Al-DaourAl-Daour
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Ovo su Metju Anderson, Tarik Al-Daur
02:47
and so on and so on.
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i tako dalje.
02:49
These guys
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Ovi ljudi
02:51
make theirњихова fortunesсреће onlineонлине,
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zarađuju bogatstva na internetu,
02:53
but they make it throughкроз the illegalилегално meansзначи
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ali ih zarađuju kroz ilegalne tokove
02:56
of usingКористећи things like bankingbankarstvo trojansprotiv Trojanaca
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korišćenjem stvari poput bankarskih trojanaca
02:58
to stealукради moneyновац from our bankбанка accountsрачуне
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kako bi krali novac sa bankovnih računa
03:00
while we do onlineонлине bankingbankarstvo,
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dok se mi bavimo internet bankarstvom,
03:02
or with keyloggerskeyloggers
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ili praćenjem unosa na tastaturi
03:04
to collectсакупити our creditкредит cardкартица informationинформације
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kako bi skupljali podatke
o našim kreditnim karticama
03:07
while we are doing onlineонлине shoppingшопинг from an infectedзаражени computerрачунар.
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dok kupujemo preko interneta
sa zaraženog kompjutera.
03:10
The U.S. SecretTajna ServiceServis,
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Američka Tajna služba,
03:12
two monthsмесеци agoпре,
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pre dva meseca,
03:14
frozeзамрзнути the SwissŠvajcarska bankбанка accountрачун
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zamrzla je švajcarski bankovni račun
03:16
of MrG.. SamSem. JainJain right here,
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gospodina Sema Džejna ovde
03:18
and that bankбанка accountрачун had 14.9 millionмилиона U.S. dollarsдолара on it
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i taj račun je imao 14,9 miliona dolara
03:21
when it was frozenсмрзнуто.
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kada je zamrznut.
03:23
MrG.. JainJain himselfсам is on the looseлабаве;
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Sam gospodin Džejn je u bekstvu;
03:25
nobodyнико knowsзна where he is.
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niko ne zna gde je on.
03:28
And I claimпотраживање it's alreadyвећ todayданас
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I tvrdim da je već danas
03:31
that it's more likelyвероватно for any of us
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verovatnije da će bilo ko od nas
03:34
to becomeпостати the victimжртва of a crimeзлочин onlineонлине
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biti žrtva kriminala na internetu
03:37
than here in the realправи worldсвет.
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nego u stvarnom svetu.
03:40
And it's very obviousочигледан
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Veoma je očigledno
03:42
that this is only going to get worseгоре.
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da će se stvari samo pogoršavati.
03:44
In the futureбудућност, the majorityвећина of crimeзлочин
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Većina zločina će u budućnosti
03:46
will be happeningдогађај onlineонлине.
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biti na internetu.
03:50
The secondдруго majorглавни groupгрупа of attackersNapadači su
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Druga velika grupa napadača
03:52
that we are watchingгледа todayданас
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koje posmatramo danas
03:54
are not motivatedmotivisani by moneyновац.
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nije motivisana novcem.
03:56
They're motivatedmotivisani by something elseдруго --
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Motiviše ih nešto drugo -
03:58
motivatedmotivisani by protestsпротести,
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protesti,
04:00
motivatedmotivisani by an opinionмишљење,
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mišljenja,
04:02
motivatedmotivisani by the laughsсмеје се.
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ismevanje.
04:05
GroupsGrupe like AnonymousAnonimno
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Grupe poput Anonimusa
04:07
have risenporasle up over the last 12 monthsмесеци
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su porasle u poslednjih 12 meseci
04:10
and have becomeпостати a majorглавни playerплаиер
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i postale veliki igrač
04:12
in the fieldпоље of onlineонлине attacksнапади.
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na polju internet napada.
04:15
So those are the threeтри mainглавни attackersNapadači su:
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To su tri glavna napadača:
04:17
criminalskriminalci who do it for the moneyновац,
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kriminalci koji to rade zbog novca,
04:19
hacktivistshacktivists like AnonymousAnonimno
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haktivisti poput Anonimusa
04:22
doing it for the protestprotest,
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koji to rade iz protesta
04:24
but then the last groupгрупа are nationнација statesдржаве,
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i poslednja grupa su države,
04:27
governmentsвлада doing the attacksнапади.
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vlade koje vrše napade.
04:31
And then we look at casesслучајева
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A onda vidimo slučajeve
04:33
like what happenedдесило in DigiNotarDigiNotar.
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poput onog u DigiNotaru.
04:35
This is a primeглавни exampleпример of what happensсе дешава
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Ovo je vrhunski primer toga šta se desi
04:37
when governmentsвлада attackнапад
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kada vlade napadnu
04:39
againstпротив theirњихова ownвластити citizensГрађани.
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svoje sopstvene građane.
04:41
DigiNotarDigiNotar is a CertificateCertifikat AuthorityAutoritet
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DigiNotar je autoritet za sertifikate
04:44
from The NetherlandsHolandija --
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iz Holandije -
04:46
or actuallyзаправо, it was.
