TEDWomen 2010
Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine
Hans Rosling: Die towerwasmasjien
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Wat was die grootste uitvinding van die Industriële Rewolusie? Hans Rosling beweer dis die wasmasjien. Met nuwe Gapminder grafieke wys Rosling vir ons die towerkrag wat verskyn wanneer ekonomiese groei en elektrisiteit ’n vervelige wasdag in ’n intellektuele leesdag verander.
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I was only four years old
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Ek was net 4 jaar oud
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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toe ek my ma ’n wasmasjien sien laai
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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vir die eerste keer in haar lewe.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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Dit was ’n wonderlike dag vir haar.
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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My ouers het jare lank gespaar
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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om die masjien te kon koop.
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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Op die eerste dag wat ons dit sou gebruik,
00:32
even Grandma was invited
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is selfs Ouma genooi
00:34
to see the machine.
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om die masjien te sien.
00:36
And Grandma was even more excited.
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En Ouma was nog meer opgewonde.
00:39
Throughout her life
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Regdeur haar lewe
00:41
she had been heating water with firewood,
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het sy water oor die vuur warm gemaak
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry
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en wasgoed met die hand gewas
00:45
for seven children.
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vir sewe kinders.
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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En nou gaan sy sien hoe
00:50
electricity do that work.
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elektrisiteit die werk doen.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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My ma maak die deur versigtig oop
00:57
and she loaded the laundry
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en sy laai die wasgoed
00:59
into the machine,
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in die masjien,
01:01
like this.
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só...
01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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En toe sy die deur toemaak,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no.
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sê Ouma, "Nee, nee, nee.
01:07
Let me, let me push the button."
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Laat ek die knoppie druk."
01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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En Ouma druk die knoppie
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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en sy sê, "O, fantasties!
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair!
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Ek wil sien! Gee vir my ’n stoel!
01:18
Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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Ek wil sien!"
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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En sy sit voor die masjien,
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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en sy kyk die hele wasprogram.
01:27
She was mesmerized.
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Sy was betower.
01:29
To my grandmother,
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Vir my ouma,
was die wasmasjien ’n wonderwerk.
01:32
the washing machine was a miracle.
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01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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Vandag, in Swede en ander welaf lande,
01:38
people are using
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gebruik mense
01:40
so many different machines.
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baie verskillende masjiene.
01:42
Look, the homes are full of machines.
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Kyk, die huise is vol masjiene.
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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Ek kan nie eens almal opnoem nie.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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En ook, wanneer hulle wil reis,
01:49
they use flying machines
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gebruik hulle vlieënde masjiene
01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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wat hulle na afgeleë bestemmings neem.
01:54
And yet, in the world, there are so many people
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En tog is daar so baie mense
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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wat steeds hulle water op ’n vuur verhit,
01:59
and they cook their food on fire.
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en hul kos oor vuur kook.
02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food,
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Soms het hulle nie eens genoeg kos nie.
02:04
and they live below the poverty line.
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En hulle lewe onder die broodlyn.
02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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Daar is twee miljard medemense
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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wat op minder as $2 ’n dag leef.
02:12
And the richest people over there --
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En die rykste mense daar --
02:14
there's one billion people --
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daar's een miljard mense --
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line,"
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hulle leef bo, wat ek die "luglyn" noem,
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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omdat hulle meer as $80 ’n dag spandeer
02:23
on their consumption.
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op hulle verbruik.
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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Maar dis slegs drie miljard mense,
02:28
and obviously there are seven billion people in the world,
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terwyl daar sewe miljard mense
in die wêreld is,
in die wêreld is,
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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so daar moet vier miljard mense wees,
02:34
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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wat tussen armoede en die luglyn leef.
02:37
They have electricity,
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Hulle het elektrisiteit,
maar die vraag is:
maar die vraag is:
02:40
but the question is, how many have washing machines?
