TEDGlobal 2011
Jae Rhim Lee: My mushroom burial suit
Jae Rhim Lee：蘑菇壽衣
Filmed:
Readability: 5.8
1,706,700 views
這是由藝術家Jae Rhim Lee發表的強力的演說。我們是否能保證我們的身體，在死亡後，也能讓地球能更清潔，更環保？就用一種自然 -- 特殊能吸收污染的蘑菇所做的壽衣。是的，這也許是你看過最奇怪TED演說...
Jae Rhim Lee - Artist
Artist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world. Full bio
Artist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I'm here to explain
0
0
2000
我今天要跟各位談的是
00:17
why I'm wearing these ninja pajamas.
1
2000
2000
為何我會穿上這忍者裝睡衣
00:19
And to do that, I'd like to talk first
2
4000
2000
在那之前，我想先談談
00:21
about environmental toxins in our bodies.
3
6000
3000
我們身體裡的環境毒素
00:24
So some of you may know
4
9000
2000
在座有些人也許知道
00:26
about the chemical Bisphenol A, BPA.
5
11000
2000
BPA，也就是化學雙酚A
00:28
It's a material hardener and synthetic estrogen
6
13000
3000
這是一種固化劑，也是一種合成雌激素
00:31
that's found in the lining of canned foods
7
16000
2000
可以從罐頭食品的內裝
00:33
and some plastics.
8
18000
2000
和一些塑膠製品中找到
00:35
So BPA mimics the body's own hormones
9
20000
3000
雙酚A類似我們體內的荷爾蒙
00:38
and causes neurological and reproductive problems.
10
23000
3000
會造成造成神經系統和生殖系統的問題
00:41
And it's everywhere.
11
26000
2000
這種物質無所不在
00:43
A recent study found BPA
12
28000
2000
一項最近的研究發現
00:45
in 93 percent of people six and older.
13
30000
3000
六歲以上的人中有93%體內都有此種物質
00:49
But it's just one chemical.
14
34000
2000
但這只是其中一種化學物質
00:51
The Center for Disease Control in the U.S.
15
36000
3000
美國的疾病管制中心表示
00:54
says we have 219 toxic pollutants in our bodies,
16
39000
4000
我們的體內存在了219種毒素
00:58
and this includes preservatives, pesticides
17
43000
3000
當中包含有防腐劑、農藥
01:01
and heavy metals like lead and mercury.
18
46000
3000
以及像是鉛和汞的重金屬
01:04
To me, this says three things.
19
49000
2000
對我而言，這代表了三件事
01:06
First, don't become a cannibal.
20
51000
4000
第一、不要當食人魔
01:10
Second, we are both responsible for and the victims of
21
55000
3000
第二、我們同時是汙染者
01:13
our own pollution.
22
58000
2000
也是汙染的受害者
01:15
And third,
23
60000
2000
第三
01:17
our bodies are filters and storehouses
24
62000
2000
我們的身體是
01:19
for environmental toxins.
25
64000
3000
環境毒素的濾心也是倉庫
01:22
So what happens to all these toxins when we die?
26
67000
3000
所以這所有的毒素在我們死後會變成如何呢？
01:25
The short answer is:
27
70000
2000
簡單來說
01:27
They return to the environment in one way or another,
28
72000
2000
它們會以各種方式回到環境中
01:29
continuing the cycle of toxicity.
29
74000
2000
繼續毒素的循環
01:31
But our current funeral practices
30
76000
2000
但我們目前處理喪禮的方式
01:33
make the situation much worse.
31
78000
2000
讓整個情況更加嚴重
01:35
If you're cremated,
32
80000
2000
如果是以火化的方式進行
01:37
all those toxins I mentioned are released into the atmosphere.
33
82000
3000
我剛提到所有這些毒素會被釋放到大氣中
01:40
And this includes 5,000 pounds of mercury
34
85000
3000
這包括5000磅的汞
01:43
from our dental fillings alone every year.
35
88000
3000
這還單只是我們每年使用的補牙填充物而已
01:46
And in a traditional American funeral,
36
91000
3000
而傳統的美國式喪禮
01:49
a dead body is covered with fillers and cosmetics
37
94000
3000
大體會覆蓋填充物和化妝品
01:52
to make it look alive.
38
97000
2000
要讓大體看起來有生命
01:54
It's then pumped with toxic formaldehyde
39
99000
3000
而且會注射有毒的甲醛
01:57
to slow decomposition --
40
102000
2000
去延緩大體腐敗
01:59
a practice which causes respiratory problems and cancer
41
104000
3000
這種作法會造成葬儀社人員
02:02
in funeral personnel.
