ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Mikko Hypponen: Fighting viruses, defending the net

Mikko Hypponen: Borba protiv virusa, obrana mreže

Filmed:
1,847,520 views

Prošlo je 25 godina otkako je prvi virus za PC (Brain A) došao na mrežu, a ono što je nekad bila samo smetnja sada je sofisticiran alat kriminala i špijunaže. Stručnjak za računalnu sigurnost, Mikko Hyppönen objašnjava kako možemo spriječiti ove nove viruse koji ugrožavaju internet kakvim ga poznajemo.
- Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I love the InternetInternet.
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Ja volim internet.
00:18
It's truepravi.
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Zaista.
00:20
Think about everything it has broughtdonio us.
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Razmislite o svemu što nam je donio.
00:22
Think about all the servicesusluge we use,
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Razmislite kolike usluge koristimo,
00:25
all the connectivityPovezivanje,
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kako smo povezani,
00:27
all the entertainmentZabava,
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kako se zabavljamo,
00:29
all the businessPoslovni, all the commercetrgovina.
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koliko se poslova i trgovine na internetu obavi.
00:32
And it's happeningdogađa duringza vrijeme our lifetimesvijekom trajanja.
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A sve to se događa tijekom našeg životnog vijeka.
00:35
I'm prettyprilično sure that one day
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Siguran sam da će jednog dana,
00:38
we'lldobro be writingpisanje historypovijest booksknjige
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stoljećima nakon nas,
00:40
hundredsstotine of yearsgodina from now. This time
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o ovome pisati u povijesnim knjigama.
00:43
our generationgeneracija will be rememberedsjetio
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Naša generacija bit će upamćena
00:46
as the generationgeneracija that got onlinena liniji,
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kao generacija koja je krenula online,
00:49
the generationgeneracija
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generacija
00:51
that builtizgrađen something really and trulyuistinu globalglobalno.
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koja je stvorila nešto zaista globalno.
00:54
But yes, it's alsotakođer truepravi
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No, također je istina
00:57
that the InternetInternet has problemsproblemi, very seriousozbiljan problemsproblemi,
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i da internet ima problema, vrlo ozbiljnih problema,
01:00
problemsproblemi with securitysigurnosti
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sigurnosnih problema
01:03
and problemsproblemi with privacyprivatnost.
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te problema sa zaštitom privatnosti.
01:06
I've spentpotrošen my careerkarijera
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Proveo sam čitav svoj radni vijek
01:08
fightingborba these problemsproblemi.
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boreći se s tim problemima.
01:11
So let me showpokazati you something.
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Pokazao bih vam nešto.
01:15
This here
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Ovo ovdje
01:17
is BrainMozak.
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je Brain (mozak).
01:19
This is a floppydiskete diskdiska
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Ovo je disketa
01:21
-- fivepet and a quarter-inchprobija floppydiskete diskdiska
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-- 5¼-inčna disketa
01:23
infectedzaražen by BrainMozak.A.
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zaražena virusom Brain.A.
01:25
It's the first virusvirus we ever foundpronađeno
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To je prvi ikad pronađeni virus
01:27
for PCPC computersračunala.
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za osobna računala.
01:30
And we actuallyzapravo know
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Znamo čak
01:32
where BrainMozak camedošao from.
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i odakle je Brain stigao.
01:34
We know because it sayskaže so
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Znamo jer to piše
01:36
insideiznutra the codekodirati.
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unutar koda.
01:38
Let's take a look.
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Pogledajmo.
01:45
All right.
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U redu.
01:48
That's the bootčizma sectorsektor of an infectedzaražen floppydiskete,
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Ovo je početni sektor zaražene diskete
01:51
and if we take a closerbliže look insideiznutra,
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pa ako pogledamo pažljivije,
01:54
we'lldobro see that right there,
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vidjet ćemo da upravo ovdje
01:56
it sayskaže, "WelcomeDobrodošli to the dungeontamnica."
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piše: "Dobrodošli u tamnicu."
02:00
And then it continuesnastavlja,
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A u nastavku,
02:02
sayingizreka, 1986, BasitBasit and AmjadAmjad.
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1986., Basit i Amjad.
02:05
And BasitBasit and AmjadAmjad are first namesimena,
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Basit i Amjad su imena,
02:08
PakistaniPakistanski first namesimena.
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pakistanska imena.
02:10
In factčinjenica, there's a phonetelefon numberbroj and an addressadresa in PakistanPakistan.
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Zapravo, ovdje su i telefonski broj i adresa u Pakistanu.
02:13
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
02:18
Now, 1986.
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Dakle, 1986. godine.
02:21
Now it's 2011.
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A sada je 2011.
02:23
That's 25 yearsgodina agoprije.
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To je bilo prije 25 godina.
02:25
The PCPC virusvirus problemproblem is 25 yearsgodina oldstar now.
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Problem s virusima za PC traje već 25 godina.
02:29
So halfpola a yeargodina agoprije,
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Stoga sam prije pola godine
02:31
I decidedodlučio to go to PakistanPakistan myselfsebe.
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i sam odlučio otići u Pakistan.
02:34
So let's see, here'sevo a couplepar of photosfotografije I tookuzeo while I was in PakistanPakistan.
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Ovdje vidite nekoliko fotografija koje sam ondje snimio.
02:37
This is from the cityGrad of LahoreLahore,
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Ovo je grad Lahore,
02:39
whichkoji is around 300 kilometerskilometara southjug
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oko 300 km južno
02:41
from AbbottabadAbbottabad, where BinRegalno skladište LadenNatovaren was caughtzatečen.
