TEDxMileHigh
Christoph Keplinger: The artificial muscles that will power robots of the future
克里斯托弗·凯普林格: 驱动未来机器人的人工肌肉
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机器人大脑越来越聪明，但它们的身体却依然笨重而僵硬。机械工程师克里斯托弗·凯普林格受到生物肌肉这种进化中杰作的启发，正在开发一种新的柔性机器人。在这个视频中，你将看到“人工肌肉”像真的肌肉一样延展、收缩，它们活动的速度甚至能达到超人的水平——并且你还能了解这些人工肌肉是如何驱动义肢，使得义肢比人们的四肢更加强壮、效率更高。
Christoph Keplinger - Roboticist, mechanical engineer
Christoph Keplinger aims to fundamentally challenge current limitations of robotic hardware, combining soft matter physics and chemistry with advanced engineering technologies to create a new generation of lifelike robots. Full bio
Christoph Keplinger aims to fundamentally challenge current limitations of robotic hardware, combining soft matter physics and chemistry with advanced engineering technologies to create a new generation of lifelike robots. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
In 2015, 25 teams from around the world
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2015年，全球25个团队
参加了建造灾难应对机器人的比赛，
00:17
competed to build robots
for disaster response
for disaster response
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这些机器人需要完成一系列的任务，
00:19
that could perform a number of tasks,
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00:21
such as using a power tool,
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包括使用电动工具，
在崎岖的地形上工作
00:23
working on uneven terrain
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以及驾驶汽车。
00:25
and driving a car.
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00:27
That all sounds impressive, and it is,
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这些任务听上去让人佩服，
事实也是如此，
事实也是如此，
00:30
but look at the body
of the winning robot, HUBO.
of the winning robot, HUBO.
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但让我们看一下冠军获得者
优博（HUBO）的样子。
优博（HUBO）的样子。
00:34
Here, HUBO is trying to get out of a car,
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这是优博试图下车的样子，
我希望你们知道，
00:36
and keep in mind,
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这段视频是以3倍速播放的。
00:38
the video is sped up three times.
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（笑声）
00:40
(Laughter)
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00:44
HUBO, from team KAIST out of Korea,
is a state-of-the-art robot
is a state-of-the-art robot
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优博来自韩国科学技术院（KAIST ），
是目前最先进的机器人。
是目前最先进的机器人。
它的能力令人赞叹，
00:47
with impressive capabilities,
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但它的样子
00:49
but this body doesn't look
all that different
all that different
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与几十年前的机器人并没什么两样。
00:51
from robots we've seen a few decades ago.
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如果你见到比赛中其他机器人的样子，
00:54
If you look at the other robots
in the competition,
in the competition,
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00:58
their movements also still look,
well, very robotic.
well, very robotic.
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它们的动作看起来也非常机械呆板。
它们的身体完全由机械材料构成，
01:01
Their bodies are complex
mechanical structures
mechanical structures
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使用的都是坚硬的材料，
01:03
using rigid materials
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比如金属质地的
一如既往坚硬的电动马达。
一如既往坚硬的电动马达。
01:05
such as metal and traditional
rigid electric motors.
rigid electric motors.
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显然设计者并没有把他们打造成
01:08
They certainly weren't designed
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01:10
to be low-cost, safe near people
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低价、安全，可以在人类身边工作
并且能够适应突发危机的样子。
01:13
and adaptable to unpredictable challenges.
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01:16
We've made good progress
with the brains of robots,
with the brains of robots,
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我们在机器人大脑的研发上成果颇丰，
然而它们的外形却依然没有进步。
01:19
but their bodies are still primitive.
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01:22
This is my daughter Nadia.
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这是我的女儿纳蒂亚。
她才5岁，
01:24
She's only five years old
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但她下车的速度都比优博快。
01:26
and she can get out of the car
way faster than HUBO.
way faster than HUBO.