42
107000
3000
罹患呼吸道疾病及癌症
02:05
So by trying to preserve our dead bodies,
43
110000
3000
為了保存我們的大體
02:08
we deny death, poison the living
44
113000
3000
我們拒絕接受死亡，卻荼毒活著的人
02:11
and further harm the environment.
45
116000
2000
甚至傷害環境
02:13
Green or natural burials, which don't use embalming,
46
118000
3000
環保或自然的墓葬，則不做防腐工作
02:16
are a step in the right direction,
47
121000
2000
那是方向較正確的處理方式
02:18
but they don't address the existing toxins in our bodies.
48
123000
4000
但還是沒有解決我們身體裡存在的毒素
02:22
I think there's a better solution.
49
127000
2000
我認為有更好的解決之道
02:24
I'm an artist,
50
129000
2000
我是一位藝術家
02:26
so I'd like to offer a modest proposal
51
131000
2000
我想提供一個
02:28
at the intersection
52
133000
2000
介於藝術、科學和文化
02:30
of art, science and culture.
53
135000
2000
三者交會點間的婉轉建議
02:32
The Infinity Burial Project,
54
137000
2000
一個終極的喪禮計畫
02:34
an alternative burial system
55
139000
2000
一個替代性的殮葬方式
02:36
that uses mushrooms
56
141000
2000
也就是使用蘑菇
02:38
to decompose and clean toxins in bodies.
57
143000
2000
來分解和清理體內的毒素
02:40
The Infinity Burial Project
58
145000
2000
這個終極的喪禮計畫
02:42
began a few years ago with a fantasy
59
147000
2000
起因於幾年前的一個想法
02:44
to create the Infinity Mushroom --
60
149000
2000
想創造出一種終極蘑菇
02:46
a new hybrid mushroom
61
151000
2000
一種新型混種的蘑菇
02:48
that would decompose bodies, clean the toxins
62
153000
3000
可以分解身體、清理毒素
02:51
and deliver nutrients to plant roots,
63
156000
2000
然後將養分傳送到植物根部
02:53
leaving clean compost.
64
158000
2000
留下乾淨的堆肥
02:55
But I learned it's nearly impossible
65
160000
2000
但我發現幾乎不可能
02:57
to create a new hybrid mushroom.
66
162000
2000
創造出這種新型混種蘑菇
02:59
I also learned
67
164000
2000
我也學到
03:01
that some of our tastiest mushrooms
68
166000
2000
我們一些嘗起來美味的蘑菇
03:03
can clean environmental toxins in soil.
69
168000
2000
能夠清理土壤裡的環境毒素
03:05
So I thought maybe I could train an army
70
170000
3000
這讓我覺得也許我能培養一群
03:08
of toxin-cleaning edible mushrooms
71
173000
3000
可食用的清毒素的蘑菇
03:11
to eat my body.
72
176000
2000
來分解我的身體
03:13
So today, I'm collecting what I shed or slough off --
73
178000
3000
今天我收集了一些我掉落或脫落的
03:16
my hair, skin and nails --
74
181000
3000
頭髮、皮屑和指甲
03:19
and I'm feeding these to edible mushrooms.
75
184000
3000
然後施給這些可食用的蘑菇當作養分
03:22
As the mushrooms grow,
76
187000
2000
當這些蘑菇在成長時
03:24
I pick the best feeders
77
189000
2000
我選了長得最好的蘑菇
03:26
to become Infinity Mushrooms.
78
191000
2000
當作終極蘑菇
03:28
It's a kind of imprinting and selective breeding process
79
193000
3000
這很像為後世進行印痕作用
03:31
for the afterlife.
80
196000
2000
和選擇育種的過程
03:33
So when I die,
81
198000
2000
所以當我過世
03:35
the Infinity Mushrooms will recognize my body
82
200000
2000
這些終極蘑菇會認出我的大體
03:37
and be able to eat it.
83
202000
2000
然後能夠分解我的大體
03:39
All right, so for some of you,
84
204000
2000
好吧，對在座某些人來說
03:41
this may be really, really out there.
85
206000
2000
這也許真的會實現
03:43
(Laughter)
86
208000
2000
(笑聲)
03:45
Just a little.
87
210000
2000
有一點吧
03:47
I realize this is not the kind of relationship
88
212000
3000
我意識到這並非
03:50
that we usually aspire to have with our food.