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Hoeveel het wasmasjiene?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data,
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Ek't die data ondersoek,
02:46
and I've found that, indeed,
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en gevind, inderdaad,
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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dat die wasmasjien
tot onder die luglyn deurgedring het,
tot onder die luglyn deurgedring het,
02:51
and today there's an additional one billion people out there
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en vandag is daar
’n addisionele een miljard mense
’n addisionele een miljard mense
02:54
who live above the "wash line."
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wat bo die "wasgoedlyn" leef.
02:57
(Laughter)
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(Gelag)
02:59
And they consume more than $40 per day.
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Hulle verbruik meer as $40 per dag.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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So twee miljard
het toegang tot wasmasjiene.
het toegang tot wasmasjiene.
03:06
And the remaining five billion,
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En die oorblywende vyf miljard,
03:08
how do they wash?
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hoe was hulle?
03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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Of, meer presies,
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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hoe was die meeste vroue in die wêreld?
03:15
Because it remains hard work for women to wash.
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Want dit bly harde werk
vir vroue om te was.
vir vroue om te was.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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Hulle was só: met die hand.
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming labor,
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Dis ’n harde, tydrowende arbeid,
03:26
which they have to do for hours every week.
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wat hulle vir ure elke week moet doen.
03:29
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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En soms moet hulle ook
water van vêr af bring
water van vêr af bring
03:32
to do the laundry at home,
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om tuis te was,
03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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of hulle moet die wasgoed
na ’n stroompie vêr weg vat.
na ’n stroompie vêr weg vat.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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En hulle wil ’n wasmasjien hê.
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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Hulle wil nie so baie
van hulle lewe spandeer
van hulle lewe spandeer
03:44
doing this hard work
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om harde werk te doen
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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wat relatiewe lae produktiwiteit het nie.
03:48
And there's nothing different in their wish
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En daar's niks anders aan hulle wens
03:50
than it was for my grandma.
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as die van my ouma nie.
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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Kyk, twee generasies terug in Swede --
03:55
picking water from the stream,
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skep water by die stroom,
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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op die vuur verhit en was soos dit.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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Hulle wil die wasmasjien hê
op presies dieselfde manier.
op presies dieselfde manier.
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally-concerned students,
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Maar wanneer ek ’n lesing aanbied
vir omgewingbewuste studente
vir omgewingbewuste studente
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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sê hulle: "Nie almal in die wêreld
kan karre en wasmasjiene hê nie."
kan karre en wasmasjiene hê nie."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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Hoe kan ons dié vrou vertel
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing machine?
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dat sy nie ’n wasmasjien gaan hê nie?
04:15
And then I ask my students,
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En dan vra ek my studente,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years I've asked,
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oor die laaste twee jaar:
04:19
"How many of you doesn't use a car?"
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"Hoeveel van julle
gebruik nie ’n kar nie?"
gebruik nie ’n kar nie?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand
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En somige steek hulle hande trots op
04:23
and say, "I don't use a car."
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en sê, "Ek gebruik nie ’n kar nie."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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En dan vra ek die regtig moeilike vraag:
04:27
"How many of you
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"Hoeveel van julle
04:29
hand-wash your jeans and your bed sheets?"
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was julle jeans en beddegoed per hand?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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En niemand steek hulle hand op nie.
04:34
Even the hardcore in the green movement
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Selfs die gehardes in die groenbeweging
04:37
use washing machines.
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gebruik wasmasjiene.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Gelag)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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So hoekom gebruik almal dit
en hulle dink ander sal dit nie stop nie?
en hulle dink ander sal dit nie stop nie?
04:45
and they think others will not stop it? What is special with this?
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Wat is so spesiaal?
04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy used in the world.
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Ek moes ’n analise doen
oor energieverbruik in die wêreld.
oor energieverbruik in die wêreld.
04:51
Here we are.
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Hier.
