TEDGlobal 2017
DK Osseo-Asare: What a scrapyard in Ghana can teach us about innovation
DK Oseo-Asar (DK Osseo-Asare): Čemu nas otpad u Gani može naučiti o inovaciji?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.6
1,277,722 views
U Agbogblošiju, zajednici u Akri u Gani, ljudi dolaze na otpad da tragali za elektronskim otpadom zbog materijala koji se mogu reciklirati. Ovi gradski rudari bez formalne obuke često samostalno uče kako rade elektronski proizvodi tako što ih rastavljaju i ponovo sastavljaju. Dizajner i član programa TED Fellows, DK Oseo-Asar, zapitao se šta bi se dogodilo ako bismo povezali te samouke tehničare sa učenicima i mladim profesionalcima iz stručnih oblasti? Rezultat je bila zajednica proizvođača u kojoj se ljudi angažuju u vršnjačkom, praktičnom obrazovanju, motivisani onim što žele da stvore. Saznajte više o ovom afričkom prostoru za razmenu znanja, začetniku kružne ekonomije na lokalnom nivou.
DK Osseo-Asare - Designer
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
DK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Come with me to Agbogbloshie,
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Pođite sa mnom u Agbogbloši,
00:16
a neighborhood in the heart of Accra,
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naselje u srcu Akre,
00:19
named after a god that lives
in the Odaw River.
in the Odaw River.
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nazvanom po bogu koji živi u reci Odav.
00:23
There's a slum, Old Fadama,
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Tamo je sirotinjska četvrt Stara Fadama,
00:26
built on land reclaimed
from the Korle Lagoon,
from the Korle Lagoon,
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izgrađena na zemljištu
koje je obnovljeno iz lagune Korle,
koje je obnovljeno iz lagune Korle,
00:30
just before it opens
into the Gulf of Guinea.
into the Gulf of Guinea.
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malo pre ulaza u Gvinejski zaliv.
00:33
There's a scrapyard here where people
take apart all kinds of things,
take apart all kinds of things,
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Ovde se nalazi otpad na kome ljudi
rasklapaju raznorazne stvari,
rasklapaju raznorazne stvari,
00:38
from mobile phones to computers,
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od mobilnih telefona do kompjutera,
00:40
automobiles to even entire airplanes.
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automobila, pa čak i čitavih aviona.
00:43
Agbogbloshie's scrapyard is famous
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Otpad u Agbogblošiju je poznat
00:46
because it has become a symbol
of the downside of technology:
of the downside of technology:
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jer je postao simbol mane tehnologije,
00:51
the problem of planned obsolescence.
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problema planirane zastarelosti.
00:54
It's seen as a place where devices
from around the world end their life,
from around the world end their life,
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Smatra se mestom na kome uređaji
iz celog sveta završe svoj životni vek,
iz celog sveta završe svoj životni vek,
00:59
where your data comes to die.
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gde podaci dolaze da skončaju.
01:03
These are the images
that the media loves to show,
that the media loves to show,
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Ovo su slike koje mediji vole da prikažu,
01:06
of young men and boys
burning wires and cables
burning wires and cables
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sa mladićima i dečacima
koji spaljuju žice i kablove
koji spaljuju žice i kablove
01:11
to recover copper and aluminum,
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kako bi dobili bakar i aluminijum,
01:14
using Styrofoam and old tires as fuel,
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pri čemu koriste stiropor
i stare gume kao gorivo
i stare gume kao gorivo
01:17
seriously hurting themselves
and the environment.
and the environment.
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i ozbiljno škode sebi i životnoj sredini.
01:21
It's a super-toxic process,
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To je vrlo toksičan proces
01:24
producing pollutants that enter
the global ecosystem,
the global ecosystem,
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u kome se proizvode zagađivači
koji ulaze u globalni ekosistem,
koji ulaze u globalni ekosistem,
01:28
build up in fatty tissue
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gomilaju se u masnom tkivu
01:30
and threaten the top of the food chain.
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i prete vrhu lanca ishrane.
01:33
But this story is incomplete.
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Ali, ova priča nije potpuna.
01:38
There's a lot we can learn
from Agbogbloshie,
from Agbogbloshie,
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Možemo mnogo toga naučiti iz Agbogblošija,
01:41
where scrap collected
from city- and nationwide is brought.
from city- and nationwide is brought.
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gde se donose sekundarne sirovine
prikupljene iz grada i širom zemlje.
prikupljene iz grada i širom zemlje.
01:46
For so many of us,
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Za mnoge od nas,
01:48
our devices are black boxes.
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naši uređaji su crne kutije.
