TED@IBM
Simone Bianco and Tom Zimmerman: The wonderful world of life in a drop of water
西蒙尼·比安科 和 汤姆·齐默曼: 水滴中的奇妙世界
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发明家汤姆·齐默曼说：“屏住呼吸，感受一下没有浮游生物是什么感觉。” 这些微生物制造了我们地球上三分之二的氧气，也就是说，没有它们，我们所知的生命也将不复存在。在这篇演讲和技术演示中，齐默曼和细胞工程师西蒙尼·比安科利用一台3D显微镜，带我们走进水滴中的世界，去跟浮游生物一起潜泳。让我们一起来了解这些奇妙的生物，并保护它们不受气候变化的威胁。
Simone Bianco - Cell engineer
A theoretical physicist by training, IBM's Simone Bianco believes that the 21st century will be the century when the synergy between AI and biology will be fully realized. Full bioTom Zimmerman - Master inventor
Tom Zimmerman is a master inventor at IBM Research – Almaden exploring the frontiers of human-machine interaction and environmental sensing. Full bio
A theoretical physicist by training, IBM's Simone Bianco believes that the 21st century will be the century when the synergy between AI and biology will be fully realized. Full bioTom Zimmerman - Master inventor
Tom Zimmerman is a master inventor at IBM Research – Almaden exploring the frontiers of human-machine interaction and environmental sensing. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Tom Zimmerman: We'd like to take you
on a fantastic journey
on a fantastic journey
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汤姆·齐默曼：
我们想邀请各位参加一场奇妙之旅
我们想邀请各位参加一场奇妙之旅
00:16
to visit the creatures we call the Elders.
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去探索一种生物 我们称之为“长者”
00:19
We call them the Elders
because a half a billion years ago
because a half a billion years ago
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之所以如此称呼 是因为5亿年前
00:23
they tripled the amount
of oxygen in the air,
of oxygen in the air,
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它们大量释氧
将氧气含量提高了3倍
将氧气含量提高了3倍
00:26
which led to an explosion of life,
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使得生命体呈爆炸式增长
00:29
which led to all of us.
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也促成了人类的诞生
00:31
We call them the Elders,
but you probably know them as plankton.
but you probably know them as plankton.
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我们称之为“长者”
你们可能称之为”“浮游生物”
你们可能称之为”“浮游生物”
00:35
(Laughter)
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（笑）
00:36
Now, Simone is a physicist,
and I'm an inventor.
and I'm an inventor.
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西蒙尼是物理学家 我是发明爱好者
00:41
A couple of years ago,
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几年前
我发表过一次演讲
00:43
I was giving a talk
about an invention I made --
about an invention I made --
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内容是关于我发明的一个3D显微镜
00:45
it was a 3D microscope.
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00:46
And Simone was in the audience.
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当时西蒙尼就坐在观众席
00:49
He realized that my microscope
could solve a big problem he was having.
could solve a big problem he was having.
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他发现我的显微镜能帮忙解决
他的一个棘手问题
他的一个棘手问题
00:53
Which was, how to measure the movement
of plankton in 3D fast enough
of plankton in 3D fast enough
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那就是如何利用3D技术
快速测量浮游生物的游动
快速测量浮游生物的游动
00:58
so he could mathematically model
their sensing and behavior.
their sensing and behavior.
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以便建立数学模型来分析
它们的辨向和行动
它们的辨向和行动
01:03
And I frankly needed an application
for my microscope, so ...
for my microscope, so ...
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坦白说 我当时也正需要
实地应用一下我的显微镜 所以喽
实地应用一下我的显微镜 所以喽
01:07
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:08
It was like peanut butter meets chocolate.
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感觉像是萝卜遇着了坑啊
01:10
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:12
So we started working together,
studying these amazing creatures.
studying these amazing creatures.
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于是我们就联手研究
这些奇妙的生物
这些奇妙的生物
01:16
And then we were alarmed
to discover something.
to discover something.
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并获得了一些惊人的发现
01:19
And that's why we're here today.
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这也是我们站在这里的原因
01:21
And I just want to do something with you.
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我想麻烦你们做一件事
01:24
Now, please, just hold
your breath for a second.
your breath for a second.