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od Abbottabada, gdje je uhvaćen Bin Laden.
02:44
Here'sOvdje je a typicaltipičan streetulica viewpogled.
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Ovo je tipičan prizor s ulice.
02:47
And here'sevo the streetulica or roadcesta leadingvodeći to this buildingzgrada,
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Ovdje vidimo ulicu i cestu koje vode do ove zgrade,
02:50
whichkoji is 730 NizamNizam blockblok at AllamaAllama IqbalSandro TownGrad.
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na adresi Nizam blok 730 u Allama Iqbalu.
02:54
And I knockedpokucao on the doorvrata.
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Pokucao sam na vrata.
02:56
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
02:58
You want to guessnagađati who openedotvori the doorvrata?
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Hoćete pogoditi tko ih je otvorio?
03:00
BasitBasit and AmjadAmjad; they are still there.
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Basit i Amjad. Oni su još uvijek ondje.
03:02
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
03:04
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
03:08
So here standingstajati up is BasitBasit.
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Čovjek koji stoji je Basit.
03:11
SittingSjedi down is his brotherbrat AmjadAmjad.
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Njegov brat Amjad sjedi.
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These are the guys who wrotenapisao the first PCPC virusvirus.
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To su momci koji su napisali prvi virus za PC.
03:17
Now of coursenaravno, we had a very interestingzanimljiv discussionrasprava.
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Naravno, uslijedila je vrlo zanimljiva rasprava.
03:20
I askedpitao them why.
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Upitao sam ih zašto.
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I askedpitao them how they feel about what they startedpočeo.
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Pitao sam ih za njihovo mišljenje o tome što su započeli.
03:25
And I got some sortvrsta of satisfactionzadovoljstvo
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A osjetio sam i određeno zadovoljstvo
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from learningučenje that bothoba BasitBasit and AmjadAmjad
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kad sam saznao da su i Basitu i Amjadu
03:31
had had theirnjihov computersračunala infectedzaražen dozensdesetine of timesputa
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tijekom godina računala bila zaražena desecima puta
03:34
by completelypotpuno unrelatednepovezan other virusesvirusi
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virusima s kojima njih dvojica
03:36
over these yearsgodina.
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nisu imali nikakve veze.
03:38
So there is some sortvrsta of justicepravda
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Stoga ipak postoji neka pravda
03:40
in the worldsvijet after all.
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na ovome svijetu.
03:44
Now, the virusesvirusi that we used to see
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Virusi koje smo viđali
03:46
in the 1980s and 1990s
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u 80-ima i 90-ima
03:48
obviouslyočito are not a problemproblem any more.
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očito više nisu problem.
03:51
So let me just showpokazati you a couplepar of examplesprimjeri
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Pokazao bih vam nekoliko primjera
03:53
of what they used to look like.
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kako su prije izgledali.
03:55
What I'm runningtrčanje here
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Ovdje imam sustav
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is a systemsistem that enablesomogućuje me
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koji mi omogućuje
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to runtrčanje age-oldjednogodišnji programsprogrami on a modernmoderan computerračunalo.
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pokretanje starih programa na modernom računalu.
04:02
So let me just mountmontiranje some drivesdiskovi. Go over there.
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Samo da podignem neke pogone.
04:05
What we have here is a listpopis of oldstar virusesvirusi.
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Ovo je popis starih virusa.
04:08
So let me just runtrčanje some virusesvirusi on my computerračunalo.
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Pokrenut ću ih nekoliko na svojem računalu.
04:11
For exampleprimjer,
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Primjerice,
04:13
let's go with the CentipedeStonoga virusvirus first.
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počnimo sa virusom Centipede (stonoga).
04:15
And you can see at the topvrh of the screenzaslon,
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Pri vrhu zaslona možete vidjeti
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there's a centipedestonoga scrollingpomicanje acrosspreko your computerračunalo
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stonogu koja se kreće po vašem računalu
04:19
when you get infectedzaražen by this one.
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ako se zarazite ovim virusom.
04:21
You know that you're infectedzaražen
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Znate da ste se zarazili
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because it actuallyzapravo showspokazuje up.
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jer se nešto pojavi na zaslonu.
04:25
Here'sOvdje je anotherjoš one. This is the virusvirus calledzvao CrashSudar,
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Ovo je drugi primjer. Virus zvan Crash (pad sustava),
04:28
inventedizumio in RussiaRusija in 1992.
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stvoren 1992. u Rusiji.
04:30
Let me showpokazati you one whichkoji actuallyzapravo makesmarke some soundzvuk.
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Pokazat ću vam jedan koji čak i proizvodi zvuk.
04:34
(SirenSirena noisebuka)
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(Zvuk sirene)
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And the last exampleprimjer,
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I posljednji primjer,
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guessnagađati what the WalkerWalker virusvirus does?
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pogodite što radi virus Walker (šetač).
04:44
Yes, there's a guy walkinghodanje acrosspreko your screenzaslon
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Da, prikazuje čovjeka koji hoda po zaslonu
04:46
oncejednom you get infectedzaražen.
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kad se zarazite ovim virusom.
04:48
So it used to be fairlypošteno easylako to know
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Prije je bilo relativno jednostavno znati
04:51
that you're infectedzaražen by a virusvirus,
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da ste se zarazili virusom,
04:54
when the virusesvirusi were writtennapisan by hobbyistshobisti
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jer su viruse pisali hobisti
04:56
and teenagerstinejdžeri.
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i tinejdžeri.
04:58
TodayDanas, they are no longerviše beingbiće writtennapisan
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Danas, viruse više ne pišu
05:00
by hobbyistshobisti and teenagerstinejdžeri.