01:50
We know what they do,
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Znamo šta rade,
01:52
but not how they work or what's inside.
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ali ne i kako rade
niti šta se nalazi unutra.
niti šta se nalazi unutra.
01:55
In Agbogbloshie, people
make it their business
make it their business
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U Agbogblošiju, ljudi su se potrudili
01:58
to know exactly what's inside.
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da saznaju šta je tačno unutra.
02:00
Scrap dealers recover copper,
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
aluminum, steel, glass, plastic
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Trgovci sekundarnim sirovinama izvlače
bakar, aluminijum, čelik, staklo, plastiku
bakar, aluminijum, čelik, staklo, plastiku
02:05
and printed circuit boards.
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i štampane ploče.
02:07
It's called "urban mining."
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To se zove „urbano rudarenje“.
02:09
It's now more efficient for us
to mine materials from our waste.
to mine materials from our waste.
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Za nas je sada efikasnije
da se materijali vade iz otpada.
da se materijali vade iz otpada.
02:16
There is 10 times more gold,
silver, platinum, palladium
silver, platinum, palladium
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Ima 10 puta više zlata, srebra,
platine i paladijuma
platine i paladijuma
02:20
in one ton of our electronics
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u jednoj toni naše elektronike
02:23
than in one ton of ore mined
from beneath the surface of the earth.
from beneath the surface of the earth.
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nego u jednoj toni rude
iskopane ispod zemljine površine.
iskopane ispod zemljine površine.
02:29
In Agbogbloshie,
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U Agbogblošiju,
02:31
weight is a form of currency.
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težina je oblik valute.
02:33
Devices are dissected to recover
materials, parts and components
materials, parts and components
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Uređaji se seciraju da bi se dobili
materijali, delovi i komponente
materijali, delovi i komponente
uz neverovatno
obraćanje pažnje na detalje,
obraćanje pažnje na detalje,
02:38
with incredible attention to detail,
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02:40
down to the aluminum tips
of electric plugs.
of electric plugs.
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sve do aluminijumskih vrhova
električnih utikača.
električnih utikača.
02:45
But scrap dealers don't destroy
components that are still functional.
components that are still functional.
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Ali trgovci sekundarnim sirovinama
ne uništavaju komponente
koje su još uvek funkcionalne.
koje su još uvek funkcionalne.
02:49
They supply them to repair workshops
like this one in Agbogbloshie
like this one in Agbogbloshie
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Odnose ih u radionice za popravke
kao što je ova u Agbogblošiju
kao što je ova u Agbogblošiju
02:53
and the tens of thousands
of technicians across the country
of technicians across the country
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i desetinama hiljada
tehničara širom zemlje
tehničara širom zemlje
02:58
that refurbish electrical
and electronic equipment,
and electronic equipment,
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koji obnavljaju električnu
i elektronsku opremu
i elektronsku opremu
03:02
and sell them as used products
to consumers that may not be able to buy
to consumers that may not be able to buy
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i prodaju je kao korišćene proizvode
potrošačima koji možda ne mogu da kupe
potrošačima koji možda ne mogu da kupe
03:06
a new television or a new computer.
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novi televizor ili kompjuter.
03:10
Make no mistake about it,
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
there are young hackers in Agbogbloshie --
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Budite sigurni, u Agbogblošiju
ima mladih hakera -
ima mladih hakera -
03:13
and I mean that in the very best
sense of that word --
sense of that word --
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a to mislim u najboljem smislu te reči -
03:17
that know not only
how to take apart computers
how to take apart computers
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koji znaju ne samo da rastave kompjutere,
03:20
but how to put them back together,
how to give them new life.
how to give them new life.
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već i kako da ih ponovo sastave
i udahnu im novi život.
i udahnu im novi život.
03:23
Agbogbloshie reminds us
that making is a cycle.
that making is a cycle.
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Agbogbloši nas podseća
da je pravljenje proizvoda ciklus.
da je pravljenje proizvoda ciklus.
03:27
It extends to remaking and unmaking
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Ono obuhvata i ponovno
pravljenje i rastavljanje
pravljenje i rastavljanje
03:30
in order to recover the materials
that enable us to make something anew.
that enable us to make something anew.
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kako bismo ponovo dobili materijale
koji nam omogućavaju
da napravimo nešto iznova.
da napravimo nešto iznova.
