TEDGlobal 2005
Alex Steffen: The route to a sustainable future
亞歷克．斯特芬看到一個可持續的未來。
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Worldchanging.com 創始人亞歷克．斯特芬認為，當西方的消費生活方式傳至發展中國家，減少人類的生態足跡現在是難以置信的重要。
Alex Steffen - Planetary futurist
Alex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow. Full bio
Alex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
When I'm starting talks like this,
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當我開始這種演講的時候，
00:27
I usually do a whole spiel about sustainability
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我常會滔滔不絕的談論有關可持續性，
00:30
because a lot of people out there don't know what that is.
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因為很多人都對這個話題不熟識。
00:32
This is a crowd that does know what it is,
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這裏是一羣熟識這個話題的人，
00:34
so I'll like just do like the 60-second crib-note version. Right?
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因此我只會作一個六十秒的短版。 好嗎？
00:38
So just bear with me. We'll go real fast, you know?
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那請給我少許耐性。我們隨著會說得很快，
00:40
Fill in the blanks.
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填補任何不足之處。
00:41
So, you know, sustainability, small planet.
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論到可持續性，我們有的是一個小行星。
00:44
Right? Picture a little Earth, circling around the sun.
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對嗎？ 試想一個小地球，圍繞著太陽在轉。
00:46
You know, about a million years ago,
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大約在一百萬年前，
00:47
a bunch of monkeys fell out of trees,
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一羣猴子從樹上跌下，
00:49
got a little clever, harnessed fire,
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變得有一點聰明，會利用火，
00:51
invented the printing press,
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發明了印刷術，
00:52
made, you know, luggage with wheels on it.
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把行李箱安上滑輪。
00:54
And, you know, built the society that we now live in.
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並且建立了我們現在生活的社會。
00:58
Unfortunately, while this society is, without a doubt,
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不幸地，當這毫無疑問地
01:01
the most prosperous and dynamic the world has ever created,
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是世界上建立最興旺最有動力的社會，
01:05
it's got some major, major flaws.
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它卻有一些重要的瑕疵。
01:08
One of them is that every society has an ecological footprint.
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其中一點是每個社會都有一個生態足跡。
01:12
It has an amount of impact on the planet that's measurable.
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它對地球有多大影響是可以量度得到。
01:16
How much stuff goes through your life,
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有多少東西在你的生活中曾出現，
01:19
how much waste is left behind you.
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隨後產生了多少廢物。
01:22
And we, at the moment, in our society,
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而我們現在這個社會
01:25
have a really dramatically unsustainable level of this.
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有一個真正引人注目，無法持續的水平。
01:29
We're using up about five planets.
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我們消耗了約五個地球。
01:31
If everybody on the planet lived the way we did,
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如果地球上每個人都像我們這樣生活，
01:34
we'd need between five, six, seven,
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我們便會需要五、六、七、
01:36
some people even say 10 planets to make it.
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甚至某些人說十個地球去支持。
01:39
Clearly we don't have 10 planets.
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明顯地我們並沒有十個地球。
01:41
Again, you know, mental, visual, 10 planets, one planet,
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再次想像一下，十個地球、一個地球、
01:43
10 planets, one planet. Right?
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十個地球、一個地球．．．是嗎？
01:45
We don't have that. So that's one problem.
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我們沒有十個地球。因此那是一個問題。
01:48
The second problem is that the planet that we have
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第二個問題是我們有的地球
01:50
is being used in wildly unfair ways. Right?
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正被不公平地胡亂使用，對不對？
01:54
North Americans, such as myself, you know,
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北美洲人，如我自己，
01:57
we're basically sort of wallowing, gluttonous hogs,
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我們基本像是沉溺貪嘴的豬，
01:59
and we're eating all sorts of stuff.
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我們吃著各種東西。
02:01
And, you know, then you get all the way down
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然後我們往這兒一直看到
02:03
to people who live in the Asia-Pacific region, or even more, Africa.
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亞太區居住的人，甚至更遠至非洲。
02:07
And people simply do not have enough to survive.
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他們基本上是沒有足夠食物去生存。
02:09
This is producing all sorts of tensions,
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這導致了種種的緊張局勢，
02:11
all sorts of dynamics that are deeply disturbing.
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各種滋擾性的動力。
02:14
And there's more and more people on the way. Right?
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而我們將會有越來越多人在這個情況。
02:18
So, this is what the planet's going to look like in 20 years.
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因此，廿年後的地球將會是這樣：
02:22
It's going to be a pretty crowded place, at least eight billion people.
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它將是十分擁擠的地方 ﹣至少有八十億人口。
02:25
So to make matters even more difficult, it's a very young planet.