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hobisti i tinejdžeri.
05:02
TodayDanas, virusesvirusi are a globalglobalno problemproblem.
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Danas su virusi svjetski problem.
05:05
What we have here in the backgroundpozadina
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Ovdje u pozadini možete vidjeti
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is an exampleprimjer of our systemssustavi that we runtrčanje in our labslaboratoriji,
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primjer sustava u našim laboratorijima
05:10
where we trackstaza virusvirus infectionsinfekcije worldwideširom svijeta.
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gdje pratimo virusne infekcije na svjetskoj razini.
05:12
So we can actuallyzapravo see in realstvaran time
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Tako možemo istog trenutka vidjeti
05:14
that we'veimamo just blockedblokiran virusesvirusi in SwedenŠvedska and TaiwanTajvan
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da smo upravo blokirali neke viruse u Švedskoj i Tajvanu,
05:17
and RussiaRusija and elsewheredrugdje.
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Rusiji i na drugim mjestima.
05:19
In factčinjenica, if I just connectSpojiti back to our lablaboratorija systemssustavi
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Zapravo, ako se spojim s našim laboratorijskim sustavom
05:22
throughkroz the WebWeb,
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preko interneta,
05:24
we can see in realstvaran time
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možemo steći predodžbu
05:26
just some kindljubazan of ideaideja of how manymnogi virusesvirusi,
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koliko zapravo virusa
05:29
how manymnogi newnovi examplesprimjeri of malwarezlonamjerni softver we find everysvaki singlesingl day.
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i koliko primjeraka malicioznih programa pronalazimo svakog dana.
05:32
Here'sOvdje je the latestnajnoviji virusvirus we'veimamo foundpronađeno,
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Evo posljednjeg virusa koji smo našli,
05:34
in a filedatoteka calledzvao ServerPoslužitelj.exeexe.
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u datoteci pod imenom Server.exe.
05:36
And we foundpronađeno it right over here threetri secondssekundi agoprije --
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Našli smo ga, vidimo, prije tri sekunde --
05:39
the previousprijašnji one, sixšest secondssekundi agoprije.
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a prethodnoga prije šest sekundi.
05:41
And if we just scrollsvitak around,
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Ako bacimo pogled uokolo,
05:44
it's just massivemasivan.
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vidi se koliki je to popis.
05:46
We find tensdeseci of thousandstisuća, even hundredsstotine of thousandstisuća.
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Pronalazimo na desetke, čak i stotine tisuća virusa.
05:49
And that's the last 20 minutesminuta of malwarezlonamjerni softver
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A to je samo prikaz zadnjih 20 minuta.
05:52
everysvaki singlesingl day.
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I tako dan za danom.
05:54
So where are all these comingdolazak from then?
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Odakle, onda, dolaze svi ti virusi?
05:57
Well todaydanas, it's the organizedorganizirani criminalkriminalac gangsbande
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Danas organizirane kriminalne skupine
06:01
writingpisanje these virusesvirusi
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pišu ove viruse
06:03
because they make moneynovac with theirnjihov virusesvirusi.
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zato što tako zarađuju novac.
06:05
It's gangsbande like --
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To su bande poput --
06:07
let's go to GangstaBucksGangstaBucks.comcom.
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idemo na GangstaBucks.com.
06:10
This is a websiteweb stranica operatingradni in MoscowMoskva
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Ovo je web stranica koja se nalazi u Moskvi
06:13
where these guys are buyingkupovina infectedzaražen computersračunala.
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i gdje ti ljudi kupuju zaražena računala.
06:17
So if you are a virusvirus writerpisac
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Pa ako ste pisac virusa
06:19
and you're capablesposoban of infectingzaraza WindowsWindows computersračunala,
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i možete zaraziti računala koja imaju Windowse,
06:21
but you don't know what to do with them,
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ali ne znate što s njima učiniti,
06:23
you can sellprodavati those infectedzaražen computersračunala --
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možete prodati ta zaražena računala --
06:25
somebodyneko else'sdrugo je computersračunala -- to these guys.
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tuđa računala -- ovim ljudima.
06:27
And they'lloni će actuallyzapravo payplatiti you moneynovac for those computersračunala.
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I oni će vam zaista platiti za ta računala.
06:31
So how do these guys then monetizeostvaruju
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Pa kako onda ti ljudi unovče
06:34
those infectedzaražen computersračunala?
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sva ta zaražena računala?
06:36
Well there's multiplevišekratnik differentdrugačiji waysnačine,
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Na nekoliko različitih načina,
06:38
suchtakav as bankingbankarstvo trojansizdržljiv čovjek, whichkoji will stealukrasti moneynovac from your onlinena liniji bankingbankarstvo accountsračuni
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npr. bankovnim trojancima, koji kradu novac s vaših online bankovnih računa
06:41
when you do onlinena liniji bankingbankarstvo,
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dok vi koristite internet bankarstvo,
06:44
or keyloggerskeyloggers.
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ili putem keyloggera.
06:47
KeyloggersKeyloggers silentlyTiho sitsjediti on your computerračunalo, hiddenskriven from viewpogled,
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Keyloggeri sjede skriveni na vašem računalu
06:51
and they recordsnimiti everything you typetip.
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i snimaju sve što tipkate.
06:54
So you're sittingsjedenje on your computerračunalo and you're doing GoogleGoogle searchespretraživanja.
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Dok vi sjedite za računalom i pretražujete putem Googlea.
