ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jedidah Isler - Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies.

Why you should listen

Jedidah Isler has been staring at the stars since she was 11 or 12. But because neither her undergraduate college or the university where she got her first master’s degree offered astronomy majors, she threw herself wholeheartedly into physics. It wasn’t until she entered a doctoral program that she was able to dedicate her time to the studying the night sky. In 2014, she became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale.

Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies, some of which emit powerful streams of particles. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe. Isler is a Chancellor’s Faculty Fellow in Physics at Syracuse University. She participates in the Future Faculty Leader program at Harvard's Center for Astrophysics and was named a 2015 TED Fellow.

Isler is also interested in breaking down barriers that prevent many students — especially women of color — from becoming scienists. She works to make STEM accessible to new communities. 

More profile about the speaker
Jedidah Isler | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

Džedajda Ajler (Jedidah Isler): Kako sam se zaljubila u kvazare, blazare i naš neverovatan univerzum

Filmed:
1,513,343 views

Džedajda Ajler se prvobitno zaljubila u noćno nebo kada je bila devojčica. Sada je astofrizičar koji proučava ogromne hiperaktivne crne rupe. U šarmantnom govoru, odvodi nas trilionima kilometara od Zemlje da bi nas upoznala sa predmetima koji mogu biti jedan do 10 milijardi puta veće mase od Sunca - i koji ponekad izbacuju snažne mlazove čestica u našem pravcu.
- Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
My first love was for the night skyнебо.
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Moja prva ljubav bila je noćno nebo.
00:16
Love is complicatedкомпликован.
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Ljubav je komplikovana.
00:17
You're looking at a fly-throughleti kroz of the
HubbleHubble SpaceProstor TelescopeTeleskop Ultra-DeepUltra-duboka FieldPolje,
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Gledate u leteći prikaz ultra-dubokog
polja svemirskog teleskopa Habl,
00:22
one of the mostнајвише distantдалеко imagesслике
of our universeуниверзум ever observedпримећено.
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jednu od slika najudaljenijeg svemira
koji je ikada viđen.
00:26
Everything you see here is a galaxyгалаксија,
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Sve što vidite ovde je galaksija,
00:29
comprisedsastoji se of billionsмилијарди of starsЗвездице eachсваки.
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a svaka od njih sastavljena je
od nekoliko milijardi zvezda.
00:32
And the farthestnajdalje galaxyгалаксија is
a trillionтрилион, trillionтрилион kilometersкилометара away.
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Najudaljenija galaksija udaljena je
na trilione, trilione kilometara.
00:37
As an astrophysicistastrofiziиar, I have
the awesomeсупер privilegeпривилегија of studyingстудирање
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Kao astrofizičarka, imam jedinstvenu
privilegiju da izučavam
00:40
some of the mostнајвише exoticegzotični objectsобјеката
in our universeуниверзум.
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neke od najegzotičnijih objekata
u našem svemiru.
00:44
The objectsобјеката that have captivatedzaneseno me
from first crushsimpatija throughoutтоком my careerкаријера
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Objekti koji su me očarali
od prvog zaljubljivanja kroz karijeru su
00:48
are supermassiveZnamo da je svemir,
hyperactivehiperaktivan blackцрн holesрупе.
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supermasivne, hiperaktivne crne rupe.
00:53
WeighingTežak one to 10 billionмилијарде timesпута
the massмаса of our ownвластити sunсунце,
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Težine od jedne do 10 milijardi puta
mase našeg Sunca,
00:57
these galacticgalaktiиki blackцрн holesрупе
are devouringkoja proždire materialматеријал,
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ove svemirske crne rupe
proždiru materijal
01:00
at a rateстопа of upwardsprema gore of
1,000 timesпута more
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brzinom 1000 puta većom
01:04
than your "averageпросек"
supermassiveZnamo da je svemir blackцрн holeрупа.
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od „prosečne" supermasivne crne rupe.
01:07
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
01:09
These two characteristicsкарактеристике,
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Ove dve karakteristike,
01:11
with a fewнеколико othersдруги, make them quasarsквазари.
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sa još par njih, čine ih kvazarima.
01:14
At the sameисти time, the objectsобјеката I studyстудија
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U isto vreme, objekti koje proučavam
01:17
are producingпроизводњу some of the mostнајвише
powerfulмоћан particleчестица streamsстреамс
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proizvode neke od najsnažnijih
struja čestica
01:20
ever observedпримећено.
