ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, Artist
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system.

Why you should listen

"Let there be perception," was evolution's proclamation, and so it was that all creatures, from honeybees to humans, came to see the world not as it is, but as was most useful. This uncomfortable place--where what an organism's brain sees diverges from what is actually out there--is what Beau Lotto and his team at Lottolab are exploring through their dazzling art-sci experiments and public illusions. Their Bee Matrix installation, for example, places a live bee in a transparent enclosure where gallerygoers may watch it seek nectar in a virtual meadow of luminous Plexiglas flowers. (Bees, Lotto will tell you, see colors much like we humans do.) The data captured isn't just discarded, either: it's put to good use in probing scientific papers, and sometimes in more exhibits.

At their home in London’s Science Museum, the lab holds "synesthetic workshops" where kids and adults make abstract paintings that computers interpret into music, and they host regular Lates--evenings of science, music and "mass experiments." Lotto is passionate about involving people from all walks of life in research on perception--both as subjects and as fellow researchers. One such program, called "i,scientist," in fact led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," December 2010). It starts, "Once upon a time ..."

These and Lotto's other conjurings are slowly, charmingly bending the science of perception--and our perceptions of what science can be.

More profile about the speaker
Beau Lotto | Speaker | TED.com
Cirque du Soleil - Circus arts entertainers
Based in Montreal, the Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group is a world leader in live entertainment.

Why you should listen

On top of producing world-renowned circus arts shows, the Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group brings its creative approach to a large variety of entertainment forms, such as multimedia productions, immersive experiences, theme parks and special events. It currently has 4,500 employees from nearly 70 countries. Going beyond its various creations, the organization aims to make a positive impact on people, communities and the planet with its most important tools: creativity and art.

More profile about the speaker
Cirque du Soleil | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Beau Lotto and Cirque du Soleil: How we experience awe -- and why it matters