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现在请你们屏住呼吸几秒钟
01:28
Yes, literally hold your breath.
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没错 就是屏住呼吸
01:29
This is the world without plankton.
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这就是没有浮游生物的感觉
01:33
You see, plankton generate
two-thirds of our oxygen using the sun.
two-thirds of our oxygen using the sun.
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浮游生物吸收阳光
生产了地球上三分之二的氧气
生产了地球上三分之二的氧气
01:37
OK, now you can breathe,
because they're still here.
because they're still here.
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好的 你们现在可以呼吸了
因为浮游生物还在我们身边呢
因为浮游生物还在我们身边呢
01:41
For now.
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至少现在还在
01:43
Simone Bianco: As many of you know,
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西蒙尼·比安科：
大家都知道
大家都知道
自1950年以来 地球表面的平均温度
01:45
since 1950, the average
surface temperature of the earth
surface temperature of the earth
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01:48
has increased by one degree Centigrade
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已经上升了1摄氏度
01:50
due to all the carbon dioxide
we are pumping into the air.
we are pumping into the air.
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因为我们往大气中
排放了很多的二氧化碳
排放了很多的二氧化碳
01:54
Now, while this temperature increase
may not seem like a big deal to us,
may not seem like a big deal to us,
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虽然这1摄氏度的上升
可能不会对人类造成困扰
可能不会对人类造成困扰
却会给浮游生物带来巨大影响
01:58
it is to plankton.
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01:59
Indirect measurements have shown
that the global phytoplankton population
that the global phytoplankton population
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间接测量结果显示
全球范围的浮游植物群
全球范围的浮游植物群
02:04
may have decreased by as much
as 40 percent between 1950 and 2010
as 40 percent between 1950 and 2010
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在1950至2010年间
数量大约减少了40%
数量大约减少了40%
02:09
because of climate change.
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这是气候变化导致的
02:11
And you see, this is a problem
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当然 这也是因为
02:12
also because it's starving
the fish that eat them.
the fish that eat them.
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饥饿的鱼群吞食了它们
02:16
And about a billion people
around the world
around the world
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另外 世界范围内有近10亿人
02:18
depend on fish as their primary source
of protein from animals.
of protein from animals.
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主要通过摄食鱼肉来获取蛋白质
02:23
So you see, this isn't just
about breathing.
about breathing.
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所以你知道吗
这不仅仅是呼吸的问题
这不仅仅是呼吸的问题
02:25
No plankton means no fish.
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没有浮游生物就没有鱼
02:27
And that is a lot of food
we will need to replace.
we will need to replace.
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而鱼的流失会给我们
造成一个巨大的食物缺口
造成一个巨大的食物缺口
02:31
There's something else
that is interesting.
that is interesting.
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另一个有趣的点是
02:33
The bodies of plankton's ancestors
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浮游生物祖先的遗体
02:35
actually make up a for lot
of the carbon we burn today.
of the carbon we burn today.
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构成了我们今天燃烧的碳
且占比很大
且占比很大
02:38
Which is kind of ironic, if you ask me.
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我觉得这挺讽刺的
02:41
Because the plankton that are here today
clean that carbon out of the air.
clean that carbon out of the air.
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因为今天的浮游生物
要减少空气中的那些碳
要减少空气中的那些碳
02:46
But you see, they don't really
hold a grudge.
hold a grudge.
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你看 它们倒是不怎么记仇嘛
02:48
(Laughter)
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（笑）
02:50
The problem is they cannot keep up
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但问题是 它们的效率跟不上
02:52
with the tremendous amount
of carbon we are dumping into the air.
of carbon we are dumping into the air.
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我们巨大的碳排放量
02:57
So what does all of this mean?
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所以这意味着什么呢
02:58
Well, it means
that our big carbon footprint
that our big carbon footprint
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这意味着我们大量的碳足迹
03:01
is crushing the very creatures
that sustain us.
that sustain us.
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正在压垮这些维持
生态平衡的特殊物种
生态平衡的特殊物种
03:04
And yes, like Tom said,
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就像汤姆说的
杀死近半帮助我们呼吸的生物
03:06
killing almost half of the creatures
that allow us to breathe
that allow us to breathe
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03:09
is a really big deal.