06:57
EverySvaki singlesingl GoogleGoogle searchtraži you typetip
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Svaka pretraga koju unesete na Googleu
06:59
is savedspremaju and sentposlao to the criminalskriminalci.
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sačuvana je i šalje se kriminalcima.
07:02
EverySvaki singlesingl emaile you writepisati is savedspremaju and sentposlao to the criminalskriminalci.
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Svaki e-mail koji napišete sačuvan je i šalje se kriminalcima.
07:05
SameIsti thing with everysvaki singlesingl passwordlozinku and so on.
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Isto je i sa svim zaporkama i slično.
07:09
But the thing that they're actuallyzapravo looking for mostnajviše
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Ali ono što prvenstveno traže
07:11
are sessionssjednice where you go onlinena liniji
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zbiva se kad odete online
07:13
and do onlinena liniji purchaseskupi in any onlinena liniji storedućan.
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i kupujete online u internetskim trgovinama.
07:16
Because when you do purchaseskupi in onlinena liniji storestrgovinama,
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Zato što, kad kupujete online,
07:18
you will be typingkucanje in your nameime, the deliverydostava addressadresa,
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unosite svoje ime, adresu za dostavu,
07:21
your creditKreditna cardkartica numberbroj and the creditKreditna cardkartica securitysigurnosti codesšifre.
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broj kreditne kartice i sigurnosne kodove.
07:24
And here'sevo an exampleprimjer of a filedatoteka
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Ovo je primjerak datoteke
07:26
we foundpronađeno from a serverposlužitelj a couplepar of weeksTjedni agoprije.
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koju smo našli na jednom serveru prije nekoliko tjedana.
07:28
That's the creditKreditna cardkartica numberbroj,
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Ovo je broj kreditne kartice,
07:30
that's the expirationisteka datedatum, that's the securitysigurnosti codekodirati,
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datum isteka valjanosti, sigurnosni kod
07:32
and that's the nameime of the ownervlasnik of the cardkartica.
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i ime vlasnika kartice.
07:34
OnceJednom you gaindobit accesspristup to other people'snarodno creditKreditna cardkartica informationinformacija,
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Jednom kad steknete pristup podacima s tuđih kreditnih kartica,
07:37
you can just go onlinena liniji and buykupiti whateveršto god you want
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možete lako otići online i kupovati što god želite
07:39
with this informationinformacija.
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koristeći te informacije.
07:42
And that, obviouslyočito, is a problemproblem.
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A to je, dakako, velik problem.
07:44
We now have a wholečitav undergroundpodzemlje marketplacetržište
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Danas postoji čitavo crno tržište
07:48
and businessPoslovni ecosystemekosustav
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i poslovno okruženje
07:51
builtizgrađen around onlinena liniji crimekriminal.
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sagrađeno oko online kriminala.
07:54
One exampleprimjer of how these guys
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Još jedan primjer kako ti ljudi
07:56
actuallyzapravo are capablesposoban of monetizingzarade theirnjihov operationsoperacije:
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mogu unovčiti svoje kriminalne radnje:
07:59
we go and have a look at the pagesstranica of INTERPOLINTERPOL
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idemo na stranice Interpola
08:02
and searchtraži for wanted personsosobe.
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i pogledat ćemo koje su tražene osobe.
08:04
We find guys like BjornBjorn SundinSundin, originallyizvorno from SwedenŠvedska,
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Tu je Bjorn Sundin, porijeklom iz Švedske,
08:07
and his partnerpartner in crimekriminal,
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i njegov kriminalni partner,
08:09
alsotakođer listedpopisu on the INTERPOLINTERPOL wanted pagesstranica,
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također naveden na Interpolovoj stranici.
08:11
MrG.. ShaileshkumarShaileshkumar JainJurić,
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g. Shaileshkumar Jain,
08:13
a U.S. citizengrađanin.
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građanin SAD-a.
08:15
These guys were runningtrčanje an operationoperacija calledzvao I.M.U.,
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Ti su ljudi vodili kriminalnu operaciju zvanu I.M.U.,
08:18
a cybercrimeračunalni kriminal operationoperacija throughkroz whichkoji they nettedputa millionsmilijuni.
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cybercrime operaciju kroz koju su izvukli milijune.
08:21
They are bothoba right now on the runtrčanje.
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Obojica su trenutačno u bijegu.
08:24
NobodyNitko ne knowszna where they are.
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Nitko ne zna gdje se nalaze.
08:26
U.S. officialsDužnosnici, just a couplepar of weeksTjedni agoprije,
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Američke su vlasti prije nekoliko tjedana
08:28
frozesmrznuti se a SwissŠvicarski bankbanka accountračun
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zamrznule sredstva na švicarskom bankovnom računu
08:30
belongingpripadnosti to MrG.. JainJurić,
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koji je pripadao g. Jainu,
08:32
and that bankbanka accountračun had 14.9 millionmilijuna U.S. dollarsdolara on it.
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i na kojem se nalazilo 14,9 milijuna američkih dolara.
08:36
So the amountiznos of moneynovac onlinena liniji crimekriminal generatesgenerira
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Vidimo da su novčani iznosi koje stvara online kriminal
08:39
is significantznačajan.
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zaista značajni.
08:41
And that meanssredstva that the onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci
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To znači da si online kriminalci
08:43
can actuallyzapravo affordpriuštiti to investInvestirati into theirnjihov attacksnapadi.
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mogu priuštiti i ulaganje u svoje napade.