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令事態更加困難的是它一個非常年輕的地球。
02:29
A third of the people on this planet are kids.
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這個地球上三分之一人口是孩子。
02:32
And those kids are growing up in a completely different way
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而那些小孩不管居住在哪裏，
02:35
than their parents did, no matter where they live.
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與他們的父母生長於一個完全不同的模式。
02:37
They've been exposed to this idea of our society, of our prosperity.
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他們暴露於我們社會的意念，我們的繁榮，
02:42
And they may not want to live exactly like us.
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但他們或許不想跟我們生活得一樣。
02:45
They may not want to be Americans, or Brits,
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他們或許不想當美國人、或是英國人、
02:47
or Germans, or South Africans,
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或是德國人、或是南非人，
02:49
but they want their own version
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但是他們想要
02:51
of a life which is more prosperous, and more dynamic,
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更興旺、更有動力、
02:53
and more, you know, enjoyable.
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更愉快的生活。
02:55
And all of these things combine to create
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所有這些合成了
02:58
an enormous amount of torque on the planet.
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這地球上巨大的扭力。
03:01
And if we cannot figure out a way to deal with that torque,
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如果我們不能想出一個處理這扭力的方法，
03:04
we are going to find ourselves more and more and more quickly
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我們將會越來越發覺自己
03:08
facing situations which are simply unthinkable.
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很快地要面對完全不可思議的情況。
03:12
Everybody in this room has heard the worst-case scenarios.
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在座的各位都聽過最惡劣的情景。
03:14
I don't need to go into that.
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我不需要再在這裏提及。
03:16
But I will ask the question, what's the alternative?
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但是我會問，我們有甚麼其他選擇？
03:18
And I would say that, at the moment, the alternative is unimaginable.
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而在這一刻我會說， 這個選擇是難以想像。
03:23
You know, so on the one hand we have the unthinkable;
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在一方面，我們有不可思議，
03:26
on the other hand we have the unimaginable.
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另一方面，我們有難以想像。
03:28
We don't know yet how to build a society
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我們還不知道如何建立一個
03:31
which is environmentally sustainable,
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可持續發展的社會，
03:33
which is shareable with everybody on the planet,
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可與地球上每一個人分享，
03:36
which promotes stability and democracy and human rights,
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可促進穏定、民主和人權，
03:40
and which is achievable in the time-frame necessary
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而且可於必要的期限內達到，
03:43
to make it through the challenges we face.
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好讓我們渡過面對的挑戰。
03:46
We don't know how to do this yet.
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我們還不知道該怎麼辦。
03:48
So what's Worldchanging?
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那 Worldchanging 是甚麼？
03:50
Well, Worldchanging you might think of
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你也許以為 Worldchanging 是一種
03:52
as being a bit of a news service for the unimaginable future.
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為難以想像的將來而設的新聞服務。
03:57
You know, what we're out there doing is looking
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你知道嗎，我們現正在做的就是尋找
03:59
for examples of tools, models and ideas,
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工具、模式和概念的例子。
04:02
which, if widely adopted, would change the game.
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如果它們得到廣泛採用，那將會改變一切。
04:06
A lot of times, when I do a talk like this, I talk about things
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很多時候，當我作一個這樣的演講，
04:09
that everybody in this room I'm sure has already heard of,
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我會談論一些肯定在座各位都聽過的事物，
04:12
but most people haven't.
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但其實大部份人都未曾聽過。
04:14
So I thought today I'd do something a little different,
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因此今天我想我的做法會有些不同。
04:16
and talk about what we're looking for, rather than saying, you know,
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我會談論我們在搜尋甚麼，而不是列舉一些
04:19
rather than giving you tried-and-true examples.
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已被試驗及真實的例子。
04:22
Talk about the kinds of things we're scoping out.
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我們會談論一些正在研究的東西。
04:24
Give you a little peek into our editorial notebook.
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給你偷看一點我們的編輯記事簿。
04:26
And given that I have 13 minutes to do this, this is going to go kind of quick.
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另因只有十三分鐘，我將會說得很快。
04:29
So, I don't know, just stick with me. Right?
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因此請盡量跟上，好嗎？
04:31
So, first of all, what are we looking for? Bright Green city.
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首先，我們在尋找甚麼呢？艷綠色都市。
04:34
One of the biggest levers that we have in the developed world
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在已開發世界中我們所擁有最重要的槓桿
04:37
for changing the impact that we have on the planet
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以改善我們對地球造成的影響，
04:39
is changing the way that we live in cities.
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就是改變我們在城市中的生活方式。
04:41
We're already an urban planet;
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我們已經是一個城市地球，
04:42
that's especially true in the developed world.
