TEDGlobal 2011
Jae Rhim Lee: My mushroom burial suit
Jae Rhim Lee: 我的专属蘑菇寿衣
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艺术家Jae Rhim Lee提出了一个大胆创意。我们能否在死后用自己的身体让地球变得更清洁环保呢？使用植满吞食污染物的蘑菇寿衣就水到渠成了。没错，这可能是你所见过最骇人听闻的TED演讲。
Jae Rhim Lee - Artist
Artist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world. Full bio
Artist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm here to explain
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我来解释一下
00:17
why I'm wearing these ninja pajamas.
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为什么我穿着这样一套忍者睡衣
00:19
And to do that, I'd like to talk first
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我想首先谈谈我们体内含有的
00:21
about environmental toxins in our bodies.
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对环境有害的毒素
00:24
So some of you may know
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你们可能有人知道
00:26
about the chemical Bisphenol A, BPA.
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一种叫双酚A或BPA的化学物质
00:28
It's a material hardener and synthetic estrogen
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这是一种存在于罐装食品保护膜
00:31
that's found in the lining of canned foods
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和某些塑料制品中的
00:33
and some plastics.
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材料硬化剂和合成雌性激素
00:35
So BPA mimics the body's own hormones
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BPA模仿人体内激素
00:38
and causes neurological and reproductive problems.
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造成神经和生育方面的问题
00:41
And it's everywhere.
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到处都是这种物质
00:43
A recent study found BPA
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近期一项研究表明
00:45
in 93 percent of people six and older.
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在6岁和6岁以上的人群有93%体内都含有BPA
00:49
But it's just one chemical.
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这还只是一种化学物质
00:51
The Center for Disease Control in the U.S.
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美国疾病控制中心公布
00:54
says we have 219 toxic pollutants in our bodies,
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人们体内存在219种有毒物质
00:58
and this includes preservatives, pesticides
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其中包括防腐剂 杀虫剂
01:01
and heavy metals like lead and mercury.
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以及铅和汞等重金属
01:04
To me, this says three things.
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在我看来 这说明了三点
01:06
First, don't become a cannibal.
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第一 千万别吃人肉
01:10
Second, we are both responsible for and the victims of
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第二 我们既是污染制造者
01:13
our own pollution.
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又是污染的受害者
01:15
And third,
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第三
01:17
our bodies are filters and storehouses
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我们的身体成为了环境毒素的
01:19
for environmental toxins.
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过滤器和储藏室
01:22
So what happens to all these toxins when we die?
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那么我们死后 这些毒素怎么办呢
01:25
The short answer is:
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简单地说
01:27
They return to the environment in one way or another,
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这些毒素会通过各种途径回到环境
01:29
continuing the cycle of toxicity.
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持续循环
01:31
But our current funeral practices
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然而 我们所进行的丧礼仪式
01:33
make the situation much worse.
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却加剧了形势的恶化
01:35
If you're cremated,
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如果你被火化
01:37
all those toxins I mentioned are released into the atmosphere.
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我所提到的所有有毒物质都会被释放到大气中
01:40
And this includes 5,000 pounds of mercury
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其中包括每年用于补牙的
01:43
from our dental fillings alone every year.
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5000磅的汞
01:46
And in a traditional American funeral,
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传统的美国葬礼上
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a dead body is covered with fillers and cosmetics
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人们往往会给遗体化妆打蜡
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to make it look alive.
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让遗体看起来有栩栩如生
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It's then pumped with toxic formaldehyde
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接着遗体被浸泡在有毒的福尔马林中
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to slow decomposition --
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以防止腐败
01:59
a practice which causes respiratory problems and cancer
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这一做法会使殡仪人员的呼吸系统出现问题
02:02
in funeral personnel.
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并导致癌症
02:05
So by trying to preserve our dead bodies,
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我们为保存遗体做了重重工作
02:08
we deny death, poison the living
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结果只是粉饰死亡 毒害生灵
02:11
and further harm the environment.
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进而破坏了环境
02:13
Green or natural burials, which don't use embalming,
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无遗体防腐处理的绿色自然埋葬
02:16
are a step in the right direction,
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方向是对的
02:18
but they don't address the existing toxins in our bodies.
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但是这种方法并不能解决我们体内毒素的问题
02:22
I think there's a better solution.
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我想到了一个更好的方法
02:24
I'm an artist,
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我是一个艺术家
02:26
so I'd like to offer a modest proposal
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我把艺术 科学 文化结合在一起
02:28
at the intersection
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提出一个
02:30
of art, science and culture.
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谦卑的建议
02:32
The Infinity Burial Project,
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无极入葬计划
02:34
an alternative burial system
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这是一种采用蘑菇
02:36
that uses mushrooms
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来分解并清除
02:38
to decompose and clean toxins in bodies.
