TEDxBrussels
Mikko Hypponen: Three types of online attack
Mikko Hypponen: Tri tipa mrežnog napada
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Stručnjak za kriminal na Internetu Mikko Hypponen pojašnjava nam tri tipa mrežnog napada na našu privatnost i podatke - a samo dva se smatraju kriminalom. "Vjerujemo li slijepo svakoj budućoj vladi? Jer svako pravo kojega se odreknemo, odrekli smo se zauvijek."
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:20
In the 1980s
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Tijekom 1980-tih
00:23
in the communist Eastern Germany,
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u komunističkoj Istočnoj Njemačkoj,
00:26
if you owned a typewriter,
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ako ste posjedovali pisaći stroj,
00:30
you had to register it with the government.
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vlada je tražila da ga registrirate.
00:32
You had to register
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Morali ste evidentirati
00:34
a sample sheet of text
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običnu stranicu teksta
00:36
out of the typewriter.
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koja je izišla iz pisaćeg stroja.
00:38
And this was done
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To se činilo kako bi vlada
00:40
so the government could track where text was coming from.
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mogla pratiti odakle tekstovi potječu.
00:43
If they found a paper
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Ako bi otkrili dokument
00:46
which had the wrong kind of thought,
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koji je sadržavao pogrešne misli,
00:49
they could track down
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mogli su ući u trag
00:51
who created that thought.
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onome tko je stvorio tu misao.
00:53
And we in the West
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Mi na Zapadu
00:56
couldn't understand how anybody could do this,
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nismo mogli razumjeti kako je netko to mogao,
00:59
how much this would restrict freedom of speech.
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koliko je to ograničavalo slobodu govora.
01:02
We would never do that
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Mi nikada ne bismo učinili takvo što
01:04
in our own countries.
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u našim vlastitim zemljama.
01:07
But today in 2011,
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Ali danas, 2011.,
01:10
if you go and buy a color laser printer
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ako idete kupiti laserski pisač u boji
01:14
from any major laser printer manufacturer
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bilo kojeg vodećeg proizvođača
01:17
and print a page,
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i ispišete stranicu,
01:19
that page will end up
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taj će ispis imati
01:21
having slight yellow dots
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diskretne žute točkice
01:24
printed on every single page
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ispisane na baš svakoj stranici,
01:26
in a pattern which makes the page unique
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s obrascem koji tu stranicu čini jedinstvenom
01:29
to you and to your printer.
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u odnosu na Vas i Vaš pisač.
01:33
This is happening
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To se događa
01:35
to us today.
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nama danas.
01:38
And nobody seems to be making a fuss about it.
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I čini se da nitko ne pravi problem oko toga.
01:42
And this is an example
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To je primjer
01:45
of the ways
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načina
01:47
that our own governments
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na koje naše vlade
01:50
are using technology
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rabe tehnologiju
01:52
against us, the citizens.
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protiv nas, građana.
01:56
And this is one of the main three sources
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I to je jedan od tri glavna izvora
01:59
of online problems today.
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problema na mreži danas.
02:01
If we take a look at what's really happening in the online world,
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Ako pogledamo što se doista događa na Internetu,
02:04
we can group the attacks based on the attackers.
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možemo klasificirati napade prema napadačima.
02:07
We have three main groups.
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Imamo tri glavne skupine.
02:09
We have online criminals.
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Imamo mrežne kriminalce.
02:11
Like here, we have Mr. Dimitry Golubov
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Ovdje imamo g. Dimitrija Golubova
02:13
from the city of Kiev in Ukraine.
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iz Kijeva u Ukrajini.
02:15
And the motives of online criminals
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Motive mrežnih kriminalaca
02:18
are very easy to understand.
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lako je razumjeti.
02:20
These guys make money.
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Ti tipovi zarađuju novac.
02:22
They use online attacks
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Koriste mrežne napade
02:24
to make lots of money,
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da zarade puno novca,
02:26
and lots and lots of it.
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puno, puno novca.
02:28
We actually have several cases
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Imamo i nekoliko slučajeva
02:30
of millionaires online, multimillionaires,
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mrežnih milijunaša, multimilijunaša,
02:33
who made money with their attacks.