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zapravo bio je.
04:48
It was runningтрчање into bankruptcyбанкрот
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Prošlog leta su
04:50
last fallпасти
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išli ka bankrotu
04:53
because they were hackedHakovao into.
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jer ih je neko hakovao.
04:55
SomebodyNeko brokeсломио in
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Neko je upao
04:57
and they hackedHakovao it thoroughlyтемељито.
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i detaljno ih hakovao.
05:00
And I askedпитао last weekНедеља
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Prošle nedelje sam pitao,
05:02
in a meetingсастанак with Dutchholandski governmentвлада representativesPredstavnici,
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na sastanku sa predstavnicima
holandske vlade,
05:06
I askedпитао one of the leadersлидери of the teamтим
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pitao sam jednog od vođa tima
05:11
whetherда ли је he foundнашао plausibleverodostojno
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da li misli da je verovatno
05:14
that people diedумро
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da su ljudi umrli
05:17
because of the DigiNotarDigiNotar hackхацк.
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zbog hakovanja DigiNotara.
05:20
And his answerодговор was yes.
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Njegov odgovor je bio potvrdan.
05:25
So how do people dieумрети
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Kako ljudi umiru
05:27
as the resultрезултат of a hackхацк like this?
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kao posledica ovakvog hakovanja?
05:30
Well DigiNotarDigiNotar is a C.A.
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DigiNotar je autoritet za sertifikate.
05:32
They sellпродати certificatesCertifikati.
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Oni prodaju sertifikate.
05:34
What do you do with certificatesCertifikati?
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Šta se radi sa sertifikatima?
05:36
Well you need a certificateпотврда
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Sertifikat vam je potreban
05:38
if you have a websiteвеб сајт that has httpshttps,
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ako imate sajt koji ima https,
05:40
SSLSSL encryptedšifrirana servicesуслуге,
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SSL šifrovane servise,
05:43
servicesуслуге like GmailGmail.
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servise poput Gmail-a.
05:46
Now we all, or a bigвелики partдео of us,
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Svi mi ili velik deo nas,
05:48
use GmailGmail or one of theirњихова competitorsтакмичари,
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koristi Gmail ili neki od njegovih suparnika,
05:50
but these servicesуслуге are especiallyпосебно popularпопуларно
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ali ovi servisi su naročito popularni
05:52
in totalitariantotalitarnoj statesдржаве
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u totalitarnim državama
05:54
like IranIran,
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poput Irana,
05:56
where dissidentsdisidenti
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gde disidenti
05:58
use foreignстрани servicesуслуге like GmailGmail
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koriste strane servise poput Gmail-a
06:01
because they know they are more trustworthyiz pouzdanog izvora than the localлокално servicesуслуге
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jer znaju da su pouzdaniji od lokalnih
06:04
and they are encryptedšifrirana over SSLSSL connectionsвезе,
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i da su šifrovani preko SSL mreža,
06:07
so the localлокално governmentвлада can't snoopSnoop
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tako da lokalna vlada ne može da prisluškuje
06:09
on theirњихова discussionsдискусије.
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njihove razgovore.
06:11
ExceptOsim they can if they hackхацк into a foreignстрани C.A.
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Ali može, ako hakuje
strani autoritet za sertifikate
06:14
and issueпитање rogueodmetnuti certificatesCertifikati.
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i izda lažne sertifikate.
06:16
And this is exactlyбаш тако what happenedдесило
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I upravo ovo se desilo
06:18
with the caseслучај of DigiNotarDigiNotar.
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sa slučajem DigiNotar.
06:24
What about ArabArapski SpringProleće
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A šta sa Arapskim prolećem
06:26
and things that have been happeningдогађај, for exampleпример, in EgyptEgipat?
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i stvarima koje su se dešavale,
recimo u Egiptu?
06:29
Well in EgyptEgipat,
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Pa u Egiptu,
06:31
the riotersprotestanti lootedopljaиkano the headquartersседиште
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protestanti su opljačkali štab
06:33
of the EgyptianEgipatski secretтајна policeполиција
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egipatske tajne policije
06:35
in AprilAprila 2011,
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u aprilu 2011.
06:37
and when they were lootingпљачке the buildingзграде they foundнашао lots of papersновине.
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i kada su pljačkali zgradu
našli su puno papira.
06:40
AmongMeđu those papersновине,
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Među ovim papirima
06:42
was this binderрегистратор entitledимају право "FINFISHERFINFISHER."
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bila je fascikla s imenom "FINFISHER."
06:44
And withinу склопу that binderрегистратор were notesбелешке
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Unutar te fascikle bile su beleške
06:47
from a companyкомпанија basedзаснован in GermanyNemačka
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kompanije stacionirane u Nemačkoj
06:49
whichкоја had soldпродат the EgyptianEgipatski governmentвлада
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koja je egipatskoj vladi prodala
06:52
a setкомплет of toolsалати
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komplet alata
06:54
for interceptingpresretao --
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za presretanje -
06:56
and in very largeвелики scaleСкала --
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i to na veoma velikim razmerama -
06:58
all the communicationкомуникација of the citizensГрађани of the countryземљу.
