TEDWomen 2010
Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine
Hans Rosling dan mesin cuci ajaib
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Apa penemuan terbesar dari revolusi industri? Hans Rosling bercerita tentang mesin cuci. Dengan grafik yang baru dirancang dari Gapminder, Rosling menunjukkan kepada kita sulap yang muncul ketika pertumbuhan ekonomi dan listrik mengubah hari mencuci yang membosankan menjadi hari membaca yang intelek.
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I was only four years old
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Saya hanya berumur empat tahun
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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ketika saya melihat ibu saya memakai mesin cuci
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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untuk pertama kalinya di dalam hidupnya.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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Itu hari yang besar untuk ibu saya.
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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Ibu dan ayah telah menabung selama bertahun - tahun
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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agar dapat membeli mesin itu.
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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Dan ketika mau digunakan pertama kalinya,
00:32
even Grandma was invited
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bahkan nenek diundang
00:34
to see the machine.
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untuk melihat mesin itu.
00:36
And Grandma was even more excited.
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Dan nenek bahkan lebih heboh.
00:39
Throughout her life
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Sepanjang hidupnya
00:41
she had been heating water with firewood,
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dia memanaskan api dengan kayu bakar,
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry
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dan dia mencuci baju dengan tangan
00:45
for seven children.
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untuk tujuh anak.
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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Dan sekarang dia akan melihat
00:50
electricity do that work.
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listrik melakukan pekerjaannya.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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Ibu saya membuka pintu dengan hati - hati,
00:57
and she loaded the laundry
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dan dia memasukkan cucian
00:59
into the machine,
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ke dalam mesin,
01:01
like this.
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seperti ini.
01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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Dan lalu, ketika dia menutup pintu,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no.
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Nenek berkata, " Tidak, tidak, tidak.
01:07
Let me, let me push the button."
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Biar aku, aku saja yang menekan tombolnya."
01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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Dan Nenek menekan tombolnya,
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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dan dia berkata, " Wah, keren.
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair!
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Saya ingin melihat ini. Berikan saya kursi.
01:18
Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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Berikan saya kursi. Saya ingin melihatnya."
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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Dan dia duduk di depan mesin cuci,
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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dan melihat seluruh program mencuci.
01:27
She was mesmerized.
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Dan dia terpesona.
01:29
To my grandmother,
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Bagi nenek saya,
01:32
the washing machine was a miracle.
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mesin cuci adalah sebuah keajaiban.
01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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Hari ini, di Swedia dan di negara kaya lainnya,
01:38
people are using
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orang - orang menggunakan
01:40
so many different machines.
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banyak mesin berbeda.
01:42
Look, the homes are full of machines.
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Lihat, rumah - rumah penuh dengan mesin;
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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Saya bahkan tidak bisa menyebut semuanya.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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Dan mereka juga, ketika mereka ingin jalan - jalan,
01:49
they use flying machines
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mereka menggunakan mesin terbang
01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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yang bisa membawa mereka ke tempat yang jauh.
01:54
And yet, in the world, there are so many people
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Tetapi, di dunia, masih banyak orang
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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yang memanaskan air dengan api,
01:59
and they cook their food on fire.
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dan memasak makanan mereka dengan api.
02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food,
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Kadang - kadang mereka bahkan tidak memiliki cukup makanan.
02:04
and they live below the poverty line.
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Dan mereka hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan.
02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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Dan ada dua milyar umat manusia
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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yang hidup dengan kurang dari dua dollar sehari.
02:12
And the richest people over there --
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Dan orang paling kaya di sana --
02:14
there's one billion people --
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ada satu milyar orang --
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line,"
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dan mereka hidup di atas apa yang saya sebut sebagai garis langit,
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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karena mereka menghabiskan lebih dari $80 sehari
02:23
on their consumption.
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untuk konsumsi mereka.