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koji su zaradili svojim napadima.
02:35
Here's Vladimir Tsastsin form Tartu in Estonia.
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Ovo je Vladimir Čačin iz Tartua u Estoniji.
02:38
This is Alfred Gonzalez.
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Ovo je Alfred Gonzalez.
02:40
This is Stephen Watt.
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Ovo je Stephen Watt.
02:42
This is Bjorn Sundin.
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Ovo je Bjorn Sundin.
02:44
This is Matthew Anderson, Tariq Al-Daour
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Ovo je Matthew Anderson, Tariq Al-Daour
02:47
and so on and so on.
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i tako dalje, i tako dalje.
02:49
These guys
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Ti tipovi
02:51
make their fortunes online,
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zarađuju bogatstvo na mreži,
02:53
but they make it through the illegal means
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ali ga zarađuju na nezakonit način
02:56
of using things like banking trojans
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koristeći bankovne trojance
02:58
to steal money from our bank accounts
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kako bi krali novac s naših bankovnih računa
03:00
while we do online banking,
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dok mi obavljamo internetsko bankarstvo,
03:02
or with keyloggers
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ili pomoću programa za bilježenje pritisnutih tipki
03:04
to collect our credit card information
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kojima prikupljaju podatke o našim kreditnim karticama
03:07
while we are doing online shopping from an infected computer.
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dok obavljamo internetsku kupnju sa zaraženog računala.
03:10
The U.S. Secret Service,
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Tajna služba SAD-a
03:12
two months ago,
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blokirala je prije dva mjeseca
03:14
froze the Swiss bank account
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bankovni račun u Švicarskoj
03:16
of Mr. Sam Jain right here,
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ovog gospodina, Sama Jaina,
03:18
and that bank account had 14.9 million U.S. dollars on it
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a na tom je računu bilo 14,9 milijuna dolara,
03:21
when it was frozen.
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u trenutku blokade.
03:23
Mr. Jain himself is on the loose;
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G. Jain je u bijegu;
03:25
nobody knows where he is.
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nitko ne zna gdje je.
03:28
And I claim it's already today
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Tvrdim da je danas već vjerojatnije
03:31
that it's more likely for any of us
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da će bilo tko od nas
03:34
to become the victim of a crime online
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postati žrtvom mrežnog kriminala
03:37
than here in the real world.
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nego žrtvom kriminala u stvarnom svijetu.
03:40
And it's very obvious
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I sasvim je očito
03:42
that this is only going to get worse.
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da će se stvari samo pogoršati.
03:44
In the future, the majority of crime
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U budućnosti, većina zločina
03:46
will be happening online.
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odvijat će se na Internetu.
03:50
The second major group of attackers
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Drugu glavnu skupinu napadača
03:52
that we are watching today
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koju danas promatramo
03:54
are not motivated by money.
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ne motivira novac.
03:56
They're motivated by something else --
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Motivira ih nešto drugo --
03:58
motivated by protests,
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motiviraju ih prosvjedi,
04:00
motivated by an opinion,
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mišljenja,
04:02
motivated by the laughs.
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motivira ih humor.
04:05
Groups like Anonymous
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Skupine poput Anonymous
04:07
have risen up over the last 12 months
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ojačale su tijekom posljednjih 12 mjeseci
04:10
and have become a major player
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i postale glavni igrač
04:12
in the field of online attacks.
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na području mrežnih napada.
04:15
So those are the three main attackers:
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To su, dakle, tri glavna napadača:
04:17
criminals who do it for the money,
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kriminalci koji to čine radi novca,
04:19
hacktivists like Anonymous
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hakerski aktivisti kao Anonymous
04:22
doing it for the protest,
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koji to čine iz bunta,
04:24
but then the last group are nation states,
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ali posljednja skupina su nacionalne države,
04:27
governments doing the attacks.
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vlade koje provode napade.
04:31
And then we look at cases
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I tada promatramo slučajeve
04:33
like what happened in DigiNotar.
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poput slučaja DigiNotar.