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这事儿非同小可
03:11
So you're probably asking yourself:
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这时你可能会问
03:13
Why aren't we doing something about it?
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为什么我们还不采取点措施呢
03:16
Our theory is that plankton are tiny,
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我们的观点是 浮游生物很小
03:19
and it's really, really hard to care
about something you cannot see.
about something you cannot see.
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我们真的很难去关注那些
肉眼看不到的东西
肉眼看不到的东西
03:23
You see, there's a quote I really like
in "The Little Prince" that goes,
in "The Little Prince" that goes,
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《小王子》里有一句话我很喜欢
03:26
"What is essential
is invisible to the eye."
is invisible to the eye."
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他说：“至珍之物总不为肉眼所见”
03:29
We really believe
that if more people could come
that if more people could come
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我们真心相信 如果有更多的人
03:32
face to ... cilia with plankton,
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能愿意走近并了解浮游生物
03:36
there is a greater chance
we could all rally together
we could all rally together
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那我们就更有可能团结一心
03:39
and save these creatures
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拯救这些物种
它们对维持地球上的生命
是至关重要的
是至关重要的
03:40
that are so important
to life on our planet.
to life on our planet.
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03:42
TZ: Exactly, Simone.
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汤姆·齐 曼:
确实如此 西蒙尼
确实如此 西蒙尼
03:44
So to do this,
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要走近浮游生物
03:45
we're going to bring you
scuba diving with plankton.
scuba diving with plankton.
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我们先跟它们来一场潜水之旅吧
03:51
But I just need to shrink you
by a factor of 1000,
by a factor of 1000,
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不过我需要将你们缩小1000倍
03:54
to a scale where the diameter
of a human hair is as big as my hand.
of a human hair is as big as my hand.
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使得人类一根头发的直径
跟我的手一样大
跟我的手一样大
03:59
And I happen to have invented
a machine to do just that.
a machine to do just that.
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刚好我发明了一台机器
可以做到这点
可以做到这点
04:03
SB: Anyone here remember
"Fantastic Voyage"
"Fantastic Voyage"
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西蒙尼·比安科：
有谁记得“神奇的旅程”这部电影吗
有谁记得“神奇的旅程”这部电影吗
04:06
or "Innerspace?"
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或者“惊异大奇航”
没错 不少人都知道
04:08
Yeah, yeah.
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马丁·肖特一直是我最爱的演员之一
04:09
Martin Short is one of my all-time
favorite actors.
favorite actors.
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接下来要做的事呢
就跟电影里描述的情节类似
就跟电影里描述的情节类似
04:13
And now this -- this is just like that.
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04:16
TZ: Indeed, yes.
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汤姆·齐默曼:
确实如此
确实如此
我小时候看过“神奇的旅程”
04:17
When I was a boy,
I saw "Fantastic Voyage,"
I saw "Fantastic Voyage,"
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我很喜欢穿梭于血管之间
04:19
and I really loved how I could travel
through the bloodstream
through the bloodstream
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然后观察生物学
在细胞上的实践应用
在细胞上的实践应用
04:23
and see biology work on a cellular level.
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科幻电影总能给我很多灵感
04:26
I've always been inspired
by science fiction.
by science fiction.
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04:28
As an inventor, I try
and turn fantasy into reality.
and turn fantasy into reality.
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作为一名发明者
我努力尝试将幻想变为现实
我努力尝试将幻想变为现实
04:32
And I once invented this glove
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我曾发明过一只手套
04:35
which let me travel and help
people like you explore the virtual world.
people like you explore the virtual world.
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让我可以帮助你们这样的有心人
去探索虚拟世界
去探索虚拟世界
现在我发明了这台机器
04:40
So now I've invented this machine
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让我们可以去探索微观世界
04:42
to let us explore the microscopic world.
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它不是虚拟的 这是真实存在的
04:45
It's not virtual, it's real.
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04:47
Just really, really tiny.
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只是它们很小 很小
04:49
It's based on the microscope
that got Simone's attention.
that got Simone's attention.
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这是从之前西蒙尼关注的
那台机器上发展起来的
那台机器上发展起来的
它的工作原理是这样的
04:52
So, here's how it works.