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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Tetapi ini hanya satu, dua, tiga milyar orang,
02:28
and obviously there are seven billion people in the world,
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dan ada tujuh milyar orang di dunia,
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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jadi pasti ada satu, dua, tiga, empat milyar orang lagi,
02:34
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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yang hidup di antara garis kemiskinan dan garis langit.
02:37
They have electricity,
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Mereka punya listrik,
02:40
but the question is, how many have washing machines?
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tetapi pertanyaannya adalah, berapa banyak yang punya mesin cuci?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data,
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Saya memeriksa data pasar,
02:46
and I've found that, indeed,
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dan menemukan bahwa, memang,
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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mesin cuci telah menembus ke bawah garis langit,
02:51
and today there's an additional one billion people out there
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dan hari ini ada tambahan satu milyar orang
02:54
who live above the "wash line."
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yang hidup di atas garis cuci.
02:57
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
02:59
And they consume more than $40 per day.
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Dan mereka menghabiskan lebih dari $40 per hari.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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Jadi dua milyar orang memiliki mesin cuci.
03:06
And the remaining five billion,
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Dan lima milyar orang sisanya,
03:08
how do they wash?
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bagaimana cara mereka mencuci?
03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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Atau, lebih tepatnya,
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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bagaimana sebagian besar wanita di dunia mencuci?
03:15
Because it remains hard work for women to wash.
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Karena mencuci itu kerja keras untuk wanita.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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Mereka mencuci dengan tangan.
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming labor,
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Itu pekerjaan yang keras, makan waktu,
03:26
which they have to do for hours every week.
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dimana mereka harus melakukannya beberapa jam setiap minggu.
03:29
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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Dan kadang mereka harus membawa air dari tempat yang jauh
03:32
to do the laundry at home,
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untuk mencuci di rumah.
03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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Atau mereka harus membawa cucian ke tempat yang jauh.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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Dan mereka ingin mesin cuci.
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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Mereka tidak ingin menghabiskan sebagian besar hidup mereka
03:44
doing this hard work
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untuk melakukan pekerjaan keras
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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yang produktivitasnya rendah.
03:48
And there's nothing different in their wish
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Dan keinginan mereka
03:50
than it was for my grandma.
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tidak berbeda dengan nenek saya.
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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Lihat sini, dua generasi lalu di Swedia --
03:55
picking water from the stream,
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mengambil air dari sungai,
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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memanaskan dengan kayu bakar dan mencuci seperti itu.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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Mereka ingin mesin cuci dengan alasan yang sama.
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally-concerned students,
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Tetapi ketika saya berbicara dengan murid - murid yang ramah lingkungan,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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mereka berkata, " Tidak, semua orang di dunia boleh memiliki mobil dan mesin cuci."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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Lalu bagaimana kita mengatakan kepada wanita ini
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing machine?
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bahwa dia tidak akan punya mesin cuci?
04:15
And then I ask my students,
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Dan lalu saya bertanya kepada murid - murid saya,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years I've asked,
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saya bertanya kepada mereka -- selama dua tahun saya bertanya,
04:19
"How many of you doesn't use a car?"
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"Berapa banyak di antara kalian tidak memakai mobil?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand
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Dan sebagian dengan bangga mengangkat tangannya
04:23
and say, "I don't use a car."
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dan berkata, "Saya tidak memakai mobil."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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Lalu saya mengajukan pertanyaan sulit:
04:27
"How many of you
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"Berapa banyak di antara kalian
04:29
hand-wash your jeans and your bed sheets?"
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yang mencuci jins dan sprei dengan tangan?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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Dan tidak ada yang mengangkat tangan.
04:34
Even the hardcore in the green movement
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Bahkan fanatik pergerakan lingkungan pun
04:37
use washing machines.
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memakai mesin cuci.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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Jadi bagaimana sesuatu yang dipakai semua orang
04:45
and they think others will not stop it? What is special with this?
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dan mereka berpikir yang lain tidak akan menghentikannya; apa yang istimewa dengan ini?