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion people up there:
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Julle sien die sewe miljard mense bo:
04:55
the air people, the wash people,
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die lugmense, die wasmense,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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die gloeilampmense en die vuurmense.
05:00
One unit like this
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Een eenheid soos dié
05:02
is an energy unit of fossil fuel --
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is ’n fossielbrandstof-eenheid:
05:05
oil, coal or gas.
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olie, steenkool of gas.
05:07
That's what most of electricity and the energy in the world is.
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Dis meeste van die
elektrisiteit en energie in die wêreld.
elektrisiteit en energie in die wêreld.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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Dis 12 eenhede verbruik in die hele wêreld,
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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en die rykste een miljard
gebruik ses daarvan.
gebruik ses daarvan.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world's population.
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Helfte van die energie word verbruik
deur ’n sewende van die bevolking.
deur ’n sewende van die bevolking.
05:20
And these ones who have washing machines,
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En dié wat wasmasjiene het,
05:22
but not a house full of other machines,
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maar nie ’n huis vol ander masjiene nie,
05:24
they use two.
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hulle gebruik twee.
05:26
This group uses three, one each.
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Hierdie groep gebruik drie, een elk.
05:28
And they also have electricity.
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Hulle't ook elektrisiteit.
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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Daar gebruik hulle
nie eens een elk nie.
nie eens een elk nie.
05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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Dit maak 12 van hulle.
05:35
But the main concern
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Maar die hoof bekommernis
05:37
for the environmentally-interested students -- and they are right --
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vir die omgewing-belangstellende studente
-- en hulle is reg --
-- en hulle is reg --
05:40
is about the future.
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is oor die toekoms.
05:42
What are the trends? If we just prolong the trends,
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Wat is die tendense?
As hulle net verleng,
As hulle net verleng,
05:45
without any real advanced analysis, to 2050,
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sonder enige gevorderde analise, tot 2050,
05:48
there are two things that can increase the energy use.
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is daar twee dinge
wat energieverbruik kan verhoog.
wat energieverbruik kan verhoog.
05:51
First, population growth.
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Eerste, bevolkingsgroei.
05:53
Second, economic growth.
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Tweede, ekonomiese groei.
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here
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Bevolkingsgroei sal hoofsaaklik
onder die armste mense plaasvind,
onder die armste mense plaasvind,
05:58
because they have high child mortality
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want hulle ervaar hoë kindersterftes
06:00
and they have many children per woman.
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en hulle het baie kinders per vrou.
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra,
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Met dit kom twee ekstra,
06:04
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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maar energieverbruik sal nie
baie verander nie.
baie verander nie.
06:06
What will happen is economic growth.
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Wat sal gebeur is ekonomiese groei.
06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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Die mees welaf hier
in die opkomende ekonomieë --
in die opkomende ekonomieë --
06:11
I call them the New East --
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ek noem hulle die Nuwe Ooste --
06:13
they will jump the air line.
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hulle sal oor die luglyn spring.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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"Whap!" sê hulle.
En hulle sal begin om so baie te gebruik
soos die Ou Weste reeds gebruik.
soos die Ou Weste reeds gebruik.
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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06:20
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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En dié mense, hulle wil ’n wasmasjien hê.
06:23
I told you. They'll go there.
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Soos ek gesê het: daar gaan hulle.
06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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Hulle energieverbruik sal verdubbel.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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En ons hoop dat die arm mense
elektriese lig sal kry.
elektriese lig sal kry.
Hulle kry twee-kind-families
sonder ’n stop in bevolkingsgroei.
sonder ’n stop in bevolkingsgroei.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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06:32
But the total energy consumption
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Maar die totale energieverbruik
06:34
will increase to 22 units.
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sal verhoog tot 22 eenhede.
06:36
And these 22 units --
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En dié 22 eenhede --
06:39
still the richest people use most of it.
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steeds gebruik die rykstes die meeste.
06:43
So what needs to be done?
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So wat moet gedoen word?