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04:54
I have an image sensor
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这里有一个图像传感器
04:56
like the kind in your cell phone,
behind the lens.
behind the lens.
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跟你们手机摄像镜头后面的
传感器是一个类型的
传感器是一个类型的
04:59
And then I have a little tray
of plankton water
of plankton water
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然后这里有一个小盘
装有带浮游生物的水
装有带浮游生物的水
05:01
like you might find from a river
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就像你们从河里
05:03
or my fish tank, which I never
change the water on.
change the water on.
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或者从我那从不换水的鱼缸里
取来的那种
取来的那种
05:05
(Laughter)
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（笑）
因为我爱浮游生物啊
05:07
Because I love plankton.
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05:08
(Laughter)
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（笑）
05:11
And underneath I have a light, an LED,
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然后下面有一盏LED灯
它可以将浮游生物的
影子投射到图像传感器上
影子投射到图像传感器上
05:15
which is going to cast shadows
of the plankton on the image sensor.
of the plankton on the image sensor.
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05:19
And now this silver thing
is an XY plotter,
is an XY plotter,
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而这个银色的东西是一个XY绘图机
05:22
so I can move the image sensor
to follow the plankton as they swim.
to follow the plankton as they swim.
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这样我就能让图像传感器
跟着浮游生物移动
跟着浮游生物移动
05:27
Now comes the fantasy part.
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见证奇迹的时刻来了
05:30
(Laughter)
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（笑）
05:32
I put a tilt sensor on this helmet
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我在这顶头盔上
装了一个倾斜传感器
装了一个倾斜传感器
05:35
so I can control
the microscope with my head.
the microscope with my head.
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这样我就能用头控制显微镜了
05:39
And now let's look at the video
from this image sensor.
from this image sensor.
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现在我们来看看
图像传感器传来的视频录像吧
图像传感器传来的视频录像吧
05:44
These are all plankton.
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这些全都是浮游生物
就是那小盘子里的
05:46
This is in that little tray,
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05:48
and with my head,
I can move the microscope.
I can move the microscope.
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我可以用我的头来移动显微镜
05:53
So now we're ready
to go scuba diving with plankton.
to go scuba diving with plankton.
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现在我们就可以跟
浮游生物一起潜水了
浮游生物一起潜水了
05:56
My head will be the navigator,
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我的头会为大家导航
05:59
and Simone will be our tour guide.
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而西蒙尼会当我们的导游
06:01
SB: Yes.
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西蒙尼·比安科：
好的
好的
（笑）
06:02
(Laughter)
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欢迎大家来到
水滴中的奇妙生物世界
水滴中的奇妙生物世界
06:03
So welcome all to the wonderful world
of life in a drop of water.
of life in a drop of water.
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06:07
Actually, as you can see,
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你们看
通过机器我们看到的
就不仅仅是一滴水而已了
就不仅仅是一滴水而已了
06:09
with this instrument, we are not
at all limited to a single drop.
at all limited to a single drop.
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06:13
Alright, let's find something.
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现在让我们来好好探索一下吧
06:15
The little creatures you see
in the center of your screen,
in the center of your screen,
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你们看到的那些在屏幕
中央的小小的生物
中央的小小的生物
06:18
they are called rotifer.
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它们叫作“轮虫”
06:19
They are the garbage collectors
of our waters.
of our waters.
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它们是水里的垃圾收集员
06:22
They break down organic matter
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它们分解有机物质
06:24
and allow it to be reclaimed
by the environment.
by the environment.
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使其得以被环境重新回收利用
06:27
Now, you know,
nature is an amazing recycler.
nature is an amazing recycler.
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现在你们知道了吧
自然是一位神奇的回收利用师
自然是一位神奇的回收利用师
06:30
Structures are continuously built,
they are decomposed and recycled,
they are decomposed and recycled,
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结构不断再生
又不断地被分解和回收
又不断地被分解和回收
所有过程所需的能量都源于太阳能
06:34
and all of that is powered
by solar energy.
by solar energy.
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06:37
But just think.
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但大家想想
想象一下
如果我们的垃圾回收员
如果我们的垃圾回收员
06:38
Think about what will happen
if, you know, our garbage collectors
if, you know, our garbage collectors
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06:42
didn't come anymore, if they disappeared.