04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy used in the world.
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Saya harus melakukan analisis tentang energi yang digunakan di dunia.
04:51
Here we are.
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Inilah dia.
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion people up there:
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Lihat, Anda melihat tujuh milyar orang di sana:
04:55
the air people, the wash people,
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penduduk langit, penduduk cucian,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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penduduk bohlam dan penduduk api.
05:00
One unit like this
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Satu unit seperti ini
05:02
is an energy unit of fossil fuel --
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adalah satu unit energi bahan bakar fosil --
05:05
oil, coal or gas.
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minyak, batu bara atau gas.
05:07
That's what most of electricity and the energy in the world is.
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Itulah yang menghasilkan listrik dan energi di dunia sekarang.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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Dan ada 12 unit yang digunakan di seluruh dunia,
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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dan satu milyar penduduk terkaya, mereka menggunakan enam di antaranya.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world's population.
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Setengah bagian energi digunakan sepertujuh populasi dunia.
05:20
And these ones who have washing machines,
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Dan bagian yang punya mesin cuci,
05:22
but not a house full of other machines,
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tetapi bukan sebuah rumah penuh dengan mesin lain,
05:24
they use two.
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mereka menggunakan dua.
05:26
This group uses three, one each.
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Kelompok ini menggunakan tiga, satu setiap orang.
05:28
And they also have electricity.
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Dan mereka juga punya listrik.
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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Dan di sana mereka bahkan tidak menggunakan satu setiap orang.
05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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Jadi jumlahnya 12.
05:35
But the main concern
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Tetapi keprihatinan utama
05:37
for the environmentally-interested students -- and they are right --
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untuk mahasiswa yang peduli lingkungan -- dan mereka benar --
05:40
is about the future.
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adalah tentang masa depan.
05:42
What are the trends? If we just prolong the trends,
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Apa trendnya? Kalau kita hanya memperpanjang trend,
05:45
without any real advanced analysis, to 2050,
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tanpa melakukan analisis mendalam, ke 2050,
05:48
there are two things that can increase the energy use.
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ada dua hal yang bisa meningkatkan penggunaan energi.
05:51
First, population growth.
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Pertama, pertumbuhan penduduk.
05:53
Second, economic growth.
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Kedua, pertumbuhan ekonomi.
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here
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Pertumbuhan penduduk terutama terjadi pada penduduk termiskin,
05:58
because they have high child mortality
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karena mereka memiliki tingkat kematian anak yang tinggi
06:00
and they have many children per woman.
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dan setiap wanita memiliki banyak anak,
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra,
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Dan dengan itu Anda akan mendapat dua tambahan,
06:04
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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tetapi itu tidak akan banyak mengubah penggunaan energi.
06:06
What will happen is economic growth.
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Apa yang akan terjadi adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi.
06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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Yang terbaik di sini adalah ekonomi berkembang --
06:11
I call them the New East --
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saya menyebut mereka Timur Baru --
06:13
they will jump the air line.
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mereka akan meloncati garis langit.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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"Wopp!" kata mereka.
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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Dan mereka akan mulai mengkonsumsi energi sebanyak Barat Tua.
06:20
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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Dan orang - orang ini, mereka ingin mesin cuci.
06:23
I told you. They'll go there.
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Sudah saya bilang. Mereka akan pergi ke sana.
06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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Dan mereka akan melipatgandakan penggunaan energi mereka.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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Dan kita harap orang miskin akan mendapatkan listrik.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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Dan mereka akan punya dua anak tanpa menghentikan pertumbuhan penduduk.
06:32
But the total energy consumption
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Tetapi total konsumsi energi
06:34
will increase to 22 units.
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akan meningkat menjadi 22 unit.
06:36
And these 22 units --
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Dan 22 unit ini
06:39
still the richest people use most of it.
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tetap saja orang kaya yang menggunakan sebagian besarnya.
06:43
So what needs to be done?
