Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: How Africa can keep rising
إنغوزي أوكنجو آيويلا: كيف يمكن لأفريقيا أن تستمر بالنهوض
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is being challenged.
I spoke about an Africa,
that you normally hear about
عن أفريقيا التي تسمعون عنها عادًة
جزء من قصة نهضة أفريقيا
as the narrative of the rising Africa.
about this rising Africa.
أولها متعلقة ب رواندا
through many trials and tribulations.
the technology hub, or a technology hub
أو مركز تكنولوجي في القارة
and hilly terrain,
شبيهة بهذه المنطقة قليلًا
to deliver services to people.
في سبيل إنقاذ الحيوات
it's going to try using drones
لإيصال عقاقير
vaccines and blood
a company called Zipline,
ومع UPS ومع GAVI اتحاد المصول العالمي
a global vaccine alliance.
we want to see in the rising Africa.
الذي نود رؤيته في نهضة أفريقيا
من المؤكد أنكم رأيتموه او ستتذكرونه
have seen or will remember.
suffer drought and floods,
من الجفاف والطوفان
because of climate change effects.
بسبب تأثيرات تغير المناخ
for international appeals to raise money.
ينتظرون منظمة الإغاثة العالمية لجمع المال
with flies on their faces,
جثث لجيوانات ميتة وما إلى ذلك
تحت راية الاتحاد الأفريقي
32 countries, came together
called the African Risk Capacity.
تسمى ال African Risk Capacity
is to pay insurance each year,
هو أن تدفع التأمين كل عام
of their own resources,
من مواردهم الخاصة
a difficult drought situation or flood,
حالة جفاف أو طوفان شديدة
to take care of their populations,
last year paid 26 million dollars
السنة الماضية 26 مليون دولار
تأثروا بالجفاف
of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
feed children in school
وإطعام الأطفال في المدارس
instead of migrating out of the area.
بدلاَ من الهجرة خارج المنطقة
to take responsibility for itself,
for its own problems.
been doing well in the last two years.
في السنتين الماضيتين
5 بالمئة سنوياَ
at five percent per annum
was three percent. Why?
commodity prices have fallen.
تراجعت أسعار المواد الخام
تحرّكها المواد الخام
are still commodity driven,
performance has slipped.
doesn't make it any easier.
من الاتحاد الأوروبي لا تجعل الأمر أسهل
بريطانيا من الاتحاد الأوروبي
that would cause global uncertainty
التي ستسبب عدم الاستقرار العالمي
that the African countries did right?
التي فعلتها الدول الأفريقية بشكل صحيح ؟
and learn lessons
للإبقاء على نهضة أفريقيا
that I think we did right.
أعتقد أننا قمنا بها بشكل صحيح
our economies better.
when Africa was not doing well,
كانت العقود الضائعة
an "Economist" cover
علم صناع القرار
the macroeconomic environment better,
بشكل أفضل لتأمين الاستقرار
below three percent of GDP,
أقل من 3 بالمئة من إجمالي الناتج المحلي
للاستثمار
to invest in these economies.
of African countries was 130 percent,
نسبة الدين إلى إجمالي الناتج المحلي
to invest in their development
للاستثمار في تطورهم
ممن عملوا في دعم الدول الأفريقية
who worked to support African countries
and bilaterals came together
والثنائي أتوا معاً
الدول الفقيرة المثقلة بالديون
Poor Countries Initiative
في عام 2005
fall down to about 30 percent,
إلى إجمالي الناتج المحلي بنسبة 30 بالمئة
to try and reinvest.
وإعادة الاستثمار
loss-making enterprises.
they were making losses.
وكانوا يجنون الخسائر
were restructured,
less of a burden on government.
was a very interesting thing.
كان لدينا 11 مليون خط هاتف
mobile lines on the continent.
خط هواتف محمولة في القارة
with some mobile technology
of mobile money --
have heard about --
أن أفريقيا كانت في المقدمة
to notice that Africa was ahead
is also providing a platform
منصة للوصول للطاقة البديلة
الدفع للنظام الشمسي
for cards for their telephone.
something that went right.
شيٌء سار بشكل صحيح
in education and health, not enough,
in the last one and a half decades.
في العقد والنصف الماضيين
that conflicts decreased.
on the continent.
even managed to dampen some coups.
and I'll refer to those later.
وسأعود لها لاحقًا
some differentiation on the continent
بعض الاختلافات في القارة
the doom and gloom is here,
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
تانزانيا و السنغال
relatively well at the moment.
more things wrong than right.
أكثر من الصحيحة
بشكل خاطئ
we didn't create enough jobs.
is about 15 percent,
the quality of growth was not good enough.
were low-productivity jobs,
فرص ذات إنتاجية منخفضة
from low-productivity agriculture
من الزراعة منخفضة الإنتاجية
and working in the informal sector
في المناطق المتمدّنة
is that inequality increased.
من الفقراء في القارة
75 million people on the continent.
that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
هذا هو الأمر الرابع،انخفضت فعلًا
because of population growth.
حوله في القارة
of a dialogue about on the continent.
to get a handle on it,
لهذه المشكلة بالذات
on this particular issue.
enough in infrastructure.
كفاية في البنية التحتية
ساعدت بعض البلدان
but it's not enough.
in Africa on the continent
is equivalent to Spain.
معادل لإسبانيا
is equivalent to that of Spain.
ذلك الاستهلاك في إسبانيا
Development Bank said recently,
retain the same structure
على نفس الهياكل
has not changed very much.
هو نشر لفرص العمل
It's exporting jobs.
is only 11 percent.
decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
و لائقة لشبابنا
is among ourselves.
وأحياناً مؤسسات غير موجودة
and I think this gives way for corruption.
yet gotten a good enough handle on,
القدرة الكافية للتعامل معه
in the way we manage our economies
كيفية إدارة اقتصادنا
in my country, Nigeria,
بوكو حرام في موطني نيجيريا
with international partners,
to fight this together.
لمكافحة هذه الصراعات معًا
we want for a rising Africa.
in many countries are broken.
needed for the future.
للمستقبل
to educate better.
that we are not doing right.
بشكل صحيح
is to learn to manage success.
أن نتعلم إدارة النجاح
or countries succeed,
is vital for us.
بشكل صحيح
keep doing it right.
creating stability is vital,
شيء هام
and policy consistency.
policies that were there before.
الموجودة سابقًا هناك
for people, for households,
the success we had in reducing our debt,
الذي حصلنا عليه في تخفيض ديوننا
are back to borrowing again,
beginning to creep up,
بالنسبة لإجمالي الناتج المحلي
so we have to avoid that.
is focusing with a laser beam
they have to invest in this,
أنها يجب أن تستثمر في هذا
the best they can to do that.
engage our young people.
وأشعر بالجاهزية للانطلاق
in the morning and feel ready to go.
the genius of our young people,
support them to create and innovate
ويمهّدوا الطريق
in the right direction.
that girls and women are a gift.
contribute to the continent.
that when we do all of these things,
if we unleash our youth,
in the audience,
is not for tomorrow,
it's a longer term thing.
emerging opportunities in the world.
corruption in your talk,
as a strong anticorruption fighter.
and your mother was kidnapped.
It's been very difficult.
the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
is that when you fight corruption,
of people who are stealing money,
الذين يسرقون المال
is when they try to intimidate you,
عندما يحاولون تخويفك
to stay on and fight back?
with the teams I worked with
the heritage of the future.
we continued to make that point.
nobody is going to fight corruption
سينتج عن ذلك عواقب
that comes with consequences,
for giving us a voice
for your great talk and important work.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com