Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty
玛丽安·怀特·埃德曼: 回顾为终结儿童贫困而奋斗的一生
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bioPat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio
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that "legend" business.
您不喜欢被称作“传奇”。
as founder and president.
创始人和主席,您一直很活跃。
and my mother raised us to serve,
养育我们,就是为了服侍,
external things or labels,
person in the world
大量不公正交织的年代,
of great needs and great injustices
去改变这种状况。
was molded by your parents.
about movement-building?
各种运动方面,父母教会了你什么?
我的父母很了不起。
I was so lucky.
最棒的活动组织者。
organizer I ever knew.
even back then, on having her own dime.
so that she could have her penny,
自然而然地传给了我。
has certainly been passed on to me.
他俩简直是天作之合。
and they were real partners.
and there are three boys in between.
和哥哥们一样聪明。
as smart as my brothers.
high aspirations that they had.
we were terribly blessed,
南卡罗来纳州小镇上长大——
small town in South Carolina --
I was four years old,
being put into slots.
别人游戏的筹码呢。
had the sense that it was not us,
在长大后去改变世界,
to grow up to change it,
they were the best role models,
父母是我最好的楷模,
如果你看到了他人的需求,
in our hometown.
now, 50 years later, as Alzheimer's,
才为人所知的阿尔兹海默症,
he needed a place to go,
打扫并照顾老人。
that it was our obligation
是我们的责任。
who couldn't take care of themselves.
也有我们未成年时母亲领养的。
and she took them in before we left home.
you try to fulfill it.
需要你时,你只管努力提供帮助。
a full employment economy.
or a real purpose in life.
或缺少生命的真正目标。
Defense Fund works on today
in a very personal way.
有着千丝万缕的联系。
who lived three doors down from me,
和祖母住在一起的
he lived with his grandmother,
但打不起破伤风疫苗,
no tetanus shots, he died.
发生的一起车祸,
two white truck drivers
that happened to be black.
and the ambulance came,
truck drivers were not injured,
was one of the first things
我要做的头几件事之一,
对那些可预防的疾病免疫。
immunized against preventable diseases.
东西都是白人学校用过的。
read every night with him.
夹在一本《生活》杂志里,
inside a "Life Magazine"
《真实的忏悔》了。
而不会去买第二双鞋,
before we had a second pair of shoes,
books for the black schools
was the window to the outside world,
是通往外面世界的窗口,
巨大财富就是读书。
runs a full employment economy,
上帝让人人都有事做,
I was four or five.
有“白人”和“黑人”标识,
and "black" water signs,
and didn't pay much attention to that,
一位老师在一起。
of my Sunday school teachers.
我并不知道怎么了,
and I didn't know what had happened,
白人要用不同水龙头喝水。
about black and white water.
就算知道,我也会那么做。
wounded psyche to my parents,
受伤的心灵回到父母身旁,
问道,“我哪里错了呀?”
and said, "What's wrong with me?"
"It wasn't much wrong with you.
and switch water signs
有点像一个叛逆者的传奇,
that this legend is a bit of a rebel,
and with the Civil Rights Movement,
并参与人权运动,
on the original Poor People's Campaign.
早期的“穷人运动”。
this decision, 45 years ago,
campaign for children.
儿童的特别服务?
particular service, to children?
that I saw in Mississippi
bellies in this country
频临饿死的孩子,
who were starving,
我都对他们说,
that would come to Mississippi,
didn't want to do anything about it.
大部分人都无动于衷。
during voter registration efforts --
to help black citizens register to vote --
帮黑人公民登记投票——
so they were trying to starve them out.
全赶走,想饿死他们。
from free food commodities
in America wanted to believe
in America without any income.
没有任何收入的人,
thousands of them.
was becoming a big problem.
came Dr. King down
to get the Head Start program --
of Mississippi turned down --
was running without any help,
for eight or 10 children,
切瓣分给8到10个孩子,
because he was in tears.
因为他已泪流满面。
decided he would come --
about the Head Start program,
come and see yourself,
and see starving children.
和快要饿死的孩子。
还把媒体带来了,
all the poor people to go north
he'll win one of these days.
但他总有一天会赢的。
such grinding poverty,
如此这般的赤贫。
来帮助黑人登记投票的
who'd come in to help register voters
三个年轻白人因此被杀。
where we lost those three young men.
to push the poor out.
我们就再去申请实施。
because the state turned it down.
that don't take Medicaid these days.
美国医疗补助计划一样。
Head Start program in the nation,
长得跟自己一样的孩子,
who looked like them in it,
gave birth to the Children's Defense Fund
the Poor People's Campaign.
that whatever you called
a shrinking constituency.
或两岁的小孩生气?
or at a two-year-old toddler?
neither, from what we've seen.
coordinator for policy
人参与进来,并贯彻到底。
who are scut workers and follow up.
and a persistent person.
而且是持之以恒的人。
on food stamps today
in the mud in Resurrection City.
泥泞中示威游行的穷人。
并且这些细致的工作会持续下去。
detailed work -- and never going away.
out of the Children's Defense Fund?
你最引以为傲的是什么?
have sort of become a mainstream issue.
已成为主流议题了。
are getting a head start.
are getting Head Start
Insurance Program, CHIP,
the child welfare system for decades.
致力于儿童福利系统改革,
breakthrough this year,
when somebody's ready to move,
只等时机成熟就立刻提交,
10 years, 20 years, but you're there.
但你要坚持,等待时机来临。
out of foster care and out of institutions
被寄养和送到福利机构,
with preventive services.
前提下,让孩子和家人同住。
of children who have hope,
in the richest nation on earth.
国家不再有儿童贫困为止。
实在是太可笑了。
that we have to be demanding that.
in spite of the successes,
但依然有许多问题,
解决部分问题——
some of them, Marian --
Children's Defense Fund programs.
and in other countries,
还有其他的国家里,
we adults in power have been
传递给后代这件事上,
the "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
(包含关于“末日时钟”的内容)
two minutes from midnight,
and safety at risk
too much governed by violence.
investing in the young and in peace,
转而投资年轻一代和世界和平,
from doing that.
these battles all over again,
that we as adults have to do
那些人的牺牲和奉献,
the sacrifices of Mrs. Hamer
to give us a better life.
has got to come to grips
in its children,
of this nation.
economies in the world
go live in poverty,
这个国家人民的意义,
who we are as a people,
to end poverty in the world.
我们要终结世上的贫困。
rather than to babies
而且那不符合成本效益。
and it's not cost-effective.
to be an educated child population,
才是这个国家富强的关键,
at the most basic levels.
about anybody having one billion,
what does it mean to live
to make things better
about climate change
I constantly cite --
公报的末日时钟显示:
of Atomic Scientists" every year.
"Two minutes to midnight."
to our children?
更好的世界交给后代吗?
to leave a better world for everybody,
把一个更好的世界
no hungry children in this world
role models in the world.
上帝让人人有事做,
runs a full employment economy,
because my mother was a true partner.
因为我母亲是位真正的伙伴。
至少和哥哥们一样聪明。
as smart as my brothers, at least.
just to be about ourselves,
我们不只关心自己,
on behalf of all the world's children,
我想代表全世界的孩子,
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocateMarian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.
Why you should listen
Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."
Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.
Why you should listen
Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.
As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.
In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com