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（笑声）
01:28
(Laughter)
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她也可以轻松地通过这些攀登架，
01:30
She can also swing around
on monkey bars with ease,
on monkey bars with ease,
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远比任何人形机器人做得都好。
01:33
much better than any current
human-like robot could do.
human-like robot could do.
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与机器人优博所不同的是，
01:36
In contrast to HUBO,
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人体内有许多柔软、可以变形的组织，
01:37
the human body makes extensive use
of soft and deformable materials
of soft and deformable materials
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比如肌肉和皮肤。
01:41
such as muscle and skin.
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我们需要创造一种新的机器人形态。
01:43
We need a new generation of robot bodies
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这种形态应该优雅而高效，
01:45
that is inspired by the elegance,
efficiency and by the soft materials
efficiency and by the soft materials
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并运用一些天然的柔软材料。
01:49
of the designs found in nature.
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01:52
And indeed, this has become
the key idea of a new field of research
the key idea of a new field of research
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事实上，这已经成为了
一个新的研究领域重点，
一个新的研究领域重点，
叫做柔性机器人。
01:56
called soft robotics.
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受肌肉和皮肤的灵感启发，
我的研究小组
我的研究小组
01:58
My research group
and collaborators around the world
and collaborators around the world
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和全世界合作者使用柔性材料
02:01
are using soft components
inspired by muscle and skin
inspired by muscle and skin
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建造敏捷灵巧的机器人，
02:05
to build robots with agility and dexterity
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让它们能够
02:07
that comes closer and closer
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越来越接近自然的生物。
02:09
to the astonishing capabilities
of the organisms found in nature.
of the organisms found in nature.
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02:14
I've always been particularly inspired
by biological muscle.
by biological muscle.
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我一直深受生物肌肉的启发。
这没有什么稀奇。
02:18
Now, that's not surprising.
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我也是澳大利亚人，我知道我的口音
听起来像《终结者》里施瓦辛格。
听起来像《终结者》里施瓦辛格。
02:20
I'm also Austrian, and I know that I sound
a bit like Arnie, the Terminator.
a bit like Arnie, the Terminator.
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（笑声）
02:23
(Laughter)
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生物肌肉是进化过程中的杰作。
02:27
Biological muscle
is a true masterpiece of evolution.
is a true masterpiece of evolution.
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它可以在受损之后自愈，
02:30
It can heal after damage
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并且与感觉神经元紧密联结，
02:31
and it's tightly integrated
with sensory neurons
with sensory neurons
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可以感受到运动以及外部环境。
02:34
for feedback on motion
and the environment.
and the environment.
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02:37
It can contract fast enough
to power the high-speed wings
to power the high-speed wings
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它还能高速收缩，
让蜂鸟能够快速挥舞翅膀，
02:40
of a hummingbird;
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甚至可以强壮到支撑大象移动；
02:41
it can grow strong enough
to move an elephant;
to move an elephant;
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同时它又是如此柔韧，
02:44
and it's adaptable enough
to be used in the extremely versatile arms
to be used in the extremely versatile arms
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可以让章鱼的触手变得非常灵活，
02:47
of an octopus,
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02:48
an animal that can squeeze
its entire body through tiny holes.
its entire body through tiny holes.
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这种生物甚至能够钻进一个小洞。
02:53
Actuators are for robots
what muscles are for animals:
what muscles are for animals:
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驱动器之于机器人
就如同肌肉之于动物：
就如同肌肉之于动物：
它们都是身体构造的关键，
02:57
key components of the body
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有了它们，机器人和动物
才能动起来，与世界互动。
才能动起来，与世界互动。
02:59
that enable movement
and interaction with the world.
and interaction with the world.
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03:02
So if we could build soft actuators,
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所以，如果我们能做出柔性驱动器，
或者说人工肌肉，
03:05
or artificial muscles,
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多功能的、适应能力强的，
03:06
that are as versatile, adaptable
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可以与真正的肌肉想媲美的那种，
03:08
and could have the same performance
as the real thing,
as the real thing,
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我们就能做出用于任何场合的
03:10
we could build almost any type of robot
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任何类型的机器人。
03:12
for almost any type of use.