03:35
We can learn from Agbogbloshie,
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Možemo da učimo iz primera Agbogblošija,
03:37
where cobblers remake work boots,
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gde obućari prepravljaju radničke čizme,
03:41
where women collect plastic
from all over the city,
from all over the city,
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gde žene skupljaju plastiku
iz celog grada,
iz celog grada,
03:44
sort it by type,
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sortiraju je po vrsti,
03:46
shred it, wash it
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iseku na komade, operu
03:48
and ultimately sell it back
as feedstock to factories
as feedstock to factories
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i na kraju je prodaju
kao sirovinu za fabrike
kao sirovinu za fabrike
03:51
to make new clothing,
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da bi se napravila nova odeća,
03:52
new plastic buckets
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nove plastične kante
03:54
and chairs.
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i stolice.
03:56
Steel is stockpiled separately,
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Čelik se skladišti odvojeno,
03:58
where the carcasses of cars
and microwaves and washing machines
and microwaves and washing machines
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gde tela automobila, mikrotalasnih peći
i mašina za pranje veša
i mašina za pranje veša
04:02
become iron rods for new construction;
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postaju gvozdene šipke za novu izgradnju,
04:05
where roofing sheets become cookstoves;
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gde krovni limovi postaju štednjaci,
04:07
where shafts from cars become chisels
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gde vratila automobila postaju dleta
04:11
that are used to scrap more objects;
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koje se koriste
za dalje prikupljanje predmeta,
za dalje prikupljanje predmeta,
04:14
where aluminum recovered
from the radiators of fridges
from the radiators of fridges
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gde se aluminijum
dobijen od hladnjaka frižidera
dobijen od hladnjaka frižidera
04:19
and air conditioners
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i klima-uređaja
04:21
are melted down
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topi
04:23
and use sand casting to make
ornaments for the building industry,
ornaments for the building industry,
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i koristi se livenje u pesku za pravljenje
ukrasa u građevinskoj industriji,
ukrasa u građevinskoj industriji,
04:27
for pots which are sold just down
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
the street in the Agbogbloshie market
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za lonce koji se prodaju
dole niz ulicu, na pijaci Agbogblošija
dole niz ulicu, na pijaci Agbogblošija
04:31
with a full array of locally made
ovens, stoves and smokers,
ovens, stoves and smokers,
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sa širokom lepezom lokalno napravljenih
rerni, peći i pušnica
rerni, peći i pušnica
04:37
which are used every day
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koje se svakodnevno koriste
04:39
to make the majority of palm nut soups,
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za pravljenje većine supa
od palminog oraha,
od palminog oraha,
04:42
of tea and sugar breads,
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čaja i slatkog hleba,
04:44
of grilled tilapia in the city.
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ribe na žaru u gradu.
04:47
They're made in roadside workshops
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
like this one by welders like Mohammed,
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Prave se u radionicama pokraj puta,
kao što je ova čiji je vlasnik,
zavarivač Mohamed,
zavarivač Mohamed,
04:52
who recover materials
from the waste stream
from the waste stream
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koji sakupljaju materijale
kroz ciklus otpada
kroz ciklus otpada
04:54
and use them to make all kinds of things,
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i koriste ih da prave raznorazne stvari,
04:56
like dumbbells for working out
out of old car parts.
out of old car parts.
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kao što su tegovi za vežbanje
od starih delova automobila.
od starih delova automobila.
Ali, evo šta je zaista zanimljivo.
04:59
But here's what's really cool:
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05:01
the welding machines
they use look like this,
they use look like this,
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Aparati za zavarivanje
koje koriste izgledaju ovako,
koje koriste izgledaju ovako,
05:03
and they're made
by specially coiling copper
by specially coiling copper
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a napravljeni su
od specijalno namotanog bakra
od specijalno namotanog bakra
05:07
around electrical steel
recovered from old transformer scrap.
recovered from old transformer scrap.
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oko električnog čelika koji je dobijen
iz bačenih starih transformatora.
iz bačenih starih transformatora.
05:14
There's an entire industry
just next to Agbogbloshie
just next to Agbogbloshie
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Odmah do Agbogblošija
postoji čitava industrija
postoji čitava industrija
05:18
making locally fabricated welding machines
that power local fabrication.
that power local fabrication.
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pravljenja lokalno proizvedenih aparata
za zavarivanje koji pokreću proizvodnju.
za zavarivanje koji pokreću proizvodnju.
05:23
What's really cool as well is that
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
there's a transfer of skills and knowledge
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Sjajno je i to što postoji
prenos veština i znanja
prenos veština i znanja
05:27
across generations,
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kroz generacije,
05:28
from masters to apprentices,
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sa majstora na šegrte,
05:30
but it's done through active learning,
through heuristic learning,
through heuristic learning,
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ali se to radi kroz aktivno,
heurističko učenje,
heurističko učenje,
05:34
learning by doing and by making.
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uči se kroz rad i pravljenje.