08:46
We know that onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci
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Znamo da online kriminalci
08:48
are hiringzapošljavanje programmersprogramera, hiringzapošljavanje testingtestiranje people,
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zapošljavaju programere, ljude za testiranje,
08:51
testingtestiranje theirnjihov codekodirati,
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ispituju kvalitetu svog koda,
08:53
havingima back-endpozadinsku systemssustavi with SQLSQL databasesbaza podataka.
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imaju infrastrukturu s bazama podataka SQL.
08:56
And they can affordpriuštiti to watch how we work --
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Oni si mogu priuštiti promatrati nas kako radimo --
08:59
like how securitysigurnosti people work --
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kako radi sigurnosno osoblje --
09:01
and try to work theirnjihov way around
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i onda zaobići
09:03
any securitysigurnosti precautionsMjere opreza we can buildizgraditi.
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sve sigurnosne mehanizme koje mi postavimo.
09:05
They alsotakođer use the globalglobalno naturepriroda of InternetInternet
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Oni koriste globalnost interneta
09:08
to theirnjihov advantageprednost.
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u svoju korist.
09:10
I mean, the InternetInternet is internationalmeđunarodna.
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Internet jest međunarodan.
09:12
That's why we call it the InternetInternet.
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Zato ga i zovemo internet.
09:14
And if you just go and take a look
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Pa ako samo pogledate
09:16
at what's happeningdogađa in the onlinena liniji worldsvijet,
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što se to događa u online svijetu,
09:19
here'sevo a videovideo builtizgrađen by ClarifiedPojasnio NetworksMreža,
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ovaj video Clarified Networksa
09:21
whichkoji illustratesilustrira how one singlesingl malwarezlonamjerni softver familyobitelj is ableu stanju to movepotez around the worldsvijet.
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pokazuje kako se pojedina skupina malicioznog koda kreće svijetom.
09:25
This operationoperacija, believedvjerovao to be originallyizvorno from EstoniaEstonija,
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Ova operacija, izvorno pokrenuta u Estoniji,
09:28
movespotezi around from one countryzemlja to anotherjoš
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kreće se od države do države,
09:30
as soonuskoro as the websiteweb stranica is triedpokušala to shutzatvoriti down.
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čim vlasti pokušaju ugasiti web stranicu.
09:32
So you just can't shutzatvoriti these guys down.
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Dakle, ove se ljude ne može tek tako zaustaviti.
09:35
They will switchprekidač from one countryzemlja to anotherjoš,
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Oni će promijeniti državu,
09:37
from one jurisdictionnadležnost to anotherjoš --
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prijeći iz jedne jurisdikcije u drugu --
09:39
movingkreće around the worldsvijet,
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kretati se svijetom,
09:41
usingkoristeći the factčinjenica that we don't have the capabilitysposobnost
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koristeći činjenicu da mi nemamo mogućnosti
09:43
to globallyglobalno policepolicija operationsoperacije like this.
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raditi globalne policijske operacije poput ovih.
09:46
So the InternetInternet is as if
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Dakle, uporabom interneta
09:48
someonenetko would have givendan freebesplatno planeavion ticketsulaznice
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kao da je netko dao besplatne zrakoplovne karte
09:50
to all the onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci of the worldsvijet.
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svim online kriminalcima svijeta.
09:53
Now, criminalskriminalci who weren'tnisu capablesposoban of reachingdostizanje us before
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Sada smo u dosegu kriminalaca koji
09:56
can reachdohvatiti us.
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prije nisu mogli do nas.
09:58
So how do you actuallyzapravo go around findingnalaz onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci?
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Pa kako onda pronalazimo online kriminalce?
10:01
How do you actuallyzapravo trackstaza them down?
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Kako im ulazimo u trag?
10:03
Let me give you an exampleprimjer.
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Pokazat ću vam na primjeru.
10:05
What we have here is one exploitiskorištavati filedatoteka.
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Ovdje imamo jednu inficiranu datoteku.
10:08
Here, I'm looking at the HexHex dumpistovariti of an imageslika filedatoteka,
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Ovdje promatramo heksadecimalni sadržaj slikovne datoteke
10:12
whichkoji containssadrži an exploitiskorištavati.
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koja sadrži tu infekciju.
10:14
And that basicallyu osnovi meanssredstva, if you're tryingtežak to viewpogled this imageslika filedatoteka on your WindowsWindows computerračunalo,
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A to zapravo znači da, ako pokušate otvoriti tu slikovnu datoteku na svojem računalu s Windowsima,
10:17
it actuallyzapravo takes over your computerračunalo and runsradi codekodirati.
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ona bi preuzela vaše računalo i pokrenula neki kod.
10:20
Now, if you'llvi ćete take a look at this imageslika filedatoteka --
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Pogledajmo zato tu slikovnu datoteku --
10:23
well there's the imageslika headerZaglavlje,
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ovo je zaglavlje datoteke,
10:25
and there the actualstvaran codekodirati of the attacknapad startspočinje.
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a ovo je kod kojim napad zapravo počinje.
10:28
And that codekodirati has been encryptedšifriranje,
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A taj je kod kriptiran
10:30
so let's decryptraskrivanje it.
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pa ćemo ga dekriptirati.
10:32
It has been encryptedšifriranje with XORXOR functionfunkcija 97.
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Enkriptiran je XOR funkcijom 97.
10:34
You just have to believe me,
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Morat ćete mi vjerovati na riječ,
10:36
it is, it is.
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zaista je tako.
10:38
And we can go here
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Možemo krenuti od ove točke
10:40
and actuallyzapravo startpočetak decryptingdekriptiranje it.
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i početi se dekripcijom.
10:42
Well the yellowžuta boja partdio of the codekodirati is now decryptedraskrivanje.