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03:15
Not surprisingly,
people have tried for many decades
people have tried for many decades
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人们已经努力了数十年
尝试复制肌肉那惊艳的能力，
03:18
to replicate the astonishing
capabilities of muscle,
capabilities of muscle,
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但不出所料，这非常困难。
03:21
but it's been really hard.
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03:24
About 10 years ago,
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大约在10年前，
我还在澳大利亚攻读博士学位时，
03:26
when I did my PhD back in Austria,
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我和我的同事重新发现了
03:28
my colleagues and I rediscovered
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可能是最早研究人工肌肉的论文之一，
03:30
what is likely one of the very first
publications on artificial muscle,
publications on artificial muscle,
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03:35
published in 1880.
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它发表于1880年。
“电流对介质形状和体积
03:37
"On the shape and volume changes
of dielectric bodies
of dielectric bodies
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变化的影响。”
03:40
caused by electricity,"
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作者是德国物理学家威廉·伦琴。
03:41
published by German physicist
Wilhelm Röntgen.
Wilhelm Röntgen.
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他因发现X射线而被大众熟知。
03:44
Most of you know him
as the discoverer of the X-ray.
as the discoverer of the X-ray.
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03:49
Following his instructions,
we used a pair of needles.
we used a pair of needles.
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根据他的指引，我们用了一对金属针，
通上高压电，
03:51
We connected it to a high-voltage source,
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03:53
and we placed it near
a transparent piece of rubber
a transparent piece of rubber
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然后把它们靠近在塑料支架上的
03:56
that was prestretched
onto a plastic frame.
onto a plastic frame.
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一块已经被拉伸的透明橡胶。
03:59
When we switched on the voltage,
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当我们改变电压时，
橡胶的形状就改变了，
04:01
the rubber deformed,
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就如同我们手臂的肱二头肌屈伸那样，
04:02
and just like our biceps flexes our arm,
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橡胶拉动了塑料支架。
04:05
the rubber flexed the plastic frame.
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就如同魔法一般。
04:08
It looks like magic.
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金属针甚至没有碰到橡胶。
04:09
The needles don't even touch the rubber.
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实际上，使用两根针
04:11
Now, having two such needles
is not a practical way
is not a practical way
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并非操纵人工肌肉的最佳方法，
04:14
of operating artificial muscles,
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但这次神奇的实验
让我迷上了这个课题。
让我迷上了这个课题。
04:16
but this amazing experiment
got me hooked on the topic.
got me hooked on the topic.
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我想创造出一种
新的方式来建造人工肌肉，
新的方式来建造人工肌肉，
04:19
I wanted to create new ways
to build artificial muscles
to build artificial muscles
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可以把它运用在现实生活中。
04:22
that would work well
for real-world applications.
for real-world applications.
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在接下来的几年中，
我研究了许多都很有潜力的
我研究了许多都很有潜力的
04:25
For the next years, I worked
on a number of different technologies
on a number of different technologies
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高科技设备，
04:29
that all showed promise,
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但同时又有许多障碍，难以攻克。
04:30
but they all had remaining challenges
that are hard to overcome.
that are hard to overcome.
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04:34
In 2015,
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在2015年，
当我开始在科罗拉多大学博尔德分校
建立自己的实验室时，
建立自己的实验室时，
04:36
when I started my own lab at CU Boulder,
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我想试验一个全新的思路。
04:38
I wanted to try an entirely new idea.
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我想把高速而高效的
04:41
I wanted to combine
the high speed and efficiency
the high speed and efficiency
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电动驱动器
04:44
of electrically driven actuators
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与多功能的柔性驱动器相结合。
04:46
with the versatility
of soft, fluidic actuators.
of soft, fluidic actuators.
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04:49
Therefore, I thought,
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通过这种方式，
或许我可以让科学老树发新芽。
04:50
maybe I can try using
really old science in a new way.
really old science in a new way.