畢爾‧洛托與太陽馬戲團: 我們如何體驗「驚嘆」,以及其重要性

Filmed:
281,361 views

神經科學家畢爾‧洛托和太陽馬戲團合作進行了一項很有野心的研究,主題是驚嘆的情緒以及它對心理和行為帶來的益處。在這場演說及現場表演中,他分享了該研究的其中一些發現,並讓太陽馬戲團的舞者創造令人讚嘆的奇觀。
- Neuroscientist, Artist
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system. Full bio - Circus arts entertainers
Based in Montreal, the Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group is a world leader in live entertainment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
Before I get started開始:
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在我開始之前:我真的
很興奮能來這裡,
00:15
I'm really excited興奮 to be here
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00:16
to just actually其實 watch
what's going to happen發生, from here.
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從這裡看著會發生什麼事。
00:19
So with that said,
we're going to start開始 with:
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說到這裡,
我們一開始要談的是:
我們最大的需求之一是什麼?
00:25
What is one of our greatest最大 needs需求,
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00:28
one of our greatest最大 needs需求 for our brain?
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我們大腦最大的需求之一?
00:30
And instead代替 of telling告訴 you,
I want to show顯示 you.
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我不想用說的,要用呈現的。
事實上希望你用感受的。
00:33
In fact事實, I want you to feel it.
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接下來的十四分鐘,我有很多
想讓大家感受的東西。
00:34
There's a lot I want you to feel
in the next下一個 14 minutes分鐘.
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請大家都站起來。
00:37
So, if we could all stand up.
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00:39
We're all going to conduct進行
a piece of Strauss斯特勞斯 together一起.
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我們要一起指揮
一段史特勞斯的作品。
00:44
Alright好的? And you all know it.
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好嗎?你們都知道的作品。
00:46
Alright好的. Are you ready準備?
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好。準備好了嗎?
00:48
Audience聽眾: Yeah!
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觀眾:好了!
00:49
Beau花花公子 Lotto樂透: Alright好的.
Ready準備, one, two, three!
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畢爾‧洛托:好。
準備,一,二,三!
00:52
It's just the end結束.
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只有末段。
00:53
(Music音樂: Richard理查德 Strauss斯特勞斯
"Also Sprach斯普拉赫 Zarathustra查拉圖斯特拉")
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(音樂:理查‧史特勞斯的
《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》)
01:01
Right?
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行吧?
你們都知道接下來的樂段。
01:02
You know where it's going.
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01:03
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
喔,來了!
01:13
Oh, it's coming未來!
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01:22
(Music音樂 stops停止 abruptly突然)
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(音樂突然停止)
01:24
Oh!
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喔!
01:25
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:26
Right?
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集體性交中斷法(體外射精)。
01:27
Collective集體 coitus性交 interruptus中斷法.
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好了,各位請坐。
01:29
OK, you can all sit down.
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01:30
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:32
We have a fundamental基本的 need for closure關閉.
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對於結尾,我們有很根本的需求。
01:35
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:37
We love closure關閉.
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我們喜愛結尾。
01:39
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
01:41
I was told the story故事 that Mozart莫扎特,
just before he'd他會 go to bed,
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我聽過一個莫札特的故事,
他上床睡覺之前,
01:45
he'd他會 go to the piano鋼琴 and go,
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會到鋼琴前,彈:
「答-答-答-答-答。」
01:46
"da-da-da-da-da達達達達達."
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01:47
His father父親, who was already已經 in bed,
would think, "Argh阿爾格."
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他的父親已經在床上,
就會想:「啊。」
01:50
He'd他會 have to get up
and hit擊中 the final最後 note注意 to the chord
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他必須要起床去彈和弦的最後音符,
01:53
before he could go back to sleep睡覺.
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然後他才能回去入睡。
01:54
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:55
So the need for closure關閉
leads引線 us to thinking思維 about:
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對結尾的需求,
讓我們去思考:
02:01
What is our greatest最大 fear恐懼?
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我們最大的恐懼是什麼?
02:04
Think -- what is our greatest最大 fear恐懼
growing生長 up, even now?
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想想看——我們成長過程,
甚至現在,最大的恐懼是什麼?
02:09
And it's the fear恐懼 of the dark黑暗.
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是對黑暗的恐懼。
02:15
We hate討厭 uncertainty不確定.
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我們討厭不確定性。
02:18
We hate討厭 to not know.
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我們討厭未知的事。
我們討厭它。想想恐怖片。
02:20
We hate討厭 it.
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02:21
Think about horror恐怖 films影片.
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02:23
Horror恐怖 films影片 are always shot射擊 in the dark黑暗,
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恐怖片拍攝的地點總是在黑暗中、
02:25
in the forest森林,