06:45
Because the risk,
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Omdat die risiko,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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die hoë waarskynlikheid
van klimaatsverandering,
van klimaatsverandering,
06:50
It's real.
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’n werklikheid is.
06:52
Of course they must be more energy-efficient.
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Natuurlik moet hulle
meer energiedoeltreffend wees.
meer energiedoeltreffend wees.
06:55
They must change behavior in some way.
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Hulle moet gedrag verander op ’n manier.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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Hulle moet ook begin
groen energie produseer,
groen energie produseer,
06:59
much more green energy.
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baie meer groen energie.
07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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Maar tot hulle dieselfde
energieverbruik per persoon het,
energieverbruik per persoon het,
07:04
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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moet hulle nie raad gee aan ander --
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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wat om te doen of nie te doen nie.
07:08
(Applause)
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(Applous)
07:10
Here we can get more green energy all over.
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Hier kan ons
meer groen energie kry van orals.
meer groen energie kry van orals.
07:14
This is what we hope may happen.
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Dis wat ons hoop mag gebeur.
07:16
It's a real challenge in the future.
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Dis ’n werklike toekomsuitdaging.
07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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Maar ek verseker julle dat hierdie vrou
in die favela in Rio:
in die favela in Rio:
07:22
she wants a washing machine.
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sy wil ’n wasmasjien hê.
07:24
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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Sy's baie gelukkig
met haar minister van energie
met haar minister van energie
07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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wat elektrisiteit vir almal verskaf het --
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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so gelukkig dat sy vir haar gestem het.
07:32
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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En sy word Dilma Rousseff,
07:34
the president-elect
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die pas gekose president
07:36
of one of the biggest democracies in the world --
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van een van die
grootste demokrasieë in die wêreld --
grootste demokrasieë in die wêreld --
07:38
moving from minister of energy to president.
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van minister van energie tot president.
07:41
If you have democracy,
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As jy ’n demokrasie het,
07:43
people will vote for washing machines.
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sal mense stem vir wasmasjiene.
07:45
They love them.
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Hulle's mal oor hulle.
07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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En wat is die wonder hiervan?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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My ma't die wonder
van die masjien verduidelik
van die masjien verduidelik
07:54
the very, very first day.
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die heel, heel eerste dag.
07:56
She said, "Now Hans,
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Sy't gesê, "Nou Hans,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry.
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ons het die wasgoed gelaai.
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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Die masjien sal die werk doen.
08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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En nou kan ons biblioteek toe gaan."
08:04
Because this is the magic:
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Want dis die wonder:
08:06
you load the laundry,
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jy doen die wasgoed,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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en wat kry jy uit die masjien?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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Jy kry boeke uit die masjien,
08:13
children's books.
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kinderboeke.
08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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My ma't tyd gehad om vir my te lees.
08:17
She loved this. I got the "ABC's" --
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Sy was mal daaroor. Ek kry die "ABC's."
08:19
this is where I started my career as a professor,
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Dis waar my beroep as professor begin het,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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toe my ma tyd gehad het om vir my te lees.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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Sy't ook boeke vir haarself gekry.
08:26
She managed to study English
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Sy't dit reggekry om Engels te studeer
08:28
and learn that as a foreign language.
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en dit te leer as ’n vreemde taal.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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En sy lees soveel romans,
08:32
so many different novels here.
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so baie verskillendes.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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En ons hou baie, baie van die masjien.
08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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En wat my ma en ek gesê het, is:
08:42
"Thank you industrialization.
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"Dankie, industrialisasie.
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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Dankie, staalplettery.
08:47
Thank you power station.
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Dankie, kragstasie.
08:49
And thank you chemical processing industry
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En dankie, chemiese industrie
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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wat ons tyd gegee het om boeke te lees."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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Baie dankie.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Applous)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionaryIn Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.
Why you should listen
Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.
What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.
Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.
Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)
Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.
Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com