89
215000
3000
我們對於食物的某種認知
03:53
We want to eat, not be eaten by, our food.
90
218000
3000
我們吃食物，但不是被食物吃
03:56
But as I watch the mushrooms grow
91
221000
2000
但當我看著這些蘑菇成長
03:58
and digest my body,
92
223000
2000
分解消化我部分的身體
04:00
I imagine the Infinity Mushroom
93
225000
2000
我想像這終極蘑菇
04:02
as a symbol of a new way of thinking about death
94
227000
3000
是一種新的象徵
04:05
and the relationship between my body and the environment.
95
230000
3000
象徵思考死亡以及我的身體和環境間的關係
04:08
See for me,
96
233000
2000
看看我
04:10
cultivating the Infinity Mushroom
97
235000
2000
培育終極蘑菇
04:12
is more than just scientific experimentation
98
237000
2000
並非只是科學實驗
04:14
or gardening or raising a pet,
99
239000
3000
或是園藝工作或養寵物
04:17
it's a step towards accepting the fact
100
242000
2000
這是一種接納的步驟
04:19
that someday I will die and decay.
101
244000
3000
接受有天我會死亡和腐敗的事實
04:22
It's also a step
102
247000
2000
這也一種步驟
04:24
towards taking responsibility
103
249000
2000
要承擔責任
04:26
for my own burden on the planet.
104
251000
3000
為這個地球承擔我自己帶來的負擔
04:29
Growing a mushroom is also part of a larger practice
105
254000
2000
培育蘑菇也是培育
04:31
of cultivating decomposing organisms
106
256000
2000
有生物分解力的有機體的大型實驗之一
04:33
called decompiculture,
107
258000
2000
這是一種生物分解藝術 (decompiculture)
04:35
a concept that was developed by an entomologist,
108
260000
3000
是由Timothy Myles一位昆蟲學家
04:38
Timothy Myles.
109
263000
2000
發展出的概念
04:40
The Infinity Mushroom is a subset of decompiculture
110
265000
3000
終極蘑菇是生物分解藝術下的分支
04:43
I'm calling body decompiculture and toxin remediation --
111
268000
4000
我把它稱為人體分解藝術和毒素清理
04:47
the cultivation of organisms that decompose
112
272000
2000
就是培養生物有機體來
04:49
and clean toxins in bodies.
113
274000
3000
分解和清理體內毒素
04:52
And now about these ninja pajamas.
114
277000
2000
現在回來談談這忍者裝睡衣
04:54
Once it's completed,
115
279000
2000
如果完成
04:56
I plan to integrate the Infinity Mushrooms into a number of objects.
116
281000
3000
我預計將終極蘑菇和各式的物品結合
04:59
First, a burial suit
117
284000
2000
首先，做成一件壽衣
05:01
infused with mushroom spores,
118
286000
2000
上頭布滿了蘑菇孢子
05:03
the Mushroom Death Suit.
119
288000
2000
一件蘑菇做的壽衣
05:05
(Laughter)
120
290000
2000
(笑聲)
05:07
I'm wearing the second prototype
121
292000
2000
我現在穿的是
05:09
of this burial suit.
122
294000
2000
第二款壽衣的雛形
05:11
It's covered with a crocheted netting
123
296000
3000
這是針織成的網
05:14
that is embedded with mushroom spores.
124
299000
2000
上頭也嵌入了蘑菇孢子
05:16
The dendritic pattern you see
125
301000
2000
各位看到的樹突狀圖案
05:18
mimics the growth of mushroom mycelia,
126
303000
3000
模仿了蘑菇菌絲生長
05:21
which are the equivalent of plant roots.
127
306000
2000
這和植物的根相當類似
05:23
I'm also making a decompiculture kit,
128
308000
2000
我也做出了生物分解藝術的套件
05:25
a cocktail of capsules
129
310000
2000
雞尾酒式的膠囊
05:27
that contain Infinity Mushroom spores
130
312000
2000
裡頭也有終極蘑菇的孢子
05:29
and other elements
131
314000
2000
還有其他元素
05:31
that speed decomposition and toxin remediation.
132
316000
3000
能夠加快生物分解和毒素清理
05:34
These capsules are embedded in a nutrient-rich jelly,
133
319000
3000
這些膠囊中含有一種營養豐富的果凍
05:37
a kind of second skin,
134
322000
2000
像是第二層皮膚
05:39
which dissolves quickly
135
324000
2000
可以溶解的很快
05:41
and becomes baby food for the growing mushrooms.