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在森林中、
02:27
at night,
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在夜晚、
02:29
in the depths深處 of the sea,
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在深海裡、
02:30
the blackness of space空間.
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在太空的黑暗中。
02:32
And the reason原因 is because
dying垂死 was easy簡單 during evolution演化.
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因為在演化的過程中
死亡很容易發生。
02:35
If you weren't sure that was a predator捕食者,
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如果你不確定那是獵食者,
02:37
it was too late晚了.
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就太遲了。
02:39
Your brain evolved進化 to predict預測.
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你的大腦演化成會做預測。
02:42
And if you couldn't不能 predict預測, you died死亡.
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如果你不會預測,你就死定了。
02:45
And the way your brain predicts預測
is by encoding編碼 the bias偏壓 and assumptions假設
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大腦做預測的方式,
是將過去有用的偏見
和假設拿來編碼。
02:49
that were useful有用 in the past過去.
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02:51
But those assumptions假設
just don't stay inside your brain.
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但那些假設不只會在你的腦中。
02:54
You project項目 them out into the world世界.
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你還會把它們向外投射到世上。
02:57
There is no bird there.
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那裡沒有鳥。
03:00
You're projecting突出 the meaning含義
onto the screen屏幕.
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你把意義投射在螢幕上。
03:04
Everything I'm saying to you right now
is literally按照字面 meaningless無意義的.
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我現在對各位說的話
事實上沒有意義。
03:09
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:11
You're creating創建 the meaning含義
and projecting突出 it onto me.
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你們在創造意義,並投射到我身上。
03:14
And what's true真正 for objects對象
is true真正 for other people.
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對於物體是這樣,
對於人也是一樣的。
03:17
While you can measure測量
their "what" and their "when,"
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你雖能測量「什麼」和「何時」,
卻永遠無法衡量人的「為什麼」。
03:19
you can never measure測量 their "why."
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03:21
So we color顏色 other people.
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所以,我們幫他人上色。
03:22
We project項目 a meaning含義 onto them
based基於 on our biases偏見 and our experience經驗.
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根據我們的偏見和經驗
把意義投射到他們身上。
03:29
Which哪一個 is why the best最好 of design設計 is almost幾乎
always about decreasing減少 uncertainty不確定.
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那就是為什麼,最棒的設計
幾乎都和減少不確定性有關。
03:34
So when we step into uncertainty不確定,
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當我們步入不確定性當中,
03:37
our bodies身體 respond響應
physiologically生理 and mentally精神上.
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我們的身體會做出身體和心理的反應。
03:40
Your immune免疫的 system系統
will start開始 deteriorating惡化.
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你的免疫系統會開始衰退,
03:43
Your brain cells細胞 wither枯萎 and even die.
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你的腦細胞會枯萎,甚至死亡。
03:46
Your creativity創造力 and intelligence情報 decrease減少.
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你的創意和智力會下降。
03:50
We often經常 go from fear恐懼 to anger憤怒,
almost幾乎 too often經常.
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我們通常會從恐懼
轉變成憤怒,太常如此了。
03:54
Why? Because fear恐懼 is a state of certainty肯定.
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為什麼?因為恐懼是一種確定的狀態。
03:57
You become成為 morally道德 judgmental評判.
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你變成會在道德上做評斷。
03:59
You become成為 an extreme極端 version of yourself你自己.
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你會變成極端版的自己。
04:01
If you're a conservative保守,
you become成為 more conservative保守.
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如果你是保守派,你會變得更保守。
如果你是自由派,你會變得更自由。
04:04
If you're a liberal自由主義的,
you become成為 more liberal自由主義的.
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04:06
Because you go to a place地點 of familiarity熟悉.
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因為你找到了熟悉的地方。
04:10
The problem問題 is that the world世界 changes變化.
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問題是,世界會改變。
04:13
And we have to adapt適應 or die.
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若不適應就要面臨死亡。
04:15
And if you want to shift轉移 from A to B,
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如果你想要從 A 轉換到 B,
04:17
the first step is not B.
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第一步並不是 B。
04:19
The first step is to go from A to not A --
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第一步是從 A 到不是 A ——
04:23
to let go of your bias偏壓 and assumptions假設;
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先放掉你的偏見和假設;
04:25
to step into the very place地點
that our brain evolved進化 to avoid避免;
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進入那我們大腦演化來避開之處;
04:31
to step into the place地點 of the unknown未知.
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進入未知的地方。
04:37
But it's so essential必要
that we go to this place地點
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但,很重要的是我們要到
04:40
that our brain gave us a solution.
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大腦能為我們提供解決問題的地方。
04:42