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svih komunikacija građana te zemlje.
07:00
They had soldпродат this toolоруђе
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Ovaj alat su prodali
07:02
for 280,000 EurosEvra to the EgyptianEgipatski governmentвлада.
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egipatskoj vladi za 280 hiljada evra.
07:05
The companyкомпанија headquartersседиште are right here.
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Kompanijino sedište je upravo ovde.
07:08
So WesternZapadni governmentsвлада
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Tako da vlade Zapada
07:10
are providingобезбеђујући totalitariantotalitarnoj governmentsвлада with toolsалати
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daju totalitarnim vladama alate
07:13
to do this againstпротив theirњихова ownвластити citizensГрађани.
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da ovo rade protiv svojih građana.
07:16
But WesternZapadni governmentsвлада are doing it to themselvesсами as well.
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Ali Zapadne vlade rade isto to
i same sebi.
07:19
For exampleпример, in GermanyNemačka,
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Na primer, u Nemačkoj,
07:21
just a coupleпар of weeksнедељама agoпре
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samo pre par nedelja,
07:23
the so-calledтзв StateDržava TrojanTrojanac was foundнашао,
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otkriven je takozvani "Državni trojanac",
07:26
whichкоја was a trojanтројан
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koji je bio trojanac
07:28
used by Germannemački governmentвлада officialsZvaničnici
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koji su koristili nemački zvaničnici
07:30
to investigateистражити theirњихова ownвластити citizensГрађани.
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da istražuju sopstvene građane.
07:32
If you are a suspectосумњичени in a criminalкриминал caseслучај,
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Ako ste osumnjičeni u krivičnom slučaju,
07:36
well it's prettyприлично obviousочигледан, your phoneтелефон will be tappedтапкани.
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poprilično je očigledno
da će vam prisluškivati telefon.
07:38
But todayданас, it goesиде beyondизван that.
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Ali stvari danas idu dalje od toga.
07:40
They will tapславина your InternetInternet connectionвеза.
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Prisluškivaće vašu internet vezu.
07:42
They will even use toolsалати like StateDržava TrojanTrojanac
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Čak će koristiti alate poput "Državnog trojanca"
07:45
to infectzarazi your computerрачунар with a trojanтројан,
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da trojancem zaraze vaš kompjuter,
07:48
whichкоја enablesомогућује them
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što im omogućuje
07:50
to watch all your communicationкомуникација,
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da prate svu vašu komunikaciju,
07:52
to listen to your onlineонлине discussionsдискусије,
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da prate vašu diskusiju na internetu,
07:55
to collectсакупити your passwordslozinke.
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da skupljaju vaše šifre.
08:01
Now when we think deeperдубље
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Kada dublje razmislimo
08:03
about things like these,
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o ovakvim stvarima,
08:06
the obviousочигледан responseодговор from people should be
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očigledan odgovor ljudi trebalo bi da bude:
08:11
that, "Okay, that soundsзвуци badлоше,
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"U redu, to zvuči loše,
08:14
but that doesn't really affectутицати me because I'm a legalправни citizenграђанин.
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ali to me baš i ne pogađa
jer sam legalan građanin.
08:17
Why should I worryзабринути?
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Zašto bih brinuo?
08:19
Because I have nothing to hideсакрити."
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Nemam ništa da krijem."
08:22
And this is an argumentрасправа,
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Ovo je argument
08:24
whichкоја doesn't make senseсмисао.
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koji nema smisla.
08:26
PrivacyPrivatnost is impliedимплицитно.
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Privatnost se podrazumeva.
08:29
PrivacyPrivatnost is not up for discussionдискусија.
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O privatnosti se ne može diskutovati.
08:34
This is not a questionпитање
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Ovo nije pitanje
08:36
betweenизмеђу privacyprivatnost
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privatnosti
08:40
againstпротив securityсигурност.
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naspram bezbednosti.
08:43
It's a questionпитање of freedomслобода
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To je pitanje slobode
08:46
againstпротив controlконтрола.
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naspram kontrole.
08:49
And while we mightМожда trustповерење our governmentsвлада
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Iako možda verujemo svojim vladama
08:53
right now, right here in 2011,
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sada u 2011.,
08:56
any right we give away will be givenдато away for good.
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svako pravo kojeg se odreknemo
biće zauvek oduzeto.
08:59
And do we trustповерење, do we blindlyslepo trustповерење,
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Da li verujemo, da li slepo verujemo
09:02
any futureбудућност governmentвлада,
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bilo kojoj budućoj vladi,
09:04
a governmentвлада we mightМожда have
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vladi koju ćemo možda imati
09:06
50 yearsгодине from now?
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za 50 godina?
09:10
And these are the questionsпитања
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Ovo su pitanja
09:13
that we have to worryзабринути about for the nextследећи 50 yearsгодине.
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o kojima moramo da brinemo
sledećih 50 godina.
Translated by Mile Živković
Reviewed by Tatjana Jevdjic

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com