136
326000
3000
然後變成成長中蘑菇的嬰兒食品
05:44
So I plan to finish the mushroom and decompiculture kit
137
329000
3000
我預計要在明年或後年
05:47
in the next year or two,
138
332000
2000
完成培育蘑菇和生物分解藝術的套件
05:49
and then I'd like to begin testing them,
139
334000
3000
然後我想開始測試它們
05:52
first with expired meat from the market
140
337000
2000
會先拿超市裡過期的肉品測試
05:54
and then with human subjects.
141
339000
2000
然後才會人體測試
05:56
And believe it or not,
142
341000
2000
不管各位相信與否
05:58
a few people have offered to donate their bodies to the project
143
343000
3000
有少數人已經答應捐贈他們的大體參與這個計劃
06:01
to be eaten by mushrooms.
144
346000
3000
讓蘑菇分解他們的大體
06:04
(Laughter)
145
349000
3000
(笑聲)
06:07
What I've learned from talking to these folks
146
352000
2000
從談這些故事中，我學到的是
06:09
is that we share a common desire
147
354000
2000
我們有共同的慾望
06:11
to understand and accept death
148
356000
3000
想了解和接受死亡
06:14
and to minimize the impact of our death on the environment.
149
359000
3000
同時降低死亡對環境的影響
06:17
I wanted to cultivate this perspective
150
362000
3000
我想培養這個概念
06:20
just like the mushrooms,
151
365000
2000
就像培育蘑菇一樣
06:22
so I formed the Decompiculture Society,
152
367000
2000
所以我建構了一個生物分解藝術的社群
06:24
a group of people called decompinauts
153
369000
3000
一群叫做生物分解藝術人士(decompinauts)
06:27
who actively explore their postmortem options,
154
372000
3000
他們積極地探索身後事的選擇性
06:30
seek death acceptance
155
375000
2000
追求接納死亡
06:32
and cultivate decomposing organisms
156
377000
2000
也幫助培育生物分解有機體
06:34
like the Infinity Mushroom.
157
379000
3000
例如終極蘑菇
06:37
The Decompiculture Society shares a vision
158
382000
2000
生物分解藝術的社群分享了
06:39
of a cultural shift,
159
384000
2000
一種文化變遷的概念
06:41
from our current culture of death denial and body preservation
160
386000
3000
從我們當前拒絕接受死亡和遺體保存的文化
06:44
to one of decompiculture,
161
389000
2000
變成生物分解藝術
06:46
a radical acceptance of death and decomposition.
162
391000
4000
並且理性的接受死亡和遺體分解
06:50
Accepting death means accepting
163
395000
2000
接受死亡意味著
06:52
that we are physical beings
164
397000
2000
我們是自然的
06:54
who are intimately connected to the environment,
165
399000
2000
我們和環境緊密的結合
06:56
as the research on environmental toxins confirms.
166
401000
3000
就如同做環境研究時，那些毒素的存在一樣
06:59
And the saying goes,
167
404000
2000
老話一句
07:01
we came from dust and will return to dust.
168
406000
3000
我們本是塵土，仍要歸於塵土
07:04
And once we understand that we're connected to the environment,
169
409000
3000
只要我們了解我們和環境是相連的
07:07
we see that the survival of our species
170
412000
2000
我們的生存
07:09
depends on the survival of the planet.
171
414000
2000
仰賴地球的生存
07:11
I believe this is the beginning
172
416000
3000
我相信這會是
07:14
of true environmental responsibility.
173
419000
2000
真正環境責任承擔的開端
07:16
Thank you.
174
421000
2000
謝謝各位
07:18
(Applause)
175
423000
6000
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jae Rhim Lee - ArtistArtist and TED Fellow Jae Rhim Lee re-imagines the relationships between the body and the world.
Why you should listen
Jae Rhim Lee is a visual artist and mushroom lover. In her early work, as a grad student at MIT, she built systems that reworked basic human processes: sleeping (check out her it-just-might-work vertical bed from 2004), urinating and eating (and the relationship between the two). Now she's working on a compelling new plan for the final human process: decomposition.
Her Infinity Burial Project explores the choices we face after death, and how our choices reflect our denial or acceptance of death’s physical implications. She's been developing a new strain of fungus, the Infinity Mushroom, that feeds on and remediates the industrial toxins we store in our bodies and convert our unused bodies efficiently into nutrients. Her Infinity Burial System converts corpses into clean compost. And if this vision of life after death appeals to you, explore the resources at Lee's company, Coeio.
Jae Rhim Lee | Speaker | TED.com