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现在你所看到的这张示意图
04:54
The diagram you see here
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介绍的是麦克斯韦应力张量。
04:55
shows an effect called Maxwell stress.
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当你拿两个金属板
04:58
When you take two metal plates
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把它们放在一个充满油的容器中，
05:00
and place them in a container
filled with oil,
filled with oil,
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然后通上电，
05:02
and then switch on a voltage,
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麦克斯韦应力就会迫使油
聚集上升到两个板之间，
聚集上升到两个板之间，
05:03
the Maxwell stress forces the oil
up in between the two plates,
up in between the two plates,
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这张图所表现的就是这个意思。
05:07
and that's what you see here.
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所以最重要的问题在于，
05:09
So the key idea was,
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我们是否能够运用这个原理
05:10
can we use this effect to push around oil
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让在柔性弹性组织中的油活动起来呢？
05:13
contained in soft stretchy structures?
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05:16
And indeed, this worked surprisingly well,
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结果，这个想法非常成功，
说实话，远超我的预期。
05:18
quite honestly,
much better than I expected.
much better than I expected.
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我和我出色的学生团队一起，
05:21
Together with my
outstanding team of students,
outstanding team of students,
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05:23
we used this idea as a starting point
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从这个想法出发，
发明了一个新的科技：
哈塞尔（HASEL）人工肌肉。
哈塞尔（HASEL）人工肌肉。
05:25
to develop a new technology
called HASEL artificial muscles.
called HASEL artificial muscles.
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哈塞尔足够柔软，能拿起一颗草莓
05:29
HASELs are gentle enough
to pick up a raspberry
to pick up a raspberry
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而不损坏它。
05:33
without damaging it.
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05:36
They can expand and contract
like real muscle.
like real muscle.
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它也能像真的肌肉那样延展和收缩。
05:41
And they can be operated
faster than the real thing.
faster than the real thing.
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而且它的活动速度比真肌肉还快。
05:44
They can also be scaled up
to deliver large forces.
to deliver large forces.
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它可以变大，提供更大的力量。
现在你看到的是它在举起一加仑的水。
05:47
Here you see them lifting
a gallon filled with water.
a gallon filled with water.
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05:51
They can be used to drive a robotic arm,
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它可以用来驱动机器人手臂，
可以感知自己的状态。
05:52
and they can even
self-sense their position.
self-sense their position.
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05:57
HASELs can be used
for very precise movement,
for very precise movement,
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哈塞尔不仅可以进行精准移动，
06:01
but they can also deliver
very fluidic, muscle-like movement
very fluidic, muscle-like movement
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也可以做出流畅，
如同真肌肉一般的行动，
如同真肌肉一般的行动，
还可以突然爆发力，把球仍到空中。
06:04
and bursts of power
to shoot up a ball into the air.
to shoot up a ball into the air.
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06:09
When submerged in oil,
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当哈塞尔浸在油里的时候，
06:12
HASEL artificial muscles
can be made invisible.
can be made invisible.
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它甚至可以隐形。
06:19
So how do HASEL artificial muscles work?
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那么，哈塞尔人工肌肉
究竟是如何工作的呢？
究竟是如何工作的呢？
06:22
You might be surprised.
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你可能会好奇。
它是由非常廉价、常见的材料做成的。
06:24
They're based on very inexpensive,
easily available materials.
easily available materials.
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我建议，你甚至可以
06:27
You can even try, and I recommend it,
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在家尝试这个原理。
06:29
the main principle at home.
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06:31
Take a few Ziploc bags
and fill them with olive oil.
and fill them with olive oil.
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拿几个保鲜袋，装满橄榄油。
试着把所有的空气炮挤出袋子。
06:34
Try to push out air bubbles
as much as you can.
as much as you can.
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06:37
Now take a glass plate
and place it on one side of the bag.
and place it on one side of the bag.