Evolution演化 gave us a solution.
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演化為我們提供了解決方案。
04:45
And it's possibly或者 one of the most profound深刻
perceptual知覺的 experiences經驗.
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那可能是最深奧的感知體驗之一。
04:50
And it's the experience經驗 of awe威嚴.
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那就是「驚嘆」的體驗。
04:55
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
05:56
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:01
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
06:08
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:12
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
06:56
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:02
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
07:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:21
(Cheers乾杯)
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(歡呼)
07:25
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:31
Beau花花公子 Lotto樂透: Ah, how wonderful精彩, right?
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畢爾洛托:真棒,對吧?
07:34
So right now, you're probably大概 all feeling感覺,
at some level水平 or another另一個, awe威嚴.
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現在,
各位可能都感覺到某種程度的驚嘆了。
07:42
Right?
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對吧?
07:43
So what's happening事件
inside your brain right now?
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所以,現在各位的腦中發生了什麼事?
07:47
And for thousands數千 of years年份,
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數千年來,
07:49
we've我們已經 been thinking思維 and writing寫作
and experiencing經歷 awe威嚴,
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我們都一直在思考、
在撰寫、在體驗所謂的驚嘆,
07:52
and we know so little about it.
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而我們對它所知甚少。
07:55
And so to try to understand理解
what is it and what does it do,
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為了試圖了解
它是什麼以及它能做什麼,
08:01
my Lab實驗室 of Misfits格格不入 had just
the wonderful精彩 opportunity機會 and the pleasure樂趣
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我的「格格不入實驗室」
有難得的機會和榮幸
08:07
to work with who are some of the greatest最大
creators創作者 of awe威嚴 that we know:
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和我們所知的最了不起的
讚嘆創造者合作:
08:12
the writers作家, the creators創作者,
the directors董事, the accountants會計師,
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作家、創作者、導演、會計,
08:16
the people who are Cirque太陽 Du Soleil馬戲團.
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太陽馬戲團的人。
08:20
And so we went to Las拉斯維加斯 Vegas拉斯維加斯,
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所以,我們去了拉斯維加斯,
08:23
and we recorded記錄
the brain activity活動 of people
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我們記錄了大家
在觀賞表演時的腦部活動,
08:26
while they're watching觀看 the performance性能,
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08:28
over 10 performances演出 of "O,"
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十場《O 秀》的表演,
08:31
which哪一個 is iconic標誌性的 Cirque太陽 performance性能.
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那是太陽馬戲團
最具代表性的表演。
08:34
And we also measured測量
the behavior行為 before the performance性能,
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我們也測量了在表演之前的行為,
08:38
as well as a different不同 group
after the performance性能.
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以及不同族群在表演之後的行為。
08:41
And so we had over 200 people involved參與.
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我們的樣本量超過兩百個人。
08:45
So what is awe威嚴?
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所以,驚嘆是什麼?
08:47
What is happening事件
inside your brain right now?
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各位的大腦內部現在發生了什麼事?
08:49
It's a brain state. OK?
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那是一種大腦狀態。好嗎?
08:52
The front面前 part部分 of your brain,
the prefrontal前額葉 cortex皮質,
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大腦的前部,即前額葉皮質,
08:55
which哪一個 is responsible主管
for your executive行政人員 function功能,
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負責的是你的執行功能,
08:57
your attentional注意力 control控制,
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注意力的掌控,
08:58
is now being存在 downregulated降調.
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現在它被調降了。
09:02
The part部分 of your brain called
the DMNDMN, default默認 mode模式 network網絡,
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大腦中有一部分叫做
預設模式網絡(DMN),
09:06
which哪一個 is the interaction相互作用
between之間 multiple areas in your brain,
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它是大腦數個區域之間的交互作用,
09:09
which哪一個 is active活性 during, sort分類 of, ideation意念,
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它在構思的過程中變得很活躍,
09:13
creative創作的 thinking思維 in terms條款
of divergent發散 thinking思維 and daydreaming白日夢,
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也就是擴散式思考
和作白日夢的創意性思考,
09:16
is now being存在 upregulated向上調節.
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它現在被調高了。
09:19
And right about now,
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大約現在,
09:21
the activity活動 in your
prefrontal前額葉 cortex皮質 is changing改變.
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各位大腦前額葉皮質的
活動正在改變。
09:25
It's becoming變得 asymmetrical不對稱
in its activity活動,
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它的活動開始變得不對稱,
09:28
biased towards the right,
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偏向右腦這邊,
09:29
which哪一個 is highly高度 correlated相關
when people step forward前鋒 into the world世界,