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在已開發世界尤是真確。
04:45
And people who live in cities in the developed world
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住在已開發世界城市中的人
04:47
tend to be very prosperous, and thus use a lot of stuff.
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多是富庶而消耗大量物品。
04:49
If we can change the dynamic,
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如果我們能夠改變這個動力，
04:51
by first of all creating cities that are denser and more livable ...
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首先，創造人口密度更高更適合居住的城市...
04:54
Here, for example, is Vancouver, which if you haven't been there,
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以温哥華為例，如果你從未到過那裏，
04:56
you ought to go for a visit. It's a fabulous city.
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你應該去看看。它是一個優秀的城市。
04:58
And they are doing density, new density,
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他們在推廣人口密度，新的人口密度，
05:00
better than probably anybody else on the planet right now.
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比地球上所有人做的更好。
05:02
They're actually managing to talk North Americans out of driving cars,
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他們正設法呼籲北美洲人不再駕駛車輛。
05:05
which is a pretty great thing.
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這是一件相當重要的大事。
05:07
So you have density. You also have growth management.
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因此你有人口密度，亦有增長管理。
05:09
You leave aside what is natural to be natural.
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其他屬於自然的就讓他自然。
05:12
This is in Portland. That is an actual development.
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這是在波特蘭。那是一個實際發展。
05:15
That land there will remain pasture in perpetuity.
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那塊土地會永久留為牧地。
05:17
They've bounded the city with a line.
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他們把城市以一線圍繞。
05:19
Nature, city. Nothing changes.
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自然、城市。 甚麼都不變。
05:22
Once you do those things, you can start making all sorts of investments.
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當你那樣做之後，你可以開始做各樣投資。
05:25
You can start doing things like, you know,
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你可以開始發展，如．．．
05:27
transit systems that actually work to transport people,
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輸送人的運輸系統，
05:30
in effective and reasonably comfortable manners.
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有效率及舒適。
05:33
You can also start to change what you build.
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你甚至可以開始修建已興建的事物。
05:35
This is the Beddington Zero Energy Development in London,
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這是倫敦貝丁頓零耗能開發生態社區，
05:38
which is one of the greenest buildings in the world. It's a fabulous place.
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是世界上最綠的建築之一。是個美妙的地方。
05:41
We're able to now build buildings that generate all their own electricity,
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我們現在有能力興建自行發電的建築，
05:44
that recycle much of their water,
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循環利用大部份的水。
05:46
that are much more comfortable than standard buildings,
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他們比一般建築物更舒適，
05:49
use all-natural light, etc., and, over time, cost less.
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使用全自然光，而長時間計算花費較少。
05:53
Green roofs. Bill McDonough covered that last night, so I won't dwell on that too much.
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綠色屋頂。 威廉．麥唐納昨晚已經說了，因此我不會在這說太多。
05:57
But once you also have people living
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一旦人互相在
05:59
in close proximity to each other,
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近距離居住，
06:01
one of the things you can do is --
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其中一件可做的事就是 ﹣
06:03
as information technologies develop --
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隨著資訊科技發展 ﹣
06:05
you can start to have smart places.
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你可以開始發展聰明的地方。
06:07
You can start to know where things are.
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你可以開始了解事物在哪裏。
06:09
When you know where things are, it becomes easier to share them.
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當你知道事物在哪裏，便更容易分享它們。
06:11
When you share them, you end up using less.
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當你分享它們後，就會減少用量。
06:14
So one great example is car-share clubs,
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一個了不起的例子是車輛分享俱樂部。
06:16
which are really starting to take off in the U.S.,
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它現正開始在美國受歡迎。
06:18
have already taken off in many places in Europe, and are a great example.
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在許多歐洲國家已經存在。是個很好的例子。
06:21
If you're somebody who drives, you know, one day a week,
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如果你一星期只開一天車，
06:23
do you really need your own car?
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你真的需要擁有一台車子嗎？
06:26
Another thing that information technology lets us do
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資訊科技可讓我們做的另一件事
06:28
is start figuring out how to use less stuff
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是藉由了解及監測我們實際的用量，
06:30
by knowing, and by monitoring, the amount we're actually using.
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去找出如何使用較少物料的方法。
06:35
So, here's a power cord which glows brighter the more energy that you use,
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當我們用的能源越多，這電線會變得更亮。
06:38
which I think is a pretty cool concept,
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我覺得這是一個很棒的概念。
06:40
although I think it ought to work the other way around,
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雖然我認為它可以反過來
06:42
that it gets brighter the more you don't use.