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Žuto označen dio koda sada je dekriptiran.
10:44
And I know, it doesn't really look much differentdrugačiji from the originalizvornik.
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I znam, ne izgleda toliko različito od izvornika.
10:47
But just keep staringzurenje at it.
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Ali samo ga promotrite.
10:49
You'llVi ćete actuallyzapravo see that down here
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Vidjet ćete da tu dolje
10:51
you can see a WebWeb addressadresa:
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možemo vidjeti web adresu:
10:53
unionseekunionseek.comcom/d/iooIoo.exeexe
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unionseek.com/d/ioo.exe.
10:59
And when you viewpogled this imageslika on your computerračunalo
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Kad učitate ovu sliku na računalu,
11:01
it actuallyzapravo is going to downloadpreuzimanje datoteka and runtrčanje that programprogram.
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taj će se program snimiti s interneta i pokrenuti.
11:03
And that's a backdoorbackdoor whichkoji will take over your computerračunalo.
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A to je backdoor koji će preuzeti vaše računalo.
11:06
But even more interestinglyzanimljivo,
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No, što je još zanimljivije,
11:08
if we continuenastaviti decryptingdekriptiranje,
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ako nastavimo dekripciju,
11:10
we'lldobro find this mysteriousmisteriozan stringniz,
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naći ćemo ovaj tajanstveni niz znakova,
11:12
whichkoji sayskaže O600KOKO78RUSRUS.
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gdje stoji O600KO78RUS.
11:17
That codekodirati is there underneathispod the encryptionšifriranje
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Taj je kod pod enkripcijom
11:19
as some sortvrsta of a signaturepotpis.
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kao neka vrsta potpisa.
11:21
It's not used for anything.
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Nema neku posebnu svrhu.
11:23
And I was looking at that, tryingtežak to figurelik out what it meanssredstva.
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Ja sam gledao u to, pokušavajući shvatiti značenje.
11:26
So obviouslyočito I GoogledGoogled for it.
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Naravno, pretražio sam Google.
11:28
I got zeronula hitshitovi; wasn'tnije there.
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Dobio sam 0 rezultata.
11:30
So I spokegovorio with the guys at the lablaboratorija.
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Pa sam popričao s momcima u našem laboratoriju.
11:32
And we have a couplepar of Russianruski guys in our labslaboratoriji,
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Imamo nekoliko Rusa u našim laboratorijima,
11:34
and one of them mentionedspominje,
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i jedan od njih spomenuo je
11:36
well, it endskrajevi in RUSRUS like RussiaRusija.
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kako taj niz završava na RUS, kao Rusija.
11:38
And 78 is the cityGrad codekodirati
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A 78 je pozivni broj
11:40
for the cityGrad of StSt. PetersburgPetersburg.
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za Sankt Peterburg.
11:42
For exampleprimjer, you can find it from some phonetelefon numbersbrojevi
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To je predbroj koji možete naći npr. u telefonskim brojevima
11:44
and carautomobil licenselicenca platesploče and stuffstvari like that.
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ili automobilskim tablicama i slično.
11:47
So I wentotišao looking for contactskontakti in StSt. PetersburgPetersburg,
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Stoga sam kontaktirao neke ljude u Sankt Peterburgu
11:50
and throughkroz a long roadcesta,
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i nakon duge potrage,
11:52
we eventuallyeventualno foundpronađeno this one particularposebno websiteweb stranica.
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na kraju smo pronašli određenu web stranicu.
11:56
Here'sOvdje je this Russianruski guy who'stko je been operatingradni onlinena liniji for a numberbroj of yearsgodina
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Riječ je o Rusu koji već više godina radi online,
11:59
who runsradi his ownvlastiti websiteweb stranica,
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ima svoju vlastitu web stranicu
12:01
and he runsradi a blogblog underpod the popularpopularan LiveŽivjeti JournalČasopis.
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i blog na popularnom Live Journalu.
12:04
And on this blogblog, he blogsblogovi about his life,
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Na tom blogu piše o svom životu,
12:06
about his life in StSt. PetersburgPetersburg --
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životu u Sankt Peterburgu --
12:08
he's in his earlyrano 20s --
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ima dvadesetak godina --
12:10
about his catmačka,
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o svom mačku,
12:12
about his girlfrienddjevojka.
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o svojoj djevojci.
12:14
And he drivesdiskovi a very nicelijepo carautomobil.
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Vozi vrlo lijep automobil.
12:16
In factčinjenica, this guy drivesdiskovi
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Zapravo, ovaj mladić vozi
12:19
a Mercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz S600
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Mercedes-Benz S600
12:21
V12
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V12
12:23
with a six-literšest-litarski enginemotor
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sa 6-litarskim motorom
12:25
with more than 400 horsepowerkonjska snaga.
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i s preko 400 konjskih snaga.
12:27
Now that's a nicelijepo carautomobil for a 20-something-nešto year-oldgodina kiddijete in StSt. PetersburgPetersburg.
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To je odličan automobil za jednog 20-godišnjaka iz Sankt Peterburga.
12:31
How do I know about this carautomobil?
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Kako znam koji automobil vozi?
12:33
Because he bloggedblogged about the carautomobil.
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Pisao je o njemu na svom blogu.
12:35
He actuallyzapravo had a carautomobil accidentnesreća.
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Imao je prometnu nesreću.
12:37
In downtownu centru grada StSt. PetersburgPetersburg,
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U središtu Sankt Peterburga,
12:39
he actuallyzapravo crashedsrušio his carautomobil into anotherjoš carautomobil.