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遗体内有毒物质的入葬方法
02:40
The Infinity Burial Project
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无限入葬计划
02:42
began a few years ago with a fantasy
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始于几年前
02:44
to create the Infinity Mushroom --
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创造无极蘑菇的设想
02:46
a new hybrid mushroom
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这是一种新型杂交蘑菇
02:48
that would decompose bodies, clean the toxins
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它能够分解尸体 清除毒素
02:51
and deliver nutrients to plant roots,
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并将养分输送给植物的根系
02:53
leaving clean compost.
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只留下无害的降解物
02:55
But I learned it's nearly impossible
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可惜 我后来知道
02:57
to create a new hybrid mushroom.
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创造这样的蘑菇几乎是不可能的
02:59
I also learned
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我还得知
03:01
that some of our tastiest mushrooms
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一些最可口的蘑菇
03:03
can clean environmental toxins in soil.
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能够清洁土壤中的毒素
03:05
So I thought maybe I could train an army
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于是我想 或许我能够训练
03:08
of toxin-cleaning edible mushrooms
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一支清除毒素的食用蘑菇军团
03:11
to eat my body.
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来吃掉我的遗体
03:13
So today, I'm collecting what I shed or slough off --
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现在 我把身上褪掉的物质收集起来
03:16
my hair, skin and nails --
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比如我的毛发 皮 指甲
03:19
and I'm feeding these to edible mushrooms.
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喂给我这些食用蘑菇
03:22
As the mushrooms grow,
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等它们长大了
03:24
I pick the best feeders
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我会挑出最能吃的蘑菇
03:26
to become Infinity Mushrooms.
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来做我的无极蘑菇
03:28
It's a kind of imprinting and selective breeding process
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这是一种为来生所做的
03:31
for the afterlife.
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胚教和选择性培育过程
03:33
So when I die,
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我死后
03:35
the Infinity Mushrooms will recognize my body
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无极蘑菇能够识别我的身体
03:37
and be able to eat it.
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并把它吃掉
03:39
All right, so for some of you,
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对于大家有些人
03:41
this may be really, really out there.
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这可能非常骇人听闻
03:43
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
03:45
Just a little.
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有一点吧
03:47
I realize this is not the kind of relationship
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我意识到 我们一般不会热衷于
03:50
that we usually aspire to have with our food.
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与我们的食物建立这样的关系
03:53
We want to eat, not be eaten by, our food.
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我们吃食物 而不是被食物吃掉
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But as I watch the mushrooms grow
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然而 但我看着这些蘑菇长大
03:58
and digest my body,
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分解我的身体
04:00
I imagine the Infinity Mushroom
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我把这无极蘑菇
04:02
as a symbol of a new way of thinking about death
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想像成看待死亡的一种新方式
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and the relationship between my body and the environment.
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以及我的身体与环境的关系
04:08
See for me,
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对于我而言
04:10
cultivating the Infinity Mushroom
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培育无极蘑菇
04:12
is more than just scientific experimentation
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并不仅仅只是科学试验
04:14
or gardening or raising a pet,
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或是养植物养宠物
04:17
it's a step towards accepting the fact
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而是直面现实
04:19
that someday I will die and decay.
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承认我总有一天会死去并腐烂
04:22
It's also a step
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这也是
04:24
towards taking responsibility
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我为地球
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for my own burden on the planet.
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承担起自己应尽的一部分义务
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Growing a mushroom is also part of a larger practice
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种植蘑菇也是
04:31
of cultivating decomposing organisms
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以培育拥有分解能力的有机体
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called decompiculture,
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即“分解种植术” 的手段之一
04:35
a concept that was developed by an entomologist,
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这一概念是由昆虫学家
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Timothy Myles.
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Timothy Myles提出的
04:40
The Infinity Mushroom is a subset of decompiculture
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无极蘑菇是分解种植的一个子集
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I'm calling body decompiculture and toxin remediation --
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人体分解种植和毒素清除法
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the cultivation of organisms that decompose
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就是培育能够分解并清除
04:49
and clean toxins in bodies.
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遗体中毒素的有机生物
04:52
And now about these ninja pajamas.
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现在我们看看这些忍者睡衣
04:54
Once it's completed,
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一旦完成这些睡衣
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I plan to integrate the Infinity Mushrooms into a number of objects.
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我打算用无极蘑菇达到许多目的
04:59
First, a burial suit
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首先 一套
05:01
infused with mushroom spores,
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布满蘑菇孢子的寿衣
05:03
the Mushroom Death Suit.