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當你不用它時，它可更光亮。
06:45
But, you know, there may even be a simpler approach.
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但或許有另一個更簡易的方法。
06:47
We could just re-label things.
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我們可以把物件重新標示。
06:49
This light switch that reads, on the one hand, flashfloods,
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照明燈的開關一邊寫著「山洪暴發」，
06:51
and on the other hand, off.
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另一邊寫著「關閉」。
06:53
How we build things can change as well.
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我們亦可以變更如何造物。
06:55
This is a bio-morphic building.
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這是一座擬生物形態的大廈。
06:57
It takes its inspiration in form from life.
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它從生物的形態得到啟發而造成。
07:01
Many of these buildings are incredibly beautiful,
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許多這類建築都是難以置信地美麗，
07:03
and also much more effective.
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同時亦屬非常高效能。
07:06
This is an example of bio-mimicry,
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這是一個模仿生物的例子，
07:08
which is something we're really starting to look a lot more for.
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亦是一些我們開始多留意的範疇。
07:10
In this case, you have a shell design
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在這個例子中，這個貝殼設計
07:12
which was used to create a new kind of exhaust fan, which is greatly more effective.
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用以造出一個新款排氣扇，它有更高的效能。
07:16
There's a lot of this stuff happening; it's really pretty remarkable.
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現有很多類似的東西出現，真正是相當卓越。
07:20
I encourage you to look on Worldchanging if you're into it.
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如果你喜歡這類事物，我鼓勵你們多到 Worldchanging 瀏覽。
07:22
We're starting to cover this more and more.
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我們會報導越來越多這類事物。
07:24
There's also neo-biological design,
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這也是一個近代生物設計
07:26
where more and more we're actually using life itself
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實際上利用越來越多生物本身
07:28
and the processes of life to become part of our industry.
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或生命的過程於我們的工業上。
07:31
So this, for example, is hydrogen-generating algae.
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如這個例子，是一種可產生氫氣的海藻。
07:34
So we have a model in potential, an emerging model that we're looking for
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所以我們有一個有潛力的模式，我們正在尋找的一個新浮現的模式
07:38
of how to take the cities most of us live in,
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可用於我們居住的城市，
07:41
and turn them into Bright Green cities.
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而把這些城市變成艷綠色都市。
07:43
But unfortunately, most of the people on the planet don't live in the cites we live in.
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但不幸地，地球上大多數的人都不居住在我們居住的城市。
07:48
They live in the emerging megacities of the developing world.
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他們住在發展中國家湧現的大城市。
07:51
And there's a statistic I often like to use,
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有一個我經常喜歡使用的統計數字，
07:53
which is that we're adding a city of Seattle every four days,
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就是我們每四天便增加一個西雅圖市。
07:56
a city the size of Seattle to the planet every four days.
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每四天這地球便有一個西雅圖般大小的城市。
07:59
I was giving a talk about two months ago,
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約兩個月前我發表了一個演講。
08:01
and this guy, who'd done some work with the U.N., came up to me
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有一位曾與聯合國工作的男士前來找我
08:03
and was really flustered, and he said, look,
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緊張地跟我說：「聽著，
08:05
you've got that totally wrong; it's totally wrong.
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你弄錯了，全是錯了。
08:07
It's every seven days.
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應該是每七天才對。」
08:10
So, we're adding a city the size of Seattle every seven days,
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那我們每七天增加一個西雅圖般大小的城市，
08:13
and most of those cities look more like this than the city that you or I live in.
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而大部份都像這樣而非像你和我居住的城市。
08:17
Most of those cites are growing incredibly quickly.
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大部份那些城市都在迅速增長。
08:20
They don't have existing infrastructure;
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他們沒有基礎設施。
08:22
they have enormous numbers of people who are struggling with poverty,
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他們有大量人民在貧窮中掙扎，
08:25
and enormous numbers of people are trying to figure out
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並且有大量人民在想辦法
08:27
how to do things in new ways.
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如何可以用新的方法做事。
08:29
So what do we need in order to make developing nation
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我們需要些甚麼才能把發展中國家的
08:33
megacities into Bright Green megacities?
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大城市變成艷綠色大都市呢？
08:36
Well, the first thing we need is, we need leapfrogging.
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我們需要的第一東西就是我們需要躍進。
08:39
And this is one of the things that we are looking for everywhere.
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這是我們到處搜尋的其中一件現象。
08:42
The idea behind leapfrogging is that
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躍進背後的概念是
08:44
if you are a person, or a country, who is stuck in a situation
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如果你是一個人，或一個國家，因你沒有所需
08:47
where you don't have the tools and technologies that you need,
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的工具和技術而處於停滯不前的情況，
08:50
there's no reason for you to invest in last generation's technologies. Right?