04:35
This is a prime example of what happens
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Ovo je najbolji primjer onoga što se događa
04:37
when governments attack
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kad vlade napadaju
04:39
against their own citizens.
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svoje vlastite građane.
04:41
DigiNotar is a Certificate Authority
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DigiNotar je tvrtka koja izdaje certifikate,
04:44
from The Netherlands --
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iz Nizozemske --
04:46
or actually, it was.
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zapravo, bila je.
04:48
It was running into bankruptcy
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Otišla je u stečaj
04:50
last fall
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prošle jeseni
04:53
because they were hacked into.
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jer je bila žrtvom hakiranja.
04:55
Somebody broke in
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Netko je provalio
04:57
and they hacked it thoroughly.
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i temeljito ih hakirao.
05:00
And I asked last week
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Upitao sam prošli tjedan,
05:02
in a meeting with Dutch government representatives,
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na sastanku s predstavnicima nizozemske vlade,
05:06
I asked one of the leaders of the team
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pitao sam jednog od vođa tima
05:11
whether he found plausible
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misli li on da je vjerojatno
05:14
that people died
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da je netko poginuo
05:17
because of the DigiNotar hack.
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kao posljedica hakiranja DigiNotara.
05:20
And his answer was yes.
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Odgovorio mi je pozitivno.
05:25
So how do people die
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Pa kako to ljudi pogibaju
05:27
as the result of a hack like this?
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kao posljedica ovakvog hakiranja?
05:30
Well DigiNotar is a C.A.
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DigiNotar je ovlašteni certifikator.
05:32
They sell certificates.
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Prodaju certifikate.
05:34
What do you do with certificates?
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Što činimo s certifikatima?
05:36
Well you need a certificate
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Trebate certifikat
05:38
if you have a website that has https,
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ako imate Internetske stranice koje koriste https,
05:40
SSL encrypted services,
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SSL enkripcijski servis,
05:43
services like Gmail.
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servise poput Gmail-a.
05:46
Now we all, or a big part of us,
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Svi mi, ili velik broj nas,
05:48
use Gmail or one of their competitors,
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koristimo Gmail ili nekog od konkurenata,
05:50
but these services are especially popular
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ali su te usluge naročito popularne
05:52
in totalitarian states
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u totalitarnim državama
05:54
like Iran,
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poput Irana,
05:56
where dissidents
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gdje disidenti
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use foreign services like Gmail
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koriste strane usluge poput Gmail-a
06:01
because they know they are more trustworthy than the local services
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jer znaju da im više mogu vjerovati nego lokalnim uslugama,
06:04
and they are encrypted over SSL connections,
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a i šifrirani su pri SSL povezivanju,
06:07
so the local government can't snoop
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pa lokalne vlade ne mogu njuškati
06:09
on their discussions.
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po njihovim diskusijama.
06:11
Except they can if they hack into a foreign C.A.
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Odnosno mogu, ako hakiraju stranog certifikatora
06:14
and issue rogue certificates.
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i izdaju lažne certifikate.
06:16
And this is exactly what happened
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I upravo se to dogodilo
06:18
with the case of DigiNotar.
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u slučaju DigiNotar-a.
06:24
What about Arab Spring
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A što je s arapskim proljećem
06:26
and things that have been happening, for example, in Egypt?
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i onime što se događalo, na primjer, u Egiptu?
06:29
Well in Egypt,
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U Egiptu su
06:31
the rioters looted the headquarters
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pobunjenici opljačkali stožer
06:33
of the Egyptian secret police
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egipatske tajne policije
06:35
in April 2011,
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u travnju 2011.,
06:37
and when they were looting the building they found lots of papers.
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i pri pljački su pronašli gomilu dokumenata.
06:40
Among those papers,
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Među tim dokumentima je bio
06:42
was this binder entitled "FINFISHER."
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i fascikl "FINFISHER."