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即“蘑菇寿衣”
05:05
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
05:07
I'm wearing the second prototype
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我所穿的 是这种寿衣
05:09
of this burial suit.
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第二阶段的雏形
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It's covered with a crocheted netting
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衣服上覆盖着钩制的网
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that is embedded with mushroom spores.
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蘑菇孢子就嵌在这些网丝中
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The dendritic pattern you see
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这树状图形
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mimics the growth of mushroom mycelia,
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仿照菌丝的形态
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which are the equivalent of plant roots.
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相当于植物的根部
05:23
I'm also making a decompiculture kit,
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我还在制作一个
05:25
a cocktail of capsules
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分解种植服
05:27
that contain Infinity Mushroom spores
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将装有蘑菇孢子
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and other elements
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和加速分解化毒元素的胶囊
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that speed decomposition and toxin remediation.
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嵌在一起
05:34
These capsules are embedded in a nutrient-rich jelly,
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这些胶囊被嵌在一层富有养料的凝胶物中
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a kind of second skin,
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相当于第二层皮肤
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which dissolves quickly
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它会很快被分解
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and becomes baby food for the growing mushrooms.
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成为蘑菇生长的养料
05:44
So I plan to finish the mushroom and decompiculture kit
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我计划在一到两年内完成蘑菇的种植
05:47
in the next year or two,
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以及分解种植服
05:49
and then I'd like to begin testing them,
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接着我会进行测试
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first with expired meat from the market
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首先用过期的肉来试验
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and then with human subjects.
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然后再用人体部分
05:56
And believe it or not,
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信不信由你
05:58
a few people have offered to donate their bodies to the project
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已经有不少人志愿为这个项目
06:01
to be eaten by mushrooms.
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把遗体捐出来让蘑菇吃掉
06:04
(Laughter)
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（众人笑）
06:07
What I've learned from talking to these folks
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在与这些人交谈的过程中
06:09
is that we share a common desire
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我得知我们都渴望
06:11
to understand and accept death
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了解并接受死亡
06:14
and to minimize the impact of our death on the environment.
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最大程度降低我们的死给环境带来的影响
06:17
I wanted to cultivate this perspective
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我希望能够像培植蘑菇一样
06:20
just like the mushrooms,
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培植这种理念
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so I formed the Decompiculture Society,
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所以我建立了分解种植术社团
06:24
a group of people called decompinauts
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这个组织的成员被称为“分解先锋”
06:27
who actively explore their postmortem options,
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他们大胆进行后现代行动
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seek death acceptance
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力求接受死亡
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and cultivate decomposing organisms
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种植有分解能力的有机物
06:34
like the Infinity Mushroom.
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比如无极蘑菇
06:37
The Decompiculture Society shares a vision
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分解种植社团
06:39
of a cultural shift,
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改变了现有的态度
06:41
from our current culture of death denial and body preservation
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摒弃对死亡的否认或对人体进行防腐处理
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to one of decompiculture,
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赞同分解种植术
06:46
a radical acceptance of death and decomposition.
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理智地接受死亡和遗体分解
06:50
Accepting death means accepting
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接受死亡意味着
06:52
that we are physical beings
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承认我们的身体是有物质组成的
06:54
who are intimately connected to the environment,
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与环境密切相关
06:56
as the research on environmental toxins confirms.
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环境毒素研究证实了这一点
06:59
And the saying goes,
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有句话说得好
07:01
we came from dust and will return to dust.
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我们来于尘土 归于尘土
07:04
And once we understand that we're connected to the environment,
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一旦明白了我们与环境紧密相关
07:07
we see that the survival of our species
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我们就能明白人类的存亡
07:09
depends on the survival of the planet.
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取决于地球的存亡
07:11
I believe this is the beginning
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我相信这是
07:14
of true environmental responsibility.
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对环境切实负责的第一步
07:16
Thank you.
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感谢大家
07:18
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jae Rhim Lee - ArtistArtist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world.
Why you should listen
Jae Rhim Lee is a visual artist and mushroom lover. In her early work, as a grad student at MIT, she built systems that reworked basic human processes: sleeping (check out her it-just-might-work vertical bed from 2004), urinating and eating (and the relationship between the two). Now she's working on a compelling new plan for the final human process: decomposition.
Her Infinity Burial Project explores the choices we face after death, and how our choices reflect our denial or acceptance of death’s physical implications. She's been developing a new strain of fungus, the Infinity Mushroom, that feeds on and remediates the industrial toxins we store in our bodies and convert our unused bodies efficiently into nutrients. Her Infinity Burial System converts corpses into clean compost. And if this vision of life after death appeals to you, explore the resources at Lee's company, Coeio.
Jae Rhim Lee | Speaker | TED.com