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你沒理由投資上一代的科技，對嗎？
08:56
That you're much better off, almost universally,
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幾乎普遍地說，你最好還是
08:58
looking for a low-cost or locally applicable version of the newest technology.
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尋找一些低成本或適合當地採用的新科技。
09:03
One place we're all familiar with seeing this is with cell phones. Right?
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一個可見之處在於我們都熟悉的行動電話。
09:07
All throughout the developing world, people are going directly to cell phones,
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所有發展中世界，人們都直接使用行動電話，
09:11
skipping the whole landline stage.
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跳過有線網絡的階段。
09:13
If there are landlines in many developing world cities,
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如果在許多發展中世界城市有有線網絡的話，
09:15
they're usually pretty crappy systems that break down a lot
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它們通常是常當機的低劣系統，
09:18
and cost enormous amounts of money.
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並且非常昂貴。
09:20
So I rather like this picture here.
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所以我頗喜歡這張圖片。
09:22
I particularly like the Ganesh in the background, talking on the cell phone.
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我特別喜歡背景中的象頭神，拿著手機談話。
09:26
So what we have, increasingly, is cell phones just permeating out through society.
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所以行動電話滲入社會的情況日增。
09:30
We've heard all about this here this week,
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我們這個星期裏聽過不少，
09:32
so I won't say too much more than that, other than to say
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因此我在這裏不說太多，除了要說
09:34
what is true for cell phones is true for all sorts of technologies.
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行動電話表現的現象，也出現在任何科技。
09:39
The second thing is tools for collaboration,
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第二件事是合作工具，
09:42
be they systems of collaboration, or intellectual property systems
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無論是合作系统本身或是
09:45
which encourage collaboration. Right?
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促進合作的知識產權系統。
09:47
When you have free ability for people to freely work together and innovate,
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當你有自主權去讓人們自由地合作和創新，
09:51
you get different kinds of solutions.
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你便會得到不同的解決方案。
09:53
And those solutions are accessible in a different way
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而沒有資本的人可用一個不同途徑
09:56
to people who don't have capital. Right?
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得到那些解決方案。是不是？
09:58
So, you know, we have open source software,
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我們有開源軟件，
10:01
we have Creative Commons and other kinds of Copyleft solutions.
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我們有創用 CC 和其他 Copyleft 解決方案。
10:06
And those things lead to things like this.
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而那些事情便引導出這樣的東西。
10:08
This is a Telecentro in Sao Paulo.
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這是聖保羅的 Telecentro
10:11
This is a pretty remarkable program
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這是一個很出眾的計劃，
10:13
using free and open source software, cheap, sort of hacked-together machines,
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利用免費和開源軟件，把便宜機器嵌在一起，
10:17
and basically sort of abandoned buildings --
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還有基本上一些被棄置的大廈，
10:20
has put together a bunch of community centers
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而造成了一連串社區中心
10:22
where people can come in, get high-speed internet access,
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讓人們到來使用高速網絡
10:25
learn computer programming skills for free.
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和免費學習編寫電腦程式技能。
10:29
And a quarter-million people every year use these now in Sao Paulo.
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現在在聖保羅每年約有廿五萬人使用這設施。
10:33
And those quarter-million people are some of the poorest people in Sao Paolo.
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而這廿五萬人正是聖保羅中一些最窮困的人。
10:36
I particularly like the little Linux penguin in the back. (Laughter)
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我特別喜歡這背景的Linux小企鵝。
10:40
So one of the things that that's leading to is a sort of southern cultural explosion.
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那亦引發了另一件事，就是南部的文化爆破。
10:45
And one of the things we're really, really interested in at Worldchanging
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其中一樣 Worldchanging 最有興趣的事
10:48
is the ways in which the south is re-identifying itself,
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就是南方如何重新自我界定，
10:52
and re-categorizing itself in ways
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用越來越與眾不同的方法
10:55
that have less and less to do with most of us in this room.
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重新自我分類。
10:58
So it's not, you know, Bollywood isn't just answering Hollywood. Right?
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所以寶萊塢並不只是對荷里活(好萊塢)回應。
11:03
You know, Brazilian music scene isn't just answering the major labels.
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巴西音樂市場並非對主要唱片製作商的回應。
11:06
It's doing something new. There's new things happening.
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他們是在創作。新的事物在發生，
11:09
There's interplay between them. And, you know, you get amazing things.
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有著相互作用。你會得到令人驚訝的收獲。
11:12
Like, I don't know if any of you have seen the movie "City of God?"