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不再出现了 消失了
世界会变成什么样
世界会变成什么样
06:45
Something else?
Let's look for something else.
Let's look for something else.
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有替代的物种吗
让我们来看看其他的生物
让我们来看看其他的生物
06:47
Oh, look at that.
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噢 看那个
06:48
You see the big
ice-cream-cone-shaped things?
ice-cream-cone-shaped things?
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你们看到那个大大的
冰淇淋锥状的东西了吗
冰淇淋锥状的东西了吗
06:52
Those are called Stentor,
those are amazing creatures.
those are amazing creatures.
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它们叫作“喇叭虫”
是一种神奇的生物
是一种神奇的生物
它们看起来很大
但它们本身就只是一个细胞
但它们本身就只是一个细胞
06:55
You know, they are big,
but they are a single cell.
but they are a single cell.
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06:58
You remember the rotifer we just met?
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还记得刚刚看到的轮虫吗
它们只有0.5毫米长
但是却有大约1,000个细胞
但是却有大约1,000个细胞
07:00
That's about half a millimeter,
it's about 1,000 cells --
it's about 1,000 cells --
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07:04
it's typically 15 for the brain,
15 for the stomach
15 for the stomach
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基本上大脑分去15个 肠胃分去15个
然后生殖也大概分去15个
07:08
and you know, about the same
for reproduction,
for reproduction,
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07:10
which is kind of the right mix,
if you ask me.
if you ask me.
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我认为这算是合理的组合了
（笑）
07:13
(Laughter)
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07:14
But ... right?
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对吧
汤姆·齐默曼：我同意
07:16
TZ: I agree.
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西蒙尼·比安科：
但是喇叭虫就只是一个细胞而已
但是喇叭虫就只是一个细胞而已
07:17
SB: But a Stentor is only a single cell.
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它能感知并对周围的刺激做出反应
07:19
And it's able to sense
and react to its environment.
and react to its environment.
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07:22
You see, it will swim forward
when it's happy;
when it's happy;
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你们看 它们开心的时候就会游向前
07:25
it will swim backward when it's trying
to get away from something
to get away from something
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想要躲避什么的时候就会后退
07:28
like, you know, a toxic chemical.
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比如说有毒的化学物质
07:30
With our friends in the Center
for Cellular Construction
for Cellular Construction
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在细胞结构中心的朋友
07:33
and the help of the National
Science Foundation,
Science Foundation,
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以及国家科学基金会的帮助下
07:36
we are using Stentor to sense the presence
of contamination in food and water,
of contamination in food and water,
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我们目前在尝试利用
喇叭虫感知水和食物中的污染物
喇叭虫感知水和食物中的污染物
我觉得这是一个很酷的项目
07:40
which I think is really cool.
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07:42
Alright, last one.
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好的 来看看最后一个
07:43
So the dots that you see there
that are, let's say, behind everything,
that are, let's say, behind everything,
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你们看那些点点
就在所有东西后面的那些点点
就在所有东西后面的那些点点
它们是水藻
07:47
they're algae.
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07:48
They are the creatures that provide
the majority of oxygen in the air.
the majority of oxygen in the air.
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它们提供了空气中大部分的氧气
07:53
They convert solar light
and carbon dioxide
and carbon dioxide
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它们将阳光和二氧化碳转化成
07:56
into the oxygen that is filling
your lungs right now.
your lungs right now.
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现在充盈在你们肺里的氧气
07:59
So you see, we all got algae breath.
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所以我们大家都吸着水藻的氧呢
汤姆·齐默曼：（呼气）
08:01
TZ: (Exhales)
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西蒙尼·比安科：耶！（笑）
08:02
SB: Yay! (Laughter)
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知道吗 更有趣的是
08:03
You know, there's something interesting.
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08:05
About a billion years ago, ancient plants
got their photosynthesis capability
got their photosynthesis capability
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大约10亿年前 远古植物就
通过吸收微小的浮游生物
通过吸收微小的浮游生物
08:10
by incorporating tiny,
tiny plankton into their cells.
tiny plankton into their cells.
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进细胞内来获得光合作用的能力
08:14
That's exactly like us putting
solar panels on top of our roofs.
solar panels on top of our roofs.