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sudario sa s drugim vozilom.
12:41
And he put bloggedblogged imagesslika about the carautomobil accidentnesreća --
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Zatim je postavio fotografije nesreće na svoj blog --
12:43
that's his MercedesMercedes --
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ovo je njegov Mercedes --
12:45
right here is the LadaLada SamaraSamara he crashedsrušio into.
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ovo je Lada Samara s kojom se sudario.
12:49
And you can actuallyzapravo see that the licenselicenca plateploča of the SamaraSamara
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Ovdje možete vidjeti da tablica na Samari
12:52
endskrajevi in 78RUSRUS.
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završava sa 78RUS.
12:54
And if you actuallyzapravo take a look at the scenescena pictureslika,
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Ako pogledate prizor nesreće,
12:57
you can see that the plateploča of the MercedesMercedes
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možete vidjeti da pločice njegovog Mercedesa
12:59
is O600KOKO78RUSRUS.
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nose oznaku O600KO78RUS.
13:05
Now I'm not a lawyerodvjetnik,
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Ja nisam odvjetnik,
13:07
but if I would be,
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ali da jesam,
13:09
this is where I would say, "I restodmor my casespis."
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ovdje bih rekao: "Nemam ništa više za dodati".
13:12
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
13:14
So what happensdogađa se when onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci are caughtzatečen?
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Što se događa kad online kriminalci budu uhvaćeni?
13:17
Well in mostnajviše casesslučajevi it never getsdobiva this fardaleko.
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U većini slučajeva nikad ne dođe do toga.
13:20
The vastogroman majorityvećina of the onlinena liniji crimekriminal casesslučajevi,
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U ogromnoj većini slučajeva online kriminala,
13:22
we don't even know whichkoji continentkontinent the attacksnapadi are comingdolazak from.
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mi čak ne znamo ni s kojeg kontinenta dolaze napadi.
13:25
And even if we are ableu stanju to find onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci,
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A kad i uspijemo otkriti online kriminalce,
13:28
quitedosta oftenčesto there is no outcomeishod.
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često ne bude nikakvih rezultata.
13:30
The locallokalne policepolicija don't actčin, or if they do, there's not enoughdovoljno evidencedokaz,
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Lokalna policija ili ne čini ništa ili nema dovoljno dokaza,
13:33
or for some reasonrazlog we can't take them down.
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ili ih zbog nekog drugog razloga ne mogu zatvoriti.
13:35
I wishželja it would be easierlakše;
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Volio bih kad bi to bilo lakše,
13:37
unfortunatelynažalost it isn't.
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ali, nažalost, nije.
13:39
But things are alsotakođer changingmijenjanje
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No, stvari se mijenjaju
13:42
at a very rapidbrz pacetempo.
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vrlo brzim tempom.
13:45
You've all heardčuo about things like StuxnetStuxnet.
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Svi ste vi čuli za Stuxnet.
13:48
So if you look at what StuxnetStuxnet did
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Ako pogledate što je to Stuxnet zapravo učinio,
13:51
is that it infectedzaražen these.
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vidjet ćete da je zarazio ove strojeve.
13:53
That's a SiemensSiemens S7-400 PLCPLC,
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Ovo je Siemens S7-400 PLC,
13:56
programmableprogramabilni logiclogika [controllerkontrolor].
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programabilni logički kontroler.
13:58
And this is what runsradi our infrastructureinfrastruktura.
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Ovakvi strojevi pokreću našu infrastrukturu.
14:01
This is what runsradi everything around us.
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Oni pokreću sve oko nas.
14:04
PLC'sPLC, these smallmali boxeskutije whichkoji have no displayprikaz,
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829000
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PLC-i, te male kutije koje nemaju ni zaslon,
14:07
no keyboardtastatura,
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ni tipkovnicu,
14:09
whichkoji are programmedprogramiran, are put in placemjesto, and they do theirnjihov jobposao.
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programirani su i postavljeni negdje gdje rade svoj posao.
14:11
For exampleprimjer, the elevatorsdizala in this buildingzgrada
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Primjerice, dizalima u ovoj zgradi
14:13
mostnajviše likelyVjerojatno are controlleddirigovan by one of these.
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najvjerojatnije upravljaju strojevi poput ovoga.
14:17
And when StuxnetStuxnet infectszarazi one of these,
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Kad Stuxnet zarazi jedan takav stroj,
14:20
that's a massivemasivan revolutionrevolucija
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to dovodi do značajne promjene
14:22
on the kindsvrste of risksrizici we have to worrybrinuti about.
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u vrstama rizika zbog kojih moramo početi brinuti.
14:25
Because everything around us is beingbiće runtrčanje by these.
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850000
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Zato što što svime oko nas upravljaju ovakvi strojevi.
14:28
I mean, we have criticalkritično infrastructureinfrastruktura.
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Hoću reći, mi imamo kritičnu infrastrukturu.
14:30
You go to any factorytvornica, any powervlast plantbiljka,
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U koju god tvornicu otišli, koju god elektranu,
14:33
any chemicalkemijski plantbiljka, any foodhrana processingobrada plantbiljka,
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koju god tvornicu kemikalija ili pogon za obradu hrane,
14:35
you look around --
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pogledajte uokolo --
14:37
everything is beingbiće runtrčanje by computersračunala.
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svime upravljaju računala.
14:39
Everything is beingbiće runtrčanje by computersračunala.
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Računala upravljaju svime.
14:41
Everything is reliantoslanja on these computersračunala workingrad.
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866000
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Sve ovisi o ispravnom funkcioniranju ovih računala.