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koje su ikada uočene.
01:21
These narrowузак streamsстреамс, calledпозвани jetsмлазнице,
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Ove uske struje, nazvane mlazovi,
01:24
are movingкретање at 99.99 percentпроценат
of the speedбрзина of lightсветло,
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kreću se na 99,99 posto brzine svetlosti
01:29
and are pointedпоказао directlyдиректно at the EarthZemlja.
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i usmerene su direktno na Zemlju.
01:33
These jettedjetted, Earth-pointedDa li je ukazao zemlju, hyperactivehiperaktivan
and supermassiveZnamo da je svemir blackцрн holesрупе
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Ove hiperaktive i supermasivne crne rupe
sa mlazevima uperenim ka Zemlji
01:39
are calledпозвани blazarsblazars, or blazingpucanja quasarsквазари.
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nazivaju se blazari ili plamteći kvazari.
01:43
What makesчини blazarsblazars so specialпосебан
is that they're some of the universe'suniverzum je
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Ono što blazare čini posebnima je
da su jedni od svemirskih
01:47
mostнајвише efficientефикасан particleчестица acceleratorsакцелератори,
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najefikasijih akceleratora čestica,
01:49
transportingkoji je prevozio incredibleневероватан amountsизноси
of energyенергија throughoutтоком a galaxyгалаксија.
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i transportuju neverovatne
količine energije kroz galaksiju.
01:54
Here, I'm showingпоказивање an
artist'sуметник conceptionконцепција of a blazarblazar.
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Ovde vam pokazujem
umetnički prikaz blazara.
01:57
The dinnerвечера plateтањир by whichкоја
materialматеријал fallsпада ontoна the blackцрн holeрупа
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Tanjir sa kog materijal pada
u crnu rupu
02:00
is calledпозвани the accretionаццретион discdisk,
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naziva se akrecioni disk,
02:02
shownпоказано here in blueПлави.
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ovde prikazan plavom bojom.
02:04
Some of that materialматеријал is slingshottedslingshotted
around the blackцрн holeрупа
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Neki od tih materijala snažno su povučeni
oko crne rupe
02:07
and acceleratedубрзано to insanelyинсанели highвисоко speedsбрзине
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i ubrzavaju do ludački velikih brzina
02:09
in the jetмлазни, shownпоказано here in whiteбео.
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u mlazu, prikazanom belom bojom ovde.
02:11
AlthoughIako the blazarblazar systemсистем is rareретко,
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Iako je sistem blazara redak,
02:14
the processпроцес by whichкоја natureприрода
pullsповлачи in materialматеријал viaпреко a diskna disku,
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proces u kom priroda
povlači materijal putem diska
02:17
and then flingsafera some of it out viaпреко a jetмлазни,
is more commonзаједнички.
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a zatim ga delimično izbacuje kroz mlaz
mnogo je češći.
02:21
We'llCemo eventuallyконачно zoomзоом out of
the blazarblazar systemсистем
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Konačno ćemo se udaljiti
od sistema blazara
02:24
to showсхов its approximatepribližno relationshipоднос
to the largerвеће galacticgalaktiиki contextконтекст.
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da bismo pokazali njihov okvirni odnos
prema širem galaktičkom kontekstu.
02:33
BeyondIzvan the cosmicкосмички accountingračunovodstvo
of what goesиде in to what goesиде out,
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Osim svemirskog računanja
šta ide unutra, a šta van,
02:38
one of the hotвруће topicsтеме in
blazarblazar astrophysicsастрофизика right now
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jedna od gorućih tema trenutno
u astrofizici blazara je -
02:41
is where the highest-energynajviše energije
jetмлазни emissionemisija comesдолази from.
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odakle dolazi visoko-energetska
emisija mlaza.
02:45
In this imageслика, I'm interestedзаинтересован
in where this whiteбео blobBLOB formsобразаца
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Na ovoj slici, interesuje me
gde se ova bela grudvica formira
02:48
and if, as a resultрезултат, there's any
relationshipоднос betweenизмеђу the jetмлазни
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i da li, kao rezultat, postoji
bilo kakva veza između mlaza
02:52
and the accretionаццретион discdisk materialматеријал.
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i materije akrecionog diska.
02:55
ClearJasno answersодговори to this questionпитање
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Jasni odgovori na ovo pitanje
02:57
were almostскоро completelyу потпуности
inaccessibleNije moguće pristupiti untilсве док 2008,
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bili su skoro kompletno nepristupačni
do 2008. godine,
03:00
when NASANASA-E launchedлансиран a newново telescopeтелескоп
that better detectsotkriva gammagama rayRay lightсветло --