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當人們步入迎向世界
而非對世界卻步時,
和右腦活動有高度的正相關。
09:33
as opposed反對 to step back.
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09:36
In fact事實, the activity活動 across橫過 the brains大腦
of all these people was so correlated相關
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事實上,這些人所有的
大腦活動有如此強的關聯性,
09:41
that we're able能夠 to train培養
an artificial人造 neural神經 network網絡
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使得我們能夠訓練出
一套人工神經網路,
09:44
to predict預測 whether是否 or not
people are experiencing經歷 awe威嚴
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來預測人們是否有體驗到驚嘆,
09:47
to an accuracy準確性 of 75 percent百分 on average平均,
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平均的正確率能達到 75%,
09:50
with a maximum最大值 of 83 percent百分.
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最高能達 83%。
09:54
So what does this brain state do?
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所以,這種大腦狀態有什麼用途?
09:58
Well, others其他 have demonstrated證明,
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已有人證明過,
10:00
for instance, Professors教授
Haidt海特 and Keltner塞爾特納,
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比如,海德和冠特納教授,
10:03
have told us that people feel small
but connected連接的 to the world世界.
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他們告訴我們,人們會覺得
渺小卻和世界有所連結。
10:08
And their prosocial親社會 behavior行為 increases增加,
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他們的利社會行為會增加,
10:12
because they feel an increased增加
affinity親和力 towards others其他.
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因為他們感覺對他人的喜愛變多了。
10:15
And we've我們已經 also shown顯示 in this study研究
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在這個研究中也發現
10:18
that people have less need
for cognitive認知 control控制.
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人們對於認知控制的需求變少了,
10:21
They're more comfortable自在 with uncertainty不確定
without having closure關閉.
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對於沒有結尾的不確定性感到自在些。
10:26
And their appetite食慾
for risk風險 also increases增加.
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他們對風險的胃口也變大了。
10:29
They actually其實 seek尋求 risk風險,
and they are better able能夠 at taking服用 it.
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他們還會去追求風險,
且他們更能承擔風險。
10:34
And something that
was really quite相當 profound深刻
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有個很深刻的發現是,
10:36
is that when we asked people,
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當我們問別人:
10:38
"Are you someone有人 who has a propensity傾向
to experience經驗 awe威嚴?"
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「你是個容易感到驚嘆的人嗎?」
10:42
They were more likely容易
to give a positive response響應
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比起看表演之前,在看完表演之後
他們比較有可能會給正面的回應。
10:45
after the performance性能
than they were [before].
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10:47
They literally按照字面 redefined重新定義 themselves他們自己
and their history歷史.
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他們可說是重新定義了
他們自己以及他們的歷史。
10:52
So, awe威嚴 is possibly或者 the perception知覺
that is bigger than us.
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所以,驚嘆可能是一種
比我們更大的感知。
11:00
And in the words of Joseph約瑟夫 Campbell坎貝爾,
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借用約瑟夫‧坎伯的話:
11:02
"Awe敬畏 is what enables使 us to move移動 forward前鋒."
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「驚嘆是驅使我們前進的動力。」
11:06
Or in the words of a dear friend朋友,
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或者,我有位親愛的朋友,
11:08
probably大概 one of our
greatest最大 photographers攝影師,
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可能是現存的攝影師中最偉大的
其中一位,杜恩‧麥可斯,
11:10
still living活的 photographers攝影師,
Duane杜安 Michaels邁克爾斯,
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11:12
he said to me just the other day
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有一天他對我說,
11:14
that maybe it gives us the curiosity好奇心
to overcome克服 our cowardice怯懦.
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也許驚嘆給了我們好奇心,
讓我們能克服怯懦。
11:20
So who cares管它? Why should we care關心?
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誰在乎呢?我們為何要在乎?
11:24
Well, consider考慮 conflict衝突,
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想想衝突,
11:25
which哪一個 seems似乎 to be so omnipresent無所不在
in our society社會 at the moment時刻.
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目前,在我們的社會中,
衝突似乎無所不在。
11:29
If you and I are in conflict衝突,
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如果你和我有衝突,
11:31
it's as if we're at the opposite對面
ends結束 of the same相同 line.
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就好像我們在一條線的相對兩端。
11:34
And my aim目標 is to prove證明 that you're wrong錯誤
and to shift轉移 you towards me.
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我的目標是要證明你錯了,
要把你拉向我。
11:37
The problem問題 is, you are doing
exactly究竟 the same相同.
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問題是,你也在做相同的事。
11:39
You're trying to prove證明 that I'm wrong錯誤
and shift轉移 me towards you.
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你在試圖證明我錯了,
要把我拉向你。
11:42
Notice注意 that conflict衝突 is the setup建立
to win贏得 but not learn學習.
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注意:衝突的目的
是要贏,不是要學習。
11:48
Your brain only learns獲悉 if we move移動.
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只有當我們改變觀念想法時,
大腦才會學習。
11:51
Life is movement運動.
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生命恆變。