05:36
And this stands in sharp contrast
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To je u oštroj suprotnosti
05:38
to the experience
of many students in school,
of many students in school,
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sa iskustvom mnogih učenika u školama,
05:41
where lecturers lecture,
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gde predavači predaju,
05:42
and students write things down
and memorize them.
and memorize them.
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a učenici zapisuju i memorišu.
05:46
It's boring, but the real problem is
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To je dosadno, ali pravi problem je taj
05:48
this somehow preempts their latent
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
or their inherent entrepreneurial power.
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što to nekako gasi njihovu skrivenu
ili urođenu preduzetničku moć.
ili urođenu preduzetničku moć.
05:55
They know books but not how to make stuff.
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Znaju sa knjigama,
ali ne kako da prave stvari.
ali ne kako da prave stvari.
05:58
Four years ago, my cofounder
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
Yasmine Abbas and I asked:
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Pre četiri godine, moj suosnivač
Jasmin Abas i ja smo se zapitali
Jasmin Abas i ja smo se zapitali
06:02
What would happen if we could couple
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šta bi se desilo ako bismo udružili
06:05
the practical know-how of makers
in the informal sector
in the informal sector
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praktično umeće proizvođača
u neformalnom sektoru
u neformalnom sektoru
06:09
with the technical knowledge
of students and young professionals
of students and young professionals
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sa tehničkim znanjem učenika
i mladih profesionalaca
i mladih profesionalaca
06:13
in STEAM fields --
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iz stručnih oblasti -
06:15
science, technology, engineering,
arts and mathematics --
arts and mathematics --
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nauke, tehnologije, inženjeringa,
umetnosti i matematike -
umetnosti i matematike -
06:19
to build a STEAM-powered innovation engine
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kako bi se izgradio inovativni motor
zasnovan na njima,
zasnovan na njima,
06:22
to drive what we call
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
"Sankofa Innovation," which I'll explain.
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kako bi se pokrenulo ono što nazivamo
„Inovacija sankofa“, što ću objasniti.
„Inovacija sankofa“, što ću objasniti.
06:27
We took forays into the scrapyard
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Upali smo na otpad
06:31
to look for what could be repurposed,
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da vidimo šta se može iskoristiti,
kao što su rezači za DVD koji postaju
laserski uređaji za graviranje
laserski uređaji za graviranje
06:34
like DVD writers that could
become laser etchers,
become laser etchers,
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06:37
or the power supplies of old servers
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ili napajanja starih servera
06:40
for a start-up in Kumasi
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
making 3D printers out of e-waste.
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za startap u Kumasiju koji pravi
3D štampače od elektronskog otpada.
3D štampače od elektronskog otpada.
06:45
The key was to bring together
young people from different backgrounds
young people from different backgrounds
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Ključno je bilo okupiti
mlade ljude iz različitih sredina
mlade ljude iz različitih sredina
06:49
that ordinarily never have
anything to do with each other,
anything to do with each other,
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koji inače nisu povezani međusobno,
06:52
to have a conversation
about how they could collaborate
about how they could collaborate
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da bi se poveo razgovor
o tome kako mogu sarađivati
o tome kako mogu sarađivati
06:56
and to test and develop
new machines and tools
new machines and tools
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i kako da testiraju i razviju
ove mašine i alatke
ove mašine i alatke
07:00
that could allow them to shred
and strip copper instead of burning it,
and strip copper instead of burning it,
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koje bi im omogućile da iseku
i oljušte bakar umesto da ga pale,
i oljušte bakar umesto da ga pale,
07:04
to mold plastic bricks and tiles,
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da oblikuju plastične cigle i pločice,
07:07
to build new computers out of components
recovered from dead electronics,
recovered from dead electronics,
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da naprave nove računare od komponenti
dobijenih iz bačene elektronike,
dobijenih iz bačene elektronike,
07:13
to build a drone.
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da bi se napravio dron.
07:16
And here you can see it flying
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
for the first time in Agbogbloshie.
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Ovde vidite kako prvi put
leti u Agbogblošiju.
leti u Agbogblošiju.
07:22
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:27
Yasmine and I have collaborated
with over 1,500 young people,
with over 1,500 young people,
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Jasmin i ja smo sarađivali
sa više od 1 500 mladih ljudi,
sa više od 1 500 mladih ljudi,
07:31
750 from STEAM fields,
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750 njih iz prethodno
navedenih područja rada,
navedenih područja rada,
07:34
and over 750 grassroots makers
and scrap dealers
and scrap dealers
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i preko 750 lokalnih proizvođača
i trgovaca sekundarnim materijalima
i trgovaca sekundarnim materijalima
07:39
from Agbogbloshie and beyond.