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kada je NASA lansirala novi teleskop
koji bolje detektuje svetlost gama zraka,
03:04
that is, lightсветло with energiesenergiju
a millionмилиона timesпута higherвише
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to jest, svetlost sa milion puta
većim energijama
03:07
than your standardстандард x-rayрентген scanскенирање.
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nego standardni rendgen.
03:10
I simultaneouslyистовремено compareупоредити variationsваријације
betweenизмеђу the gammagama rayRay lightсветло dataподаци
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Istovremeno upoređujem varijacije
između podataka o svetlosti gama zraka
03:14
and the visibleвидљив lightсветло dataподаци from
day to day and yearгодине to yearгодине,
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i podataka o vidljivoj svetlosti
iz dana u dan i iz godine u godinu
03:18
to better localizelokalizovati these gammagama rayRay blobsблобс.
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da bismo bolje lokalizovali ove
grudvice gama zraka.
03:21
My researchистраживање showsпоказује that in some instancesинстанце,
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Moje istraživanje pokazuje
da su u nekim prilikama
03:24
these blobsблобс formобразац much closerближе
to the blackцрн holeрупа
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ove grudvice mnogo bliže
03:27
than we initiallyна почетку thought.
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nego što smo ispočetka mislili.
03:29
As we more confidentlyсамоуверено localizelokalizovati
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Dok lokalizujemo sve sigurnije
03:31
where these gammagama rayRay
blobsблобс are formingформирање,
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gde se grudvice gama zraka formiraju,
03:34
we can better understandРазумем how jetsмлазнице
are beingбиће acceleratedубрзано,
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možemo bolje razumeti
kako se mlazevi ubrzavaju
03:37
and ultimatelyна крају revealоткривају
the dynamicдинамичан processesпроцесима
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i konačno otkriti dinamičke procese
03:40
by whichкоја some of the mostнајвише fascinatingфасцинантан
objectsобјеката in our universeуниверзум are formedформирана.
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pomoću kojih su stvoreni neki od
najfascinantnijih objekata u svemiru.
03:45
This all startedпочела as a love storyприча.
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Sve ovo je počelo kao ljubavna priča,
03:49
And it still is.
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a i dalje je tako.
03:51
This love transformedтрансформисано me from
a curiousрадознао, stargazinggledanje zvezda youngмлади girlдевојка
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Ta ljubav me je preobratila
iz radoznale devojčice zagledane u zvezde
03:55
to a professionalпрофесионално astrophysicistastrofiziиar,
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u profesionalnu astrofizičarku
03:57
hotвруће on the heelsпете of celestialNebeska discoveryоткриће.
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koja je u potrazi za nebeskim otkrićima.
04:00
Who knewзнала that chasingЦхасинг after the universeуниверзум
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Ko je mogao da pogodi
da će me jurnjava za svemirom
04:03
would groundземља me so deeplyдубоко
to my missionмисија here on EarthZemlja.
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toliko duboko vezati za moju misiju
ovde na Zemlji.
04:07
Then again, when do we ever know
where love'sljubav je first flutterzatreperi
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Sa druge strane, da li ikada znamo
gde će nas prvi ljubavni treptaj
04:10
will trulyзаиста take us.
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zaista odvesti?
04:11
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:13
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Tijana Mihajlović
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jedidah Isler - Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies.

Why you should listen

Jedidah Isler has been staring at the stars since she was 11 or 12. But because neither her undergraduate college or the university where she got her first master’s degree offered astronomy majors, she threw herself wholeheartedly into physics. It wasn’t until she entered a doctoral program that she was able to dedicate her time to the studying the night sky. In 2014, she became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale.

Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies, some of which emit powerful streams of particles. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe. Isler is a Chancellor’s Faculty Fellow in Physics at Syracuse University. She participates in the Future Faculty Leader program at Harvard's Center for Astrophysics and was named a 2015 TED Fellow.

Isler is also interested in breaking down barriers that prevent many students — especially women of color — from becoming scienists. She works to make STEM accessible to new communities. 

More profile about the speaker
Jedidah Isler | Speaker | TED.com

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