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现在拿一个玻璃板，
把它放在袋子的一边。
把它放在袋子的一边。
当你开始挤压的时候，
你会发现袋子开始收缩。
你会发现袋子开始收缩。
06:40
When you press down,
you see the bag contract.
you see the bag contract.
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06:43
Now the amount of contraction
is easy to control.
is easy to control.
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收缩的量很容易控制。
06:47
When you take a small weight,
you get a small contraction.
you get a small contraction.
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如果施加的力较小，收缩就较小。
如果施加的力中等，收缩就中等。
06:50
With a medium weight,
we get a medium contraction.
we get a medium contraction.
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06:54
And with a large weight,
you get a large contraction.
you get a large contraction.
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如果施加的较大，收缩就较大。
对于哈塞尔而言，变量就是你施加的力
06:57
Now for HASELs, the only change
is to replace the force of your hand
is to replace the force of your hand
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或者是电流施加的力。
07:00
or the weight with an electrical force.
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哈塞尔的意思是
“液体增强自愈式静电驱动器”。
“液体增强自愈式静电驱动器”。
07:03
HASEL stands for "hydraulically amplified
self-healing electrostatic actuators."
self-healing electrostatic actuators."
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现在你看到的是一个叫做
皮亚诺·哈塞尔的驱动器，
皮亚诺·哈塞尔的驱动器，
07:08
Here you see a geometry
called Peano-HASEL actuators,
called Peano-HASEL actuators,
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是我的设计之一。
07:12
one of many possible designs.
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07:15
Again, you take a flexible polymer
such as our Ziploc bag,
such as our Ziploc bag,
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现在你再拿一个柔韧的
有机聚合物，比如说保鲜袋，
有机聚合物，比如说保鲜袋，
在里面倒满绝缘液体，比如说橄榄油，
07:18
you fill it with an insulating liquid,
such as olive oil,
such as olive oil,
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然后把导电体而不是玻璃板，
07:21
and now, instead of the glass plate,
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放在袋子的一边。
07:23
you place an electrical conductor
on one side of the pouch.
on one side of the pouch.
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07:26
To create something
that looks more like a muscle fiber,
that looks more like a muscle fiber,
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为了让它看起来更像肌肉纤维，
你可以把几个袋子放在一起
07:29
you can connect a few pouches together
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然后在一边施加一个力。
07:31
and attached a weight on one side.
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然后我们通上电流。
07:33
Next, we apply voltage.
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07:36
Now, the electric field
starts acting on the liquid.
starts acting on the liquid.
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现在电场开始作用于流体。
它迫使流体移动，
07:39
It displaces the liquid,
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也意味着它迫使肌肉收缩。
07:41
and it forces the muscle to contract.
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07:44
Here you see a completed
Peano-HASEL actuator
Peano-HASEL actuator
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现在你看到的是一个完整的
皮亚诺·哈塞尔驱动器
皮亚诺·哈塞尔驱动器
是如何在电流下延展和收缩的。
07:47
and how it expands and contracts
when voltage is applied.
when voltage is applied.
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从边上看，
07:51
Viewed from the side,
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你可以看到这些袋子是圆柱形的，
07:52
you can really see those pouches
take a more cylindrical shape,
take a more cylindrical shape,
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就像是保鲜袋。
07:55
such as we saw with the Ziploc bags.
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07:58
We can also place a few
such muscle fibers next to each other
such muscle fibers next to each other
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我们也可以把几个这样的
肌肉组织联系在一起
肌肉组织联系在一起
让它们看起来更像真肌肉，
08:01
to create something that looks
even more like a muscle
even more like a muscle
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当然它们在横截面
同样会延展和收缩。
同样会延展和收缩。
08:04
that also contracts and expands
in cross section.
in cross section.
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这些哈塞尔肌肉可以举起
08:06
These HASELs here are lifting a weight
that's about 200 times heavier
that's about 200 times heavier
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相当于它们自身重量200倍的重量。
08:10
than their own weight.