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iz Agbogblošija i šire.
07:41
They've joined hands together
to develop a platform
to develop a platform
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Ujedinili su se da bi razvili platformu
07:46
which they call Spacecraft,
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koju nazivaju „Kreativni prostor“,
07:49
a hybrid physical and digital
space for crafting,
space for crafting,
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hibridni fizički
i digitalni prostor za izradu
i digitalni prostor za izradu
07:53
more of a process than a product,
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koji je više proces nego proizvod,
07:56
an open architecture for making,
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otvorena arhitektura za stvaranje,
08:00
which involves three parts:
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a obuhvata tri dela:
08:01
a makerspace kiosk,
which is prefab and modular;
which is prefab and modular;
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prostor za razmenu u vidu kioska
koji je montažan i modularan,
koji je montažan i modularan,
08:04
tool kits which can be customized
based on what makers want to make;
based on what makers want to make;
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alate koji se mogu prilagoditi u skladu
sa time šta proizvođači žele da naprave
sa time šta proizvođači žele da naprave
08:09
and a trading app.
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i aplikaciju za trgovanje.
08:10
We built the app specifically
with the needs of the scrap dealers
with the needs of the scrap dealers
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Posebno smo napravili aplikaciju
pre svega imajući u vidu potrebe
trgovaca sekundarnim sirovinama,
trgovaca sekundarnim sirovinama,
08:14
in mind first,
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08:15
because we realized that it was not enough
to arm them with information
to arm them with information
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jer smo shvatili da nije dovoljno
naoružati ih informacijama
naoružati ih informacijama
08:20
and upgraded technology
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i poboljšanom tehnologijom
08:21
if we wanted them to green
their recycling processes;
their recycling processes;
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ako hoćemo da ekološki unaprede
svoj proces recikliranja;
svoj proces recikliranja;
08:25
they needed incentives.
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potreban im je podsticaj.
08:27
Scrap dealers are always looking
for new scrap and new buyers
for new scrap and new buyers
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Trgovci sekundarnim sirovinama
uvek traže nove materijale i nove kupce
uvek traže nove materijale i nove kupce
08:30
and what interests them
is finding buyers who will pay more
is finding buyers who will pay more
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i zanima ih pronalaženje kupaca
koji će platiti više
koji će platiti više
08:35
for clean copper than for burnt.
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za čisti bakar nego za spaljeni.
08:38
We realized that in the entire ecosystem,
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Shvatili smo da u celom ekosistemu
08:40
everyone was searching for something.
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svako traži nešto.
08:43
Makers are searching for materials,
parts, components, tools, blueprints
parts, components, tools, blueprints
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Proizvođači traže materijale, delove,
komponente, alate i nacrte
komponente, alate i nacrte
08:49
to make what it is they want to make.
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da naprave ono što žele.
08:51
They're also finding a way
to let customers and clientele
to let customers and clientele
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Takođe pronalaze način
da omoguće mušteriji i klijenteli
da omoguće mušteriji i klijenteli
08:55
find out that they can repair a blender
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da saznaju da mogu da poprave blender
08:57
or fix an iron
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ili peglu
08:59
or, as we learned yesterday,
to make a french fry machine.
to make a french fry machine.
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ili, kao što smo juče saznali,
da naprave mašinu za pomfrit.
da naprave mašinu za pomfrit.
09:03
On the flip side, you find
that there are end users
that there are end users
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Sa druge strane, vidite
da postoje krajnji korisnici
da postoje krajnji korisnici
09:06
that are desperately looking for someone
that can make them a french fry machine,
that can make them a french fry machine,
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koji očajnički traže nekoga ko može
da im napravi mašinu za pomfrit,
da im napravi mašinu za pomfrit,
09:10
and you have scrap dealers who are
looking how they can collect this scrap,
looking how they can collect this scrap,
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i imate prodavce sekundarnih sirovina
koji traže kako da sakupe materijale,
koji traže kako da sakupe materijale,
obrade ih i preokrenu
u početni materijal za novi proizvod.
u početni materijal za novi proizvod.
09:14
process it, and turn it back
into an input for new making.
into an input for new making.
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09:18
We tried to untangle
that knot of not knowing
that knot of not knowing
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Pokušali smo da razmrsimo
taj čvor neobaveštenosti
taj čvor neobaveštenosti
kako bismo omogućili ljudima da nađu
šta im treba da bi napravili šta žele.
šta im treba da bi napravili šta žele.
09:21
to allow people to find what they need
to make what they want to make.
to make what they want to make.