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不知道有多少人曾看過電影「無主之城」？
11:15
Yeah, it's a fabulous movie if you haven't seen it.
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如果你沒有看過，它是一部很好的電影。
11:18
And it's all about this question, in a very artistic and indirect kind of way.
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它正是以藝術性和間接手法談論這些問題。
11:21
You have other radical examples
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另有其他根本的例子
11:23
where the ability to use cultural tools is spreading out.
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討論使用文化工具的能力正漸漸擴散，
11:26
These are people who have just been visited by
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這些人才剛被烏干達
11:28
the Internet bookmobile in Uganda.
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網路行動圖書館的人造訪
11:30
And who are waving their first books in the air,
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並正於空中揚著他們的第一本書。
11:32
which, I just think that's a pretty cool picture. You know?
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在我來看這是一幅很棒的相片。
11:35
So you also have the ability for people to start coming together
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另外，人們亦有能力
11:39
and acting on their own behalf in political and civic ways,
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為自己的政治及自治組織起來，
11:45
in ways that haven't happened before.
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用從來都未曾試過的方式。
11:48
And as we heard last night, as we've heard earlier this week,
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正如我們昨晚聽到的，正如這星期聽到的，
11:50
are absolutely, fundamentally vital to the ability to craft new solutions,
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都是對劃出新解決方案的能力有絕對和基本的重要性。
11:56
is we've got to craft new political realities.
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我們有需要塑造新的政治現實。
11:59
And I would personally say that we have to craft new political realities,
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我個人認為我們需要塑造新的政治現實，
12:03
not only in places like India, Afghanistan, Kenya, Pakistan,
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不單在印度、阿富汗、肯亞、巴基斯坦等地，
12:08
what have you, but here at home as well.
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但在這裏也有需要。
12:10
Another world is possible.
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另一個世界是有可能的。
12:12
And sort of the big motto of the anti-globalization movement. Right?
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像是一個反全球化運動的大座右銘。
12:16
We tweak that a lot.
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我們常作調整。
12:18
We talk about how another world isn't just possible; another world's here.
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我們談及另一個世界不單是有可能，其實它已在此。
12:21
That it's not just that we have to sort of imagine
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這不單是我們要想像
12:23
there being a different, vague possibility out there,
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一個不同或隱約的可能性出現，
12:27
but we need to start acting a little bit more on that possibility.
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而是我們需要為那個可能性開始作點行動。
12:31
We need to start doing things like Lula, President of Brazil.
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我們要開始像巴西總統魯拉般做點事。
12:34
How many people knew of Lula before today?
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有多少人在今天之前認識魯拉？
12:37
OK, so, much, much better than the average crowd, I can tell you that.
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好，我可以告訴你，比一般的羣眾都好。
12:41
So Lula, he's full of problems, full of contradictions,
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魯拉 ﹣他有很多問題，很多矛盾。
12:43
but one of the things that he's doing is,
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但他正在做的是
12:45
he is putting forward an idea of how we engage in international relations that
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推出一個意念 ﹣如何參與國際關係
12:51
completely shifts the balance from the standard sort of north-south dialogue
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完全由一個標準南北對話的平衡
12:57
into a whole new way of global collaboration.
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轉移至一個新的全球性合作模式。
13:01
I would keep your eye on this fellow.
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我會建議你密切注意他。
13:04
Another example of this sort of second superpower thing
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另一個同類的第二超級大國事件例子是
13:07
is the rise of these games that are what we call "serious play."
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我們所謂嚴肅扮演的新興遊戲。
13:11
We're looking a lot at this. This is spreading everywhere.
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我們都對這作很多研究。這個已傳遍各地。
13:13
This is from "A Force More Powerful." It's a little screenshot.
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這來自「更強大的力量」。它是一張小截圖。
13:16
"A Force More Powerful" is a video game that,
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「更強大的力量」是一個電子遊戲。
13:18
while you're playing it, it teaches you how to engage
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當你玩的時候，它會教你如何
13:21
in non-violent insurrection and regime change. (Laughter)
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作出非暴力造反和政權變動。
13:23
Here's another one. This is from a game called "Food Force,"
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這是另一個遊戲。由「糧食力量」節錄出來。
13:26
which is a game that teaches children how to run a refugee camp.
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這個遊戲教導小朋友如何運作一個難民營。
13:30
These things are all contributing in a very dynamic way
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特別在發展中世界，
13:34
to a huge rise in, especially in the developing world,
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這一切交互作用大大提升了
13:39
in people's interest in and passion for democracy.