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08:12
Here you see one of our newest designs,
called quadrant donut HASELs
called quadrant donut HASELs
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现在你看到的是我们最新的
发明：象限圈式哈塞尔
发明：象限圈式哈塞尔
以及它们延展和收缩的动作。
08:16
and how they expand and contract.
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它们行动的速度非常快，远超人类。
08:17
They can be operated incredibly fast,
reaching superhuman speeds.
reaching superhuman speeds.
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08:23
They are even powerful enough
to jump off the ground.
to jump off the ground.
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它们力量之大，甚至可以从地上跳起来。
（笑声）
08:26
(Laughter)
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08:28
Overall, HASELs show promise
to become the first technology
to become the first technology
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总而言之，哈塞尔让我们看到了未来，
它能和生物肌肉媲美，
甚至可以超过生物肌肉，
甚至可以超过生物肌肉，
08:32
that matches or exceeds the performance
of biological muscle
of biological muscle
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同时又可以运用于大型机械操作中。
08:36
while being compatible
with large-scale manufacturing.
with large-scale manufacturing.
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这项科技还非常年轻，
我们才刚刚开始研究。
我们才刚刚开始研究。
08:39
This is also a very young technology.
We are just getting started.
We are just getting started.
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我们在改进这项技术上还有很多想法，
08:42
We have many ideas how to
drastically improve performance,
drastically improve performance,
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运比如用新材料和新设计，
让它表现更好，
让它表现更好，
08:45
using new materials and new designs
to reach a level of performance
to reach a level of performance
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超越生物肌肉，当然也超越
传统硬性的电动马达。
传统硬性的电动马达。
08:49
beyond biological muscle and also beyond
traditional rigid electric motors.
traditional rigid electric motors.
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08:54
Moving towards more complex designs
of HASEL for bio-inspired robotics,
of HASEL for bio-inspired robotics,
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在仿生机器人中运用更加
复杂的哈塞尔设计，
复杂的哈塞尔设计，
现在你看到的是一只人工蝎子，
08:57
here you see our artificial scorpion
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它可以操纵自己的尾巴来刺杀猎物，
08:59
that can use its tail to hunt prey,
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在这里，是橡胶气球。
09:01
in this case, a rubber balloon.
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（笑声）
09:02
(Laughter)
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回到我们最初的灵感中，
09:04
Going back to our initial inspiration,
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章鱼灵活的触手以及象鼻，
09:06
the versatility of octopus arms
and elephant trunks,
and elephant trunks,
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我们现在可以建造柔性连续驱动器，
09:09
we are now able to build
soft continuum actuators
soft continuum actuators
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它们越来越接近真的肌肉了。
09:12
that come closer and closer
to the capabilities of the real thing.
to the capabilities of the real thing.
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09:17
I am most excited
about the practical applications
about the practical applications
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我对哈塞尔人工肌肉的实际应用
充满期待。
09:20
of HASEL artificial muscles.
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它们能够让柔性机械设备成为现实，
09:22
They'll enable soft robotic devices
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同时提升你的生活质量。
09:25
that can improve the quality of life.
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柔性机械将为更加逼真的
义肢开创一个新时代，
义肢开创一个新时代，
09:27
Soft robotics will enable a new generation
of more lifelike prosthetics
of more lifelike prosthetics
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造福那些失去一部分躯干的残疾人。
09:31
for people who have lost
parts of their bodies.
parts of their bodies.
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现在你看到的是我实验室中的
一些哈塞尔样品，
一些哈塞尔样品，
09:33
Here you see some HASELs in my lab,
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这是早期实验，它们正在驱动手指假体。
09:35
early testing,
driving a prosthetic finger.
driving a prosthetic finger.
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09:39
One day, we may even merge
our bodies with robotic parts.
our bodies with robotic parts.
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某天，我们或许就会在身体的
某些部位运用机械设备。
某些部位运用机械设备。
09:45
I know that sounds very scary at first.