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09:24
We prototyped the makerspace
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
kiosk in Agbogbloshie,
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Napravili smo prototip kioska
za razmenu znanja u Agbogblošiju
za razmenu znanja u Agbogblošiju
09:28
conceived as the opposite of a school:
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koji je zamišljen kao suprotnost školi:
09:31
a portal into experiential
and experimental making
and experimental making
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kao prolaz u pravljenje
kroz iskustvo i eksperiment
kroz iskustvo i eksperiment
09:35
that connects local and global
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koje povezuje lokalno i globalno
09:37
and connects making
with remaking and unmaking.
with remaking and unmaking.
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i povezuje proizvodnju
sa ponovnim pravljenjem i rasklapanjem.
sa ponovnim pravljenjem i rasklapanjem.
09:41
We made a rule that everything
had to be made from scratch
had to be made from scratch
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Doneli smo pravilo da sve mora
biti napravljeno od nule
biti napravljeno od nule
09:45
using only materials made in Ghana
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samo uz pomoć materijala
napravljenih u Gani
napravljenih u Gani
09:47
or sourced from the scrapyard.
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ili dobijenih sa otpada.
09:50
The structures essentially are
simple trusses which bolt together.
simple trusses which bolt together.
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Strukture su u suštini
jednostavne rešetke koje se spajaju.
jednostavne rešetke koje se spajaju.
09:54
It takes about two hours to assemble
one module with semi-skilled labor,
one module with semi-skilled labor,
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Potrebno je oko dva sata
za sastavljanje jednog modula
sa polukvalifikovanim radnicima,
sa polukvalifikovanim radnicima,
09:59
and by developing tooling
and jigs and rigs,
and jigs and rigs,
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i razvojem alata i opreme
10:02
we were able to actually
build these standardized parts
build these standardized parts
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uspeli smo da napravimo
standardizovane delove
standardizovane delove
10:06
within this ecosystem of artisanal welders
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u ovom ekosistemu zanatlija zavarivača
10:09
with the precision of one millimeter --
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sa preciznošću od jednog milimetra -
10:12
of course, using made-in-Agbogbloshie
welding machines,
welding machines,
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naravno, pomoću mašina za zavarivanje
napravljenih u Agbogblošiju,
napravljenih u Agbogblošiju,
10:15
as well as for the tools,
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kao i alata,
10:17
which can lock, the toolboxes,
and stack to make workbenches,
and stack to make workbenches,
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koji mogu zaključati u kutijama za alat,
i složiti ih da budu radni stolovi,
i složiti ih da budu radni stolovi,
10:20
and again, customized
based on what you want to make.
based on what you want to make.
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i, još jednom, prilagođeni su
onome što želite da napravite.
onome što želite da napravite.
10:23
We've tested the app in Agbogbloshie
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Testirali smo aplikaciju u Agbogblošiju
10:26
and are getting ready to open it up
to other maker ecosystems.
to other maker ecosystems.
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i spremamo se da je otvorimo
za druge ekosisteme proizvođača.
za druge ekosisteme proizvođača.
10:30
In six months, we'll have finished
three years of testing
three years of testing
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Za šest meseci završićemo
tri godine testiranja
tri godine testiranja
10:34
the makerspace kiosk,
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kioska za razmenu znanja,
10:36
which I have to admit, we've subjected
to some pretty horrific abuse.
to some pretty horrific abuse.
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koji smo, moram da priznam,
podvrgli nekim užasnim zloupotrebama.
podvrgli nekim užasnim zloupotrebama.
10:40
But it's for a good cause,
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Ali, sve to je sa dobrim razlogom,
10:42
because based on
the results of that testing,
the results of that testing,
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jer smo na osnovu rezultata tog testiranja
10:44
we've been able to redesign
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
an upgraded version of this makerspace.
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mogli da osmislimo poboljšanu verziju
ovog prostora za razmenu.
ovog prostora za razmenu.
10:49
If a fab lab is large, expensive,
and fixed in place,
and fixed in place,
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Ako je izgrađena laboratorija velika,
skupa i fiksirana na jednom mestu,
skupa i fiksirana na jednom mestu,
10:55
think of this as the counterpoint:
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razmislite o sledećem kao kontrast tome:
10:58
something low-cost,
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o nečemu jeftinom,
11:00
which can be locally manufactured,
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što se može lokalno proizvesti,
11:04
which can be expanded
and kitted out incrementally
and kitted out incrementally
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što se može proširiti i postepeno opremiti
11:07
as makers acquire resources.
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kad proizvođači zatraže sredstva.