06:44
And within that binder were notes
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U tom su fasciklu bile bilješke
06:47
from a company based in Germany
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kompanije sa sjedištem u Njemačkoj
06:49
which had sold the Egyptian government
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koja je egipatskoj vladi prodala
06:52
a set of tools
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kolekciju alata
06:54
for intercepting --
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za presretanje komunikacija --
06:56
and in very large scale --
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na masovnoj osnovi --
06:58
all the communication of the citizens of the country.
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građana te zemlje.
07:00
They had sold this tool
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Prodali su te alate
07:02
for 280,000 Euros to the Egyptian government.
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egipatskoj vladi za 280.000 eura.
07:05
The company headquarters are right here.
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Upravna zgrada te kompanije je baš ovdje.
07:08
So Western governments
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Znači, zapadne vlade
07:10
are providing totalitarian governments with tools
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totalitarnim vladama daju alate
07:13
to do this against their own citizens.
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koje koriste protiv vlastitih građana.
07:16
But Western governments are doing it to themselves as well.
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Ali zapadne vlade isto čine i sebi.
07:19
For example, in Germany,
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Na primjer, u Njemačkoj,
07:21
just a couple of weeks ago
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prije samo nekoliko tjedana
07:23
the so-called State Trojan was found,
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otkriven je takozvani Scuinst Trojan,
07:26
which was a trojan
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trojanac
07:28
used by German government officials
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koji dužnosnici njemačke vlade
07:30
to investigate their own citizens.
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koriste za istraživanje vlastitih građana.
07:32
If you are a suspect in a criminal case,
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Ako ste osumnjičeni u kaznenom postupku,
07:36
well it's pretty obvious, your phone will be tapped.
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očigledno je da će vam prisluškivati telefon.
07:38
But today, it goes beyond that.
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Ali danas idu i dalje od toga.
07:40
They will tap your Internet connection.
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Prisluškivat će vašu Internet vezu.
07:42
They will even use tools like State Trojan
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Koristit će alate poput Scuinst Trojana
07:45
to infect your computer with a trojan,
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kako bi zarazili vaše računalo trojancem,
07:48
which enables them
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što im omogućuje
07:50
to watch all your communication,
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praćenje svih vaših komunikacija,
07:52
to listen to your online discussions,
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slušanje vaših mrežnih diskusija,
07:55
to collect your passwords.
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prikupljanje vaših lozinki.
08:01
Now when we think deeper
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Kada dublje razmislimo
08:03
about things like these,
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o ovakvim stvarima,
08:06
the obvious response from people should be
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očit odgovor ljudi bi mogao biti da,
08:11
that, "Okay, that sounds bad,
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"Dobro, to je loše,
08:14
but that doesn't really affect me because I'm a legal citizen.
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ali to me se ne tiče jer ne kršim zakon.
08:17
Why should I worry?
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Zašto da to mene brine?
08:19
Because I have nothing to hide."
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Ništa ne skrivam."
08:22
And this is an argument,
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A to je argument,
08:24
which doesn't make sense.
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koji nema smisla.
08:26
Privacy is implied.
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Privatnost se podrazumijeva.
08:29
Privacy is not up for discussion.
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Privatnost nije predmet diskusije.
08:34
This is not a question
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Nije riječ o dilemi
08:36
between privacy
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između privatnosti
08:40
against security.
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i sigurnosti.
08:43
It's a question of freedom
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Riječ je o pitanju slobode
08:46
against control.
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i pitanju kontrole.
08:49
And while we might trust our governments
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I dok možda vjerujemo našim vladama
08:53
right now, right here in 2011,
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sada, baš ovdje, 2011.,
08:56
any right we give away will be given away for good.
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svako pravo kojega se odreknemo, izgubit ćemo zauvijek.
08:59
And do we trust, do we blindly trust,
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I zar vjerujemo, zar slijepo vjerujemo,
09:02
any future government,
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svakoj budućoj vladi,
09:04
a government we might have
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nekoj vladi koja će vladati
09:06
50 years from now?
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i za 50 godina?
09:10
And these are the questions
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To su pitanja
09:13
that we have to worry about for the next 50 years.
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o kojima moramo brinuti u sljedećih 50 godina.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expertAs computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?
Why you should listen
The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.
As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."
Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?
Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.
See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus.
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com