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人們對民主的興趣及熱誠。
13:42
We get so little news about the developing world
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我們有那麼少發展中世界的消息
13:45
that we often forget that there are literally
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以致我們忘記事實上
13:49
millions of people out there struggling to change things
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有數百萬人正為要把事情改變得
13:51
to be fairer, freer, more democratic, less corrupt.
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更公正、自由、更民主、少腐敗而在掙扎。
13:55
And, you know, we don't hear those stories enough.
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你知道嗎，那些故事我們還沒有聽得足夠，
13:57
But it's happening all over the place,
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但這些事情到處皆是。
13:59
and these tools are part of what's making it possible.
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而這些工具就是令事情可以發生的一部份。
14:01
Now when you add all those things together,
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當你把這一切加起來，
14:03
when you add together leapfrogging and new kinds of tools,
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當你加上躍進和新的工具，
14:05
you know, second superpower stuff, etc., what do you get?
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第二超級大國等等之東西，你會得到甚麼？
14:09
Well, very quickly, you get a Bright Green future for the developing world.
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很快地，你會為發展中世界得到艷綠色未來。
14:13
You get, for example, green power spread throughout the world.
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如綠色能源傳遍全球。
14:17
You get -- this is a building in Hyderabad, India.
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你會得到如在印度海得拉巴的一座建築物。
14:19
It's the greenest building in the world.
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它是世界上最環保的建築物。
14:21
You get grassroots solutions, things that work
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你會得到最基層的解決方案，為一些
14:23
for people who have no capital or limited access.
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沒有資金和只有有限度接觸的人都可行的方法。
14:25
You get barefoot solar engineers carrying solar panels into the remote mountains.
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你會有赤腳太陽能工程師拿著太陽能板到遙遠的山區。
14:29
You get access to distance medicine.
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你可得到遙遠的醫療支援。
14:31
These are Indian nurses learning how to use PDAs
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這是一些印度護士在學習使用PDA
14:34
to access databases that have information
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到數據庫拿取一些
14:36
that they don't have access to at home in a distant manner.
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在家中無法遠距取得的資料。
14:39
You get new tools for people in the developing world.
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為發展中世界你會得到新的工具。
14:42
These are LED lights that help the roughly billion people out there,
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這些發光二極體照明燈可幫助大約一億人。
14:46
for whom nightfall means darkness,
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為那些日落後便完全漆黑的人們
14:48
to have a new means of operating.
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增添運作的新方法。
14:50
These are refrigerators that require no electricity;
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這些雪櫃不需要電源。
14:53
they're pot within a pot design.
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他們都是壺中壺的設計。
14:55
And you get water solutions. Water's one of the most pressing problems.
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你又會得到飲水的解決方案。水是最要緊的問題之一。
14:58
Here's a design for harvesting rainwater that's super cheap
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這是一個極便宜收成雨水的設計，
15:00
and available to people in the developing world.
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而發展中世界的人民都可以取得。
15:02
Here's a design for distilling water using sunlight.
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這是一個用陽光蒸餾水的設計。
15:07
Here's a fog-catcher, which, if you live in a moist, jungle-like area,
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如過你住在一個森林似的潮濕地區，這捉霧器
15:12
will distill water from the air that's clean and drinkable.
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可以由空氣中蒸餾清潔和可飲用的水。
15:15
Here's a way of transporting water.
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這是一個運輸水的方法。
15:17
I just love this, you know -- I mean carrying water is such a drag,
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我很愛這個。運水是一件很困難的事。
15:20
and somebody just came up with the idea of well, what if you rolled it. Right?
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有人就發明了一個意念把它在地上滾動。
15:23
I mean, that's a great design.
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看，這是一個很棒的設計。
15:25
This is a fabulous invention, LifeStraw.
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生命吸管 ﹣是一個很了不起的發明。
15:28
Basically you can suck any water through this
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基本上你可以透過這吸管抽入任何水，
15:31
and it will become drinkable by the time it hits your lips.
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當水到你的唇邊的時候便是可以飲用。
15:34
So, you know, people who are in desperate straits can get this.
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所以，在污染水道附近的居民便可以用這。
15:37
This is one of my favorite Worldchanging kinds of things ever.
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這是我最喜愛的 Worldchanging 東西之一。
15:40
This is a merry-go-round invented by the company Roundabout,
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由一間公司 Roundabout 發明的旋轉木馬。
15:43
which pumps water as kids play. You know?
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當小朋友在玩耍的時候,它會泵水。
15:48
Seriously -- give that one a hand, it's pretty great.
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真的。給它一個鼓掌。它是一個好主意。
15:51
And the same thing is true for people who are in absolute crisis. Right?