11:54
So, what if we could use awe威嚴,
not to get rid擺脫 of conflict衝突 --
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5397
所以,如果我們能用驚嘆,
目的不是要擺脫衝突——
11:59
conflict衝突 is essential必要,
conflict衝突 is how your brain expands展開,
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衝突是必要的,
衝突會讓大腦擴張,
12:03
it's how your brain learns獲悉 --
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是大腦學習的方式——
12:05
but rather, to enter輸入 conflict衝突
in a different不同 way?
189
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3277
但,驚嘆的目的是要用
不同的方式進入衝突,如何?
12:09
And what if awe威嚴 could
enable啟用 us to enter輸入 it
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如果驚嘆能讓我們
用至少兩種不同的方式
進入衝突,如何?
12:12
in at least最小 two different不同 ways方法?
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1485
12:14
One, to give us the humility謙遜
and courage勇氣 to not know.
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第一,給我們
「不知道」的謙卑和勇氣。
12:18
Right? To enter輸入 conflict衝突
with a question instead代替 of an answer回答.
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對吧?帶著問題進入衝突,
而不是帶著答案。
12:22
What would happen發生 then?
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那會發生什麼事?
12:23
To enter輸入 the conflict衝突
with uncertainty不確定 instead代替 of certainty肯定.
195
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帶著不確定性進入衝突,
而不是確定性。
12:27
And the second第二 is,
in entering進入 conflict衝突 that way,
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第二,以那種方式進入衝突之後,
12:30
to seek尋求 to understand理解,
rather than convince說服.
197
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去尋求了解,而不是說服。
12:35
Because everyone大家 makes品牌 sense
to themselves他們自己, right?
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因為每個人都有自己的道理,對吧?
12:39
And to understand理解 another另一個 person,
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去了解另一個人,
12:41
is to understand理解 the biases偏見
and assumptions假設
200
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2023
就是去了解造成其行為的偏見和假設。
12:43
that give rise上升 to their behavior行為.
201
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12:46
And we've我們已經 actually其實 initiated啟動 a pilot飛行員 study研究
202
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我們真的著手進行了一項先導研究,
12:49
to look to see whether是否
we could use art-induced藝術誘導 awe威嚴
203
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3406
看看我們是否能夠用藝術誘發的驚嘆
12:52
to facilitate促進 toleration容忍.
204
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來促進包容。
12:55
And the results結果 are actually其實
incredibly令人難以置信 positive.
205
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結果非常正面。
12:58
We can mitigate減輕 against反對 anger憤怒 and hate討厭
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我們可以透過體驗由藝術產生的驚嘆,
13:01
through通過 the experience經驗 of awe威嚴
generated產生 by art藝術.
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來減輕憤怒和仇恨。
13:06
So where can we find awe威嚴,
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既然驚嘆這麼重要,
我們要在哪裡才找得到驚嘆?
13:10
given特定 how important重要 it is?
209
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13:14
So, what if ...
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那,如果……
13:18
A suggestion建議:
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一個暗示:
13:20
that awe威嚴 is not just
to be found發現 in the grandeur富麗堂皇.
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並不是只有在壯觀的地方
才能找到驚嘆。
13:24
Awe敬畏 is essential必要.
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驚嘆是很基本的。
13:26
Often經常, it's scale規模 --
the mountains, the sunscape太陽景觀.
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通常和規模有關——山岳、太陽景觀。
13:31
But what if we could actually其實
rescale重新調整 ourselves我們自己
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但,我們是否能夠重新
改變我們自己的規模,
13:36
and find the impossible不可能 in the simple簡單?
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在很簡單的地方找到不可能?
13:41
And if this is true真正,
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如果是這樣,
13:43
and our data數據 are right,
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如果我們的資料正確,
13:46
then endeavors努力 like science科學,
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那麼,各種探索嘗試,像是科學、
13:49
adventure冒險, art藝術, ideas思路, love,
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冒險、藝術、想法、愛、
13:53
a TEDTED conference會議, performance性能,
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TED 會議、表演,
13:57
are not only inspired啟發 by awe威嚴,
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都不僅是由驚嘆所驅使,
14:01
but could actually其實 be our ladders梯子
into uncertainty不確定
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可能還可以成為我們
進入不確定或的途徑,
14:05
to help us expand擴大.
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協助我們擴張。
14:26
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
14:28
(Applause掌聲)
226
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(掌聲)
14:29
Please, come up.
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請上來。
14:30
(Applause掌聲)
228
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(掌聲)
14:34
(Cheers乾杯)
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(歡呼)
14:38
(Applause掌聲)
230
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by SF Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Beau Lotto - Neuroscientist, Artist
Beau Lotto is founder of Lottolab, a hybrid art studio and science lab. With glowing, interactive sculpture -- and old-fashioned peer-reviewed research--he's illuminating the mysteries of the brain's visual system.