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我知道一开始这听起来非常吓人。
09:48
But when I think about my grandparents
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但我想到了我的祖父母，
他们有时不得不依靠他人的帮助，
09:50
and the way they become
more dependent on others
more dependent on others
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才能完成简单的日常任务，
例如独自上厕所。
例如独自上厕所。
09:53
to perform simple everyday tasks
such as using the restroom alone,
such as using the restroom alone,
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他们经常会觉得自己已经
变成了他人的负担。
变成了他人的负担。
09:57
they often feel like
they're becoming a burden.
they're becoming a burden.
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10:00
With soft robotics, we will be able
to enhance and restore
to enhance and restore
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有了柔性机器人，我们就能加强和恢复
敏捷性和灵巧性，
10:04
agility and dexterity,
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10:05
and thereby help older people
maintain autonomy
maintain autonomy
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因此能帮助老年人
延长他们在生活中自主活动的时间。
10:08
for longer parts of their lives.
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也许我们可以把这个项目
叫做“延缓衰老的机器人”
叫做“延缓衰老的机器人”
10:11
Maybe we can call that
"robotics for antiaging"
"robotics for antiaging"
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10:15
or even a next stage of human evolution.
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或者人类进化的新阶段。
10:19
Unlike their traditional
rigid counterparts,
rigid counterparts,
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和传统硬性的机器人不同的是，
柔性仿生机器人在人旁或
家中工作时更加安全。
家中工作时更加安全。
10:21
soft life-like robots will safely operate
near people and help us at home.
near people and help us at home.
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10:27
Soft robotics is a very young field.
We're just getting started.
We're just getting started.
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柔性机器人还是个非常年轻的
领域，我们才刚刚开始。
领域，我们才刚刚开始。
10:31
I hope that many young people
from many different backgrounds
from many different backgrounds
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我希望更多来自不同背景的年轻人
能够加入我们，
10:34
join us on this exciting journey
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通过引入更多的仿生技术
10:36
and help shape the future of robotics
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帮助我们描绘机器人的未来。
10:38
by introducing new concepts
inspired by nature.
inspired by nature.
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10:42
If we do this right,
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如果我们表现出色，
就能提高我们所有人的
10:44
we can improve the quality of life
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生活质量。
10:46
for all of us.
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谢谢。
10:47
Thank you.
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（掌声）
10:48
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christoph Keplinger - Roboticist, mechanical engineerChristoph Keplinger aims to fundamentally challenge current limitations of robotic hardware, combining soft matter physics and chemistry with advanced engineering technologies to create a new generation of lifelike robots.
Why you should listen
Robots today rely on rigid components and electric motors that use metal and magnets, making them heavy, unsafe near humans, expensive and ill-suited for unpredictable environments. Nature, in contrast, makes extensive use of soft materials such as muscles and skin and has produced organisms that drastically outperform robots in terms of agility, dexterity and adaptability. Christoph Keplinger aims to fundamentally challenge current limitations of robotic hardware, using an interdisciplinary approach that synergizes concepts from soft matter physics and chemistry with advanced engineering technologies to introduce intelligent materials systems for a new generation of life-like robots.
A major theme of Keplinger's research is the development of new classes of actuators -- a key component of all robotic systems -- that replicate the sweeping success of biological muscle, a masterpiece of evolution. He is the principal inventor of HASEL artificial muscles, a new class of high-performance muscle-mimetic actuators for use in next-generation robots that replicate the vast capabilities of biological systems. In 2018 he cofounded Artimus Robotics to commercialize the technology.
Originally from Austria, Keplinger studied physics at the Johannes Kepler University Linz before moving to the US to research mechanics and chemistry at Harvard. He is an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and a fellow of the Materials Science and Engineering Program at the University of Colorado Boulder, where he leads a highly interdisciplinary research group that works on soft robotics, energy harvesting and functional polymers. His work has been published in Science Magazine, among others, and highlighted in popular outlets such as National Geographic. Keplinger he has received prestigious awards including a 2017 Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering.
Christoph Keplinger | Speaker | TED.com