11:09
You can think of it as a toolshed,
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Možete to zamisliti kao ostavu za alat
11:12
where makers can come and check out tools
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gde proizvođači mogu da dođu,
pogledaju alatke
pogledaju alatke
11:15
and take them via handcart
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i odnesu ih kolicima
11:18
to wherever they want in the city
to make what it is they want to make.
to make what it is they want to make.
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gde god da im odgovara u gradu
da naprave šta god žele da naprave.
da naprave šta god žele da naprave.
11:21
And moving into the next phase,
we're planning to also add
we're planning to also add
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Prelazimo u sledeću fazu
gde planiramo da takođe dodamo
gde planiramo da takođe dodamo
11:24
ceiling-mounted CNC bots,
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CNC robote postavljene na plafonu,
11:27
which allow makers to cocreate
together with robots.
together with robots.
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što omogućava proizvođačima
da stvaraju zajedno sa robotima.
da stvaraju zajedno sa robotima.
11:31
Ultimately, this is a kit of parts
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Naposletku, ovo je komplet delova
11:33
which can be assembled locally
within the informal sector
within the informal sector
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koji se mogu lokalno montirati
u okviru neformalnog sektora
u okviru neformalnog sektora
11:37
using standardized parts
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pomoću standardizovanih delova
11:38
which can be upgraded collectively
through an open-source process.
through an open-source process.
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koji se mogu kolektivno nadograditi
kroz otvoreni proces.
kroz otvoreni proces.
Sve u svemu, ovaj ceo sistem
razmene između proizvođača
razmene između proizvođača
11:46
In totality, this entire
makerspace system
makerspace system
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11:49
tries to do five things:
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pokušava da postigne pet stvari:
11:50
to enable emerging makers
to gather the resources they need
to gather the resources they need
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da omogući novim proizvođačima
da prikupe sredstva koja su im potrebna
da prikupe sredstva koja su im potrebna
11:56
and the tools to make
what they want to make;
what they want to make;
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i alat da bi napravili
ono što žele da naprave,
ono što žele da naprave,
11:58
to learn by doing and from others;
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da uče kroz svoj rad i od drugih,
12:01
to produce more and better products;
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da proizvode više i bolje proizvode,
12:04
to be able to trade
to generate steady income;
to generate steady income;
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da mogu da trguju
kako bi ostvarili stalni prihod
kako bi ostvarili stalni prihod
12:06
and ultimately, to amplify
not only their reputation as a maker,
not only their reputation as a maker,
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i najzad, ne samo da se ojača
njihova reputacija proizvođača,
njihova reputacija proizvođača,
12:10
but their maker potential.
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već i njihov proizvođački potencijal.
12:13
Sankofa is one of the most powerful
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
Adinkra symbols of the Akan peoples
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Sankofa je jedan od najmoćnijih
simbola adinkra naroda Akan
simbola adinkra naroda Akan
12:17
in Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire,
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u Gani i Obali Slonovače,
12:19
and it can be represented as a bird
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
reaching onto its back to collect an egg,
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i može se predstaviti kao ptica
koja poseže ka svojim leđima da uzme jaje,
koja poseže ka svojim leđima da uzme jaje,
12:24
a symbol of power.
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simbol moći.
12:27
It translates literally from the Twi
as "return and get it,"
as "return and get it,"
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Bukvalan prevod za jezika čvi
je „vrati se i uzmi“,
je „vrati se i uzmi“,
12:30
and what this means is that if
an individual or a community or a society
an individual or a community or a society
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a to znači da, ako pojedinac,
zajednica ili društvo
zajednica ili društvo
12:35
wants to have a successful future,
they have to draw on the past.
they have to draw on the past.
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žele da imaju uspešnu budućnost,
moraju se osloniti na prošlost.
moraju se osloniti na prošlost.
12:40
To acquire and master
existing ways of doing,
existing ways of doing,
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Moraju steći i usvojiti
postojeće načine rada,
postojeće načine rada,
12:43
access the knowledge of their ancestors.
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pristupiti znanju svojih predaka.
12:45
And this is very relevant
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To je veoma bitno
12:47
if we want to think about an inclusive
future for Africa today.
future for Africa today.
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ako danas želimo da razmišljamo
o inkluzivnoj budućnosti Afrike.
o inkluzivnoj budućnosti Afrike.