Why you should listen

"Let there be perception," was evolution's proclamation, and so it was that all creatures, from honeybees to humans, came to see the world not as it is, but as was most useful. This uncomfortable place--where what an organism's brain sees diverges from what is actually out there--is what Beau Lotto and his team at Lottolab are exploring through their dazzling art-sci experiments and public illusions. Their Bee Matrix installation, for example, places a live bee in a transparent enclosure where gallerygoers may watch it seek nectar in a virtual meadow of luminous Plexiglas flowers. (Bees, Lotto will tell you, see colors much like we humans do.) The data captured isn't just discarded, either: it's put to good use in probing scientific papers, and sometimes in more exhibits.

At their home in London’s Science Museum, the lab holds "synesthetic workshops" where kids and adults make abstract paintings that computers interpret into music, and they host regular Lates--evenings of science, music and "mass experiments." Lotto is passionate about involving people from all walks of life in research on perception--both as subjects and as fellow researchers. One such program, called "i,scientist," in fact led to the publication of the first ever peer-reviewed scientific paper written by schoolchildren ("Blackawton Bees," December 2010). It starts, "Once upon a time ..."

These and Lotto's other conjurings are slowly, charmingly bending the science of perception--and our perceptions of what science can be.

More profile about the speaker
Beau Lotto | Speaker | TED.com
Cirque du Soleil - Circus arts entertainers
Based in Montreal, the Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group is a world leader in live entertainment.

Why you should listen

On top of producing world-renowned circus arts shows, the Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group brings its creative approach to a large variety of entertainment forms, such as multimedia productions, immersive experiences, theme parks and special events. It currently has 4,500 employees from nearly 70 countries. Going beyond its various creations, the organization aims to make a positive impact on people, communities and the planet with its most important tools: creativity and art.

More profile about the speaker
Cirque du Soleil | Speaker | TED.com