14:44
We have becomepostati very reliantoslanja
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U velikoj se mjeri oslanjamo
14:47
on InternetInternet,
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na internet,
14:49
on basicosnovni things like electricityelektricitet, obviouslyočito,
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na osnovne stvari poput električne energije,
14:52
on computersračunala workingrad.
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na računala koja ispravno rade.
14:54
And this really is something
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A to je nešto
14:56
whichkoji createsstvara completelypotpuno newnovi problemsproblemi for us.
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što nam stvara potpuno nove probleme.
14:58
We mustmora have some way
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Moramo imati neki način
15:00
of continuingnastavlja to work
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na koji možemo nastaviti raditi
15:02
even if computersračunala failiznevjeriti.
349
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čak i ako računala zakažu.
15:12
(LaughterSmijeh)
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897000
2000
(Smijeh)
15:14
(ApplausePljesak)
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899000
10000
(Pljesak)
15:24
So preparednessspremnosti meanssredstva that we can do stuffstvari
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Pripravnost znači da možemo nastaviti raditi
15:27
even when the things we take for grantedodobreno
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čak i kad stvari koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo
15:29
aren'tnisu there.
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više ne rade.
15:31
It's actuallyzapravo very basicosnovni stuffstvari --
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Riječ je o zaista osnovim stvarima --
15:33
thinkingmišljenje about continuitykontinuitet, thinkingmišljenje about backupssigurnosne kopije,
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potrebno je razmišljati o kontinuitetu, sigurnosnim kopijama,
15:36
thinkingmišljenje about the things that actuallyzapravo matterstvar.
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o stvarima koje su doista bitne.
15:39
Now I told you --
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Rekao sam vam ranije --
15:42
(LaughterSmijeh)
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2000
(Smijeh)
15:44
I love the InternetInternet. I do.
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da volim internet. Stvarno ga volim.
15:48
Think about all the servicesusluge we have onlinena liniji.
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Pomislite na sve usluge koje obavljamo online.
15:51
Think about if they are takenpoduzete away from you,
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Razmislite što će biti ako ostanete bez njih,
15:54
if one day you don't actuallyzapravo have them
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ako im jednog dana više ne budete imali pristup
15:56
for some reasonrazlog or anotherjoš.
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iz kojeg god razloga.
15:58
I see beautyljepota in the futurebudućnost of the InternetInternet,
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Ja nazirem ljepotu u budućnosti interneta,
16:01
but I'm worriedzabrinut
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ali sam i zabrinut
16:03
that we mightmoć not see that.
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da je nećemo doživjeti.
16:05
I'm worriedzabrinut that we are runningtrčanje into problemsproblemi
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Brinem se da ćemo zbog online kriminala
16:07
because of onlinena liniji crimekriminal.
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završiti u problemima.
16:09
OnlineOnline crimekriminal is the one thing
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Online kriminal jedna je od stvari
16:11
that mightmoć take these things away from us.
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koje bi nam mogle oduzeti sve ovo.
16:13
(LaughterSmijeh)
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3000
(Smijeh)
16:16
I've spentpotrošen my life
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Proveo sam svoj život
16:18
defendingu obrani the NetNeto,
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u obrani Mreže
16:21
and I do feel that if we don't fightborba onlinena liniji crimekriminal,
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i vjerujem da, ako se ne suprotstavimo online kriminalu,
16:24
we are runningtrčanje a riskrizik of losinggubljenje it all.
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4000
postoji rizik da izgubimo sve to.
16:28
We have to do this globallyglobalno,
377
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3000
Moramo to učiniti na globalnoj razini,
16:31
and we have to do it right now.
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i moramo to učiniti odmah.
16:34
What we need
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Ono što nama treba
16:36
is more globalglobalno, internationalmeđunarodna lawzakon enforcementovrha work
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3000
jest globalno, međunarodno policijsko djelovanje
16:39
to find onlinena liniji criminalkriminalac gangsbande --
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za pronalazak online kriminalnih skupina --
16:41
these organizedorganizirani gangsbande
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2000
organiziranih bandi
16:43
that are makingizrađivanje millionsmilijuni out of theirnjihov attacksnapadi.
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koje svojim napadima zarađuju milijune.
16:45
That's much more importantvažno
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To je mnogo važnije
16:47
than runningtrčanje anti-virusesprotiv virusa or runningtrčanje firewallsfirewall.
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od antivirusa i vatrozida.
16:49
What actuallyzapravo matterspitanja
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Ono što je doista bitno
16:51
is actuallyzapravo findingnalaz the people behindiza these attacksnapadi,
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jest pronaći osobe koje stoje iza tih napada,
16:53
and even more importantlyvažnije,
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i što je još važnije,
16:55
we have to find the people
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moramo naći osobe
16:57
who are about to becomepostati
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2000
koje će tek postati
16:59
partdio of this onlinena liniji worldsvijet of crimekriminal,
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2000
dijelom svijeta online kriminala,
17:01
but haven'tnisu yetjoš doneučinio it.
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ali još uvijek to nisu.
17:03
We have to find the people with the skillsvještine,
393
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3000
Moramo pronaći te ljude koji imaju vještine,
17:06
but withoutbez the opportunitiesprilike
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ali nemaju prilike
17:08
and give them the opportunitiesprilike
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te im pružiti priliku
17:10
to use theirnjihov skillsvještine for good.
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da iskoriste svoja znanja u korisne svrhe.
17:13
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najljepša.
17:15
(ApplausePljesak)
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13000
(Pljesak)
Translated by Ivan Kesegić
Reviewed by Katarina Smetko

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com

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