12:51
We have to start from the ground up,
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Moramo početi od temelja,
12:54
mining what already works
for methods and for models,
for methods and for models,
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iskopati ono što već funkcioniše
što se tiče metoda i modela,
što se tiče metoda i modela,
12:58
and to think about how might we
be able to connect,
be able to connect,
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i razmišljati o tome kako da se povežemo
13:02
in a kind of "both-and,"
not "either-or" paradigm,
not "either-or" paradigm,
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u okviru paradigme „i-i“ umesto „ili-ili“,
13:06
the innovation capacity
of this growing network
of this growing network
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inovativnog kapaciteta ove sve veće mreže
13:09
of tech hubs and incubators
across the continent
across the continent
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tehnoloških centara
i inkubatora širom kontinenta,
i inkubatora širom kontinenta,
13:13
and to rethink beyond national boundaries
and political boundaries,
and political boundaries,
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i da preispitamo stvari nezavisno
od nacionalnih i političkih granica,
od nacionalnih i političkih granica,
13:17
to think about how we can network
innovation in Africa
innovation in Africa
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da razmislimo o tome kako možemo
povezati inovacije u Africi
povezati inovacije u Africi
13:22
with the spirit of Sankofa
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sa duhom sankofe
13:24
and the existing capacity
of makers at the grassroots.
of makers at the grassroots.
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i postojećim kapacitetom
proizvođača na lokalnom nivou.
proizvođača na lokalnom nivou.
13:30
If, in the future, someone tells you
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Ako vam ubuduće neko kaže
13:31
Agbogbloshie is the largest
e-waste dump in the world,
e-waste dump in the world,
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da je Agbogbloši najveća deponija
elektronskog smeća na svetu,
elektronskog smeća na svetu,
13:35
I hope you can correct them
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nadam se da ćete ih ispraviti
13:37
and explain to them that a dump
is a place where you throw things away
is a place where you throw things away
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i objasniti im da je deponija
mesto gde se bacaju stvari
mesto gde se bacaju stvari
13:42
and leave them forever;
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i ostave se zauvek;
13:43
a scrapyard is where
you take things apart.
you take things apart.
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a ovaj otpad je mesto
gde se stvari rasklapaju.
gde se stvari rasklapaju.
13:45
Waste is something
that no longer has any value,
that no longer has any value,
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Smeće je nešto što više nema
nikakvu vrednost,
nikakvu vrednost,
13:49
whereas scrap is something
that you recover
that you recover
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dok su sekundarne sirovine
nešto što se može obnoviti
nešto što se može obnoviti
13:51
specifically to use it
to remake something new.
to remake something new.
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sa posebnom namenom da se iskoristi
kako bi se napravilo nešto novo.
kako bi se napravilo nešto novo.
13:57
Making is a cycle,
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Pravljenje je ciklus,
13:59
and African makerspaces
are already pioneering and leading
are already pioneering and leading
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i afrički proizvođači
su već začetnici i predvodnici
su već začetnici i predvodnici
14:05
circular economy at the grassroots.
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kružne ekonomije na lokalnom nivou.
14:09
Let's make more and better together.
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Hajde da pravimo stvari bolje i više.
14:11
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
DK Osseo-Asare - DesignerDK Osseo-Asare creates architecture with and for the people that design overlooks.
Why you should listen
Africa today has the youngest population and fastest rate of urbanization on the planet. How can we amplify indigenous innovation continent-wide to accommodate the needs of Africa’s next billion urban dwellers? Collaborating with thousands of young people in West Africa over the past decade, DK Osseo-Asare has pioneered new approaches to design and deliver architecture and inclusive innovation to people living in resource-constrained environments: reframing the micro-architectures of "kiosk culture" as urban infrastructure for resilience; experimenting with "bambots," or bamboo architecture robots; and prototyping off-grid in the Niger Delta an open-source model of hybrid rural/urban development for Africa.
In 2012, Osseo-Asare and Yasmine Abbas launched the Agbogbloshie Makerspace Platform (AMP), a community-based project to empower grassroots makers in Africa and beyond. Co-designed with over a thousand youth in and around Agbogbloshie scrapyard in Accra, Ghana -- infamously mischaracterized as "the world's largest e-waste dump" -- AMP Spacecraft is an open architecture for "crafting space" that links a mobile structure with modular toolsets to help makers make more and better, together. AMP has deployed three spacecraft to date, with the goal of networking a pan-African fleet of maker kiosks that enable youth to reimagine (e-)waste as raw material for building digital futures, recycle better and unlock their creative potential to remake the world.
Osseo-Asare is co-founding principal of Low Design Office (LOWDO), a trans-Atlantic architecture and integrated design studio based in Ghana and Texas. He co-founded the Ashesi Design Lab as Chief Maker and is Assistant Professor of Architecture and Engineering Design at Penn State University, where he runs the Humanitarian Materials Lab (HuMatLab) and serves as Associate Director of Penn State’s Alliance for Education, Science, Engineering and Design with Africa (AESEDA).
DK Osseo-Asare | Speaker | TED.com