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这就跟我们把太阳能板
放在屋顶是一个道理
放在屋顶是一个道理
08:19
So you see, the microscopic world
is even more amazing than science fiction.
is even more amazing than science fiction.
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所以说 微观世界比
科幻电影还要神奇呢
科幻电影还要神奇呢
汤姆·齐默曼：嗯 是的
08:23
TZ: Oh, indeed.
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08:24
So now you've seen
how vital plankton are to our lives
how vital plankton are to our lives
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那么大家已经知道了
浮游生物对我们生活的重要性
浮游生物对我们生活的重要性
以及我们是多么需要它们了吧
08:28
and how much we need them.
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08:30
If we kill the plankton, we will die
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如果我们杀死浮游生物 我们也会死
可能死于窒息或饥饿 你们二选一吧
08:33
of asphyxiation or starvation,
take your pick.
take your pick.
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08:37
Oh, yes, I know it's sad, yes.
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是的 我也知道这
听上去很凄凉 没错
听上去很凄凉 没错
08:39
(Laughter)
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（笑）
在浮游生物的游戏里
要么赢 要么死
要么赢 要么死
08:40
In the game of plankton,
you win or you die.
you win or you die.
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08:44
(Laughter)
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（笑）
现在 令我惊讶的是
我们意识到全球变暖
我们意识到全球变暖
08:47
Now, what amazes me is,
we have known about global warming
we have known about global warming
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已经有超过一个世纪的时间了
08:53
for over a century.
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08:55
Ever since the Swedish
scientist, Arrhenius,
scientist, Arrhenius,
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瑞典一位名为 阿列纽斯 的科学家
曾计算出了焚烧化石燃料
08:57
calculated the effect
of burning fossil fuel
of burning fossil fuel
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09:00
on the earth's temperature.
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会给地球温度变化带来的后果
自此我们就在持续关注全球变暖
但我们现在行动起来也不迟
但我们现在行动起来也不迟
09:02
We've known about this for a long time,
but it's not too late if we act now.
but it's not too late if we act now.
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09:07
Yes, yes, I know, I know,
our world is based on fossil fuels,
our world is based on fossil fuels,
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是的 没错 我知道
这个世界是靠化石能源驱动的
这个世界是靠化石能源驱动的
但我们有能力调整为
用可再生的太阳能来驱动社会运转
用可再生的太阳能来驱动社会运转
09:11
but we can adjust our society
to run on renewable energy from the Sun
to run on renewable energy from the Sun
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从而创造一个
更持续发展 更有保障的未来
更持续发展 更有保障的未来
09:16
to create a more sustainable
and secure future.
and secure future.
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09:19
That's good for the little creatures
here, the plankton,
here, the plankton,
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这不仅仅对这些浮游生物好
也是对我们好 理由如下
09:21
and that good for us -- here's why.
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09:25
The three greatest concerns
of people all around the globe
of people all around the globe
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全世界人们最担心的三大典型问题
是工作 暴力和健康
09:28
typically are jobs, violence and health.
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09:32
A job means food and shelter.
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工作保障吃和住
09:34
Look at these creatures,
they're swimming around,
they're swimming around,
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看看这些小生命 它们游来游去
在寻找一处能吃能繁衍的地方
09:36
they're looking for a place
to eat and reproduce.
to eat and reproduce.
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09:39
If a single cell is programmed to do that,
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如果连一个细胞都
与生俱来地为了食物和繁殖奔波
与生俱来地为了食物和繁殖奔波
那么人体内的30万亿个
细胞自然也有着同样的渴望
细胞自然也有着同样的渴望
09:42
it's no surprise that 30 trillion cells
have the same agenda.
have the same agenda.
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09:48
Violence.
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暴力
09:49
Dependence on fossil fuels
makes a country vulnerable.
makes a country vulnerable.
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对化石能源的依赖
会让一个国家变得脆弱
会让一个国家变得脆弱
09:54
Which leads to conflicts
all around the oil resources.
all around the oil resources.
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对石油资源的争夺会激起矛盾
10:00
Solar energy, on the other hand,
is distributed around the whole globe,
is distributed around the whole globe,
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而太阳能是普惠全世界的
没有人能挡得住太阳
10:03
and no one can blockade the sun.