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Jadi apa yang harus dilakukan?
06:45
Because the risk,
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Karena resiko,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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kemungkinan besar perubahan iklim adalah nyata.
06:50
It's real.
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Benar - benar nyata.
06:52
Of course they must be more energy-efficient.
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Tentu saja mereka harus lebih efisien dalam menggunakan energi.
06:55
They must change behavior in some way.
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Mereka harus mengubah kelakuan mereka.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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Mereka juga harus mulai menghasilkan energi hijau,
06:59
much more green energy.
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energi hijau yang lebih banyak.
07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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Tetapi sampai mereka memiliki konsumsi energi yang sama per orang,
07:04
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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mereka tidak seharusnya memberikan nasehat kepada orang lain --
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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apa yang boleh dan apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan.
07:08
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
07:10
Here we can get more green energy all over.
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Di sini kita bisa mendapatkan energi hijau dimana-mana.
07:14
This is what we hope may happen.
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Ini yang kita harapkan terjadi.
07:16
It's a real challenge in the future.
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Ini adalah tantangan yang nyata di masa depan.
07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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Tetapi saya bisa memastikan kepada Anda bahwa wanita yang hidup di daerah kumuh di Rio ini,
07:22
she wants a washing machine.
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dia ingin mesin cuci.
07:24
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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Dia sangat senang dengan menteri energinya
07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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yang menyediakan listrik kepada semua orang --
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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sangat senangnya sehingga dia bahkan memilih dia.
07:32
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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Dan dia menjadi Dilma Rousseff,
07:34
the president-elect
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presiden terpilih
07:36
of one of the biggest democracies in the world --
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dari salah satu negara demokrasi di dunia --
07:38
moving from minister of energy to president.
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dari menteri energi menjadi presiden.
07:41
If you have democracy,
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Jika Anda memiliki demokrasi,
07:43
people will vote for washing machines.
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orang - orang akan memilih untuk mesin cuci.
07:45
They love them.
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Mereka mencintainya.
07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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Dan apa yang sakti dengan mesin cuci?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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Ibu saya menjelaskan kesaktian mesin cuci
07:54
the very, very first day.
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pada hari pertama.
07:56
She said, "Now Hans,
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Dia berkata, " Sekarang Hans,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry.
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kita telah memasukkan cucian;
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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mesin yang akan bekerja.
08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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Dan sekarang kita bisa pergi ke perpustakaan."
08:04
Because this is the magic:
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Karena ini adalah keajaiban:
08:06
you load the laundry,
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Anda memasukkan cucian,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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dan apa yang Anda dapatkan dari mesin?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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Anda mendapatkan buku dari mesin,
08:13
children's books.
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buku anak - anak.
08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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Dan Ibu punya waktu untuk membaca untuk saya.
08:17
She loved this. I got the "ABC's" --
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Dia menyukainya. Saya dapat " ABC".
08:19
this is where I started my career as a professor,
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Ini adalah dimana saya memulai karir saya sebagai seorang professor,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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ketika Ibu punya waktu untuk membaca buat saya.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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Dan dia juga mendapat buku untuk dirinya sendiri.
08:26
She managed to study English
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Dia belajar bahasa Inggris
08:28
and learn that as a foreign language.
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dan mempelajarinya sebagai bahasa asing.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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Dan dia membaca banyak novel,
08:32
so many different novels here.
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begitu banyak macam novel.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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Dan kita benar - benar mencintai mesin ini.
08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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Dan apa yang kita katakan, ibu dan saya,
08:42
"Thank you industrialization.
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"Terima kasih industrialisasi.
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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Terima kasih pabrik baja.
08:47
Thank you power station.
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Terima kasih pembangkit listrik.
08:49
And thank you chemical processing industry
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Dan terima kasih industri pengolahan bahan kimia
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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yang memberi kami waktu untuk membaca buku."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionaryIn Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.
Why you should listen
Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.
What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.
Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.
Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)
Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.
Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com