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同樣的事情可以發生在身處於絕對危機的人。
15:55
We're expecting to have upwards of 200 million refugees by the year 2020
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由於氣候轉變及政治不穩定，
15:59
because of climate change and political instability.
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我們預算難民數字會於2020年上升二億人。
16:01
How do we help people like that?
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我們怎樣可以幫助這些人呢？
16:03
Well, there's all sorts of amazing new humanitarian designs
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現在有多款驚人的新人道主義設計
16:05
that are being developed in collaborative ways all across the planet.
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正在地球不同地方聯手研發中。
16:08
Some of those designs include models for acting,
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有些設計包括行動模式，
16:11
such as new models for village instruction in the middle of refugee camps.
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例如在難民營中使用新的村落指示模式，
16:14
New models for pedagogy for the displaced.
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對於那流離失所的是新的模式。
16:17
And we have new tools.
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同時我們亦有新的工具。
16:19
This is one of my absolute favorite things anywhere.
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這是我其中一個無論到那裏都是絕對至愛的。
16:21
Does anyone know what this is?
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有人知道這是甚麼嗎？
16:23
Audience: It detects landmines.
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觀眾：他能探測地雷。
16:24
Alex Steffen: Exactly, this is a landmine-detecting flower.
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無錯，這是一種探測地雷的花。
16:28
If you are living in one of the places
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如果你住在那些佈以約千萬計
16:30
where the roughly half-billion unaccounted for mines are scattered,
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地點不詳的地雷的地方，
16:33
you can fling these seeds out into the field.
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你可以在野外撒下種子。
16:36
And as they grow up, they will grow up around the mines,
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當他們長大時，他們會在地雷附近生長。
16:40
their roots will detect the chemicals in them,
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這些植物的根會探測到地雷的化學物。
16:43
and where the flowers turn red you don't step.
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當花變成紅色你便不要走到那裏。
16:48
Yeah, so seeds that could save your life. You know?
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是的，種子會拯救你的生命。
16:52
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
16:53
I also love it because it seems to me
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我也喜愛這個方法的原因是
16:55
that the example, the tools we use to change the world,
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這個例子 ﹣我們用作改變世界的工具 ﹣
17:01
ought to be beautiful in themselves.
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他們自身應該是美麗的。
17:04
You know, that it's not just enough to survive.
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單單生存是不足夠。
17:06
We've got to make something better than what we've got.
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我們必須要把有的變得更好。
17:10
And I think that we will.
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而我相信我們會做到。
17:13
Just to wrap up, in the immortal words of H.G. Wells,
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以赫伯特．喬治．威爾斯不朽之詞作為結尾，
17:16
I think that better things are on the way.
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我認為更好的正在途中。
17:18
I think that, in fact, that "all of the past is but the beginning of a beginning.
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我認為：「所有的過去其實是開始的起點。
17:22
All that the human mind has accomplished
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所有人類思想做到的
17:24
is but the dream before the awakening."
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其實是喚醒前的夢想。」
17:26
I hope that that turns out to be true.
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我希望最後那會變成真實。
17:29
The people in this room have given me more confidence than ever that it will.
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所有在座的人都給予了我前所未有的信心。
17:32
Thank you very much.
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多謝各位。
17:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alex Steffen - Planetary futuristAlex Steffen explores our planet's future, telling powerful, inspiring stories about the hard choices facing humanity ... and our opportunity to create a much better tomorrow.
Why you should listen
Do you ever wonder whether we should be optimistic or pessimistic about the future? If you want more reasons to think things may still turn out for the better, Alex Steffen's your man. He doesn't downplay the scope and scale of the problems we face. Instead, he shows that we have the tools within our grasp for meeting those massive challenges, if we have the will to use them.
This isn't just hopeful thinking, either. Steffen uses real-world examples and big-picture research to show us that a brighter, greener future is ours to choose, and his work has earned him the ear of leading cities, corporations and philanthropic foundations. As the New York Times said a recent profile, "Alex Steffen lays out the blueprint for a successful century."
After working as a journalist on four continents, Steffen co-founded and ran the online magazine Worldchanging.com from 2003-2010. In those seven years, he made Worldchanging one of the world's leading sustainability-related publications with an archive of almost 12,000 articles and a large global audience. He also edited an internationally best-selling book surveying innovative solutions to the planet's most pressing problems: Worldchanging: A User's Guide for the 21st Century.
His most recent work is Carbon Zero, a book describing cities that create prosperity not climate change, accelerating their economies while reducing their climate emissions to zero. He is now at work on a new book and a television project. "The big open secret about sustainability work," he recently told Design Observer magazine, 'is not how bad things are. It is how good things can get."
Alex Steffen | Speaker | TED.com