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（笑）
10:06
(Laughter)
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接着是最后一点 健康
10:07
And then, finally, health.
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10:10
Fossil fuels are like a global cigarette.
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化石能源就像是
一只全球都在吸的烟
一只全球都在吸的烟
10:13
And in my opinion,
coal is like an unfiltered type.
coal is like an unfiltered type.
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照我看来 煤炭就是未过滤型的
10:18
Now, just like smoking,
the best time to quit is when?
the best time to quit is when?
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这就像吸烟一样
戒烟的最好时机是什么时候呢
戒烟的最好时机是什么时候呢
10:22
Audience: Now.
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观众：现在
10:24
TZ: Now! Not when you get lung cancer.
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汤姆·齐默曼：就是现在啦
可不是你得了肺癌的时候
可不是你得了肺癌的时候
10:26
Now I know if you look around,
some people may abandon facts and reason.
some people may abandon facts and reason.
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我知道你们周围
可能会有人罔顾事实和理智
可能会有人罔顾事实和理智
10:32
Only until suffering --
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在感到痛苦时才大梦初醒
（笑）
10:34
(Laughter)
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是的 他们会无视事实和理智
10:35
Yes, they will abandon facts and reason.
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但痛苦最终会且必然地促成改变
10:38
But suffering will eventually
and inevitably force change.
and inevitably force change.
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但我们不要用痛苦
要用我们的新皮质 我们的新大脑
要用我们的新皮质 我们的新大脑
10:43
But let's instead use
our neocortex, our new brain,
our neocortex, our new brain,
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去拯救这些“长者”
这些地球上的远古生物
这些地球上的远古生物
10:47
to save the Elders, some of the oldest
creatures on the earth.
creatures on the earth.
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让我们用科学驾驭能源
10:50
And let's apply science
to harness the energy
to harness the energy
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10:54
that has fueled the Elders
for millions of years --
for millions of years --
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那些“长者”们
赖以生存了几百万年的能源
赖以生存了几百万年的能源
10:59
the sun.
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太阳
谢谢
11:01
Thank you.
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（鼓掌）
11:02
(Applause)
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Translated by Chan Yang
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Simone Bianco - Cell engineerA theoretical physicist by training, IBM's Simone Bianco believes that the 21st century will be the century when the synergy between AI and biology will be fully realized.
Why you should listen
Simone Bianco, PhD, is research staff member and IBM rock star at IBM Research – Almaden, where he leads the Cellular Engineering group. He's passionate about making biology a quantitative science by using tools from mathematics, physics, engineering and computer science. He believes this interdisciplinary approach will not only impact biological and medical fields but also will advance biologically inspired engineering and computer science. His research spans many scientific fields, from genomic and evolutionary biology to bioengineering, epidemiology, statistical physics and computer science.
Bianco studied physics at the University of Pisa, Italy, the school of Galileo Galilei and Enrico Fermi, and he got his PhD from the University of North Texas. He held research appointments at the College of William and Mary and at the University of California San Francisco. Bianco is a founding principal investigator of the Center for Cellular Construction, an NSF funded multi-institution initiative which aims to build self-organized devices from living organisms.
Simone Bianco | Speaker | TED.com
Tom Zimmerman - Master inventor
Tom Zimmerman is a master inventor at IBM Research – Almaden exploring the frontiers of human-machine interaction and environmental sensing.
Why you should listen
Tom Zimmerman has more than 60 patents on user input devices, wireless communication, image and audio signal processing, biometrics, encryption and microscopy. His Data Glove and PowerGlove inventions helped establish the field of virtual reality. His electric field Personal Area Network invention sends data through the human body, and it can prevent airbags from injuring children in cars. Zimmerman's environmental work includes research on the yaw stability of wind turbines and solar thermal storage at MIT, and building wireless sensors to monitor sea turtles in the US and Costa Rica.
Zimmerman is currently developing AI-powered microscopes to monitor plankton in their natural environment and studying the response of plankton to toxins in his work with the Center For Cellular Construction. He supports the DIY community through articles in Make Magazine and his passion for volunteering in the public schools earned him the California Medal for Service from Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver.
Tom Zimmerman | Speaker | TED.com