David Camarillo: Why helmets don't prevent concussions -- and what might
ديفيد كاماريللو: لماذا لا تحمي الخوذ من الارتجاج الدماغي -- وما الذي قد يحقق ذلك؟
David Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury. Full bio
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these days more so than it ever has,
أكثر من ذي قبل،
what was much worse than that
أسوء من ذلك
where I suffered concussions,
وعانيت من ارتجاج المخ،
of the most recent one
من آخرها
that a repeated history of concussion
المتكرر لارتجاج المخ
such as Alzheimer's,
of the Will Smith movie "Concussion."
"الارتجاج الدماغي."
and what they see in the military,
وما يرونه في الجيش،
of concussion for kids,
لارتجاج المخ عند الأطفال،
بممارسة الرياضة،
that I should tell you
in bicycling and football
ركوب الدراجات وكرة القدم
your children against concussion.
من ارتجاج المخ.
against skull fracture.
all the time from parents,
play football?"
كرة القدم الأمريكية؟"
with any kind of confidence there.
مؤكدة على هذا السؤال.
from a bit of a different lens,
مختلفة بعض الشيء،
how can we prevent concussion?
من ارتجاج المخ؟
of the details around concussion
بارتجاج المخ
a better understanding.
الجمجمة باستخدام الخوذ
to prevent skull fracture with helmets
We know how it works.
كيف يحدث ذلك.
much more of a mystery.
غامضاً للغاية.
be happening in a concussion,
في حالة ارتجاج المخ،
على الأمراض،
tells the whole story.
على نحو أساسي.
into the other side of the skull.
الآخر من الجمجمة.
من مركز الوقاية والسيطرة على الأمراض،
in this video from the CDC,
هو من قام بتمويله،
smashed into the skull,
so it's on the outer surface of the brain.
هو في السطح الخارجي للدماغ.
some aspects that are probably right,
الصحيحة على الأرجح،
في حالة الارتجاج الدماغي،
think happens with concussion,
that's wrong with this video.
في هذا الفيديو.
أن الكثير من الخبراء كذلك أيضاً،
and I think most experts would,
does have these dynamics.
back and forth and oscillate.
وإياباً والتأرجح.
you see in the brain in this video
في الدماغ في هذا الفيديو
in the cranial vault,
الجزء الأسفل للجمجمة،
with cerebral spinal fluid,
moves very little inside the skull.
قليلاً جداً داخل الجمجمة.
as it moves around,
substances in your body,
kind of like jello.
and turning and contorting,
to be something that's happening
المخ شيئ يحدث
that's much deeper
approaching this problem
the mechanisms of concussion
that are essentially the same
تشبه أساساً
the mouthguard is this:
substances in your body.
possible measurement
other approaches, with helmets.
استخدام الخوذ.
that go on your skin,
والتي يتم الصاقها بجلدك،
is the only reliable way
الوحيدة الموثوقة
we can go beyond studying cadavers,
الذهاب أبعد من دراسة الجثث،
الارتجاج الدماغي
learn so much about concussion
and study live humans.
أشخاص أحياء.
a group of willing volunteers
المتطوعين على استعداد
into each other on a regular basis
على نحو منتظم
Stanford football team.
لجامعة (ستانفورد).
we measured with this device.
is the device has this gyroscope in it,
الجهاز يحتوي على جيروسكوب بداخله،
to measure the rotation of the head.
that that's the critical factor
what is happening in concussion.
الارتجاج الدماغي.
extra people late, but Luck has time,
اللاعبين، ولكن (لاك) لديه وقت،
just this little post route,
You'll hear this.
is probably a little excessive there.
مرات زائدة عن الحد قليلاً.
is he got hit really hard and he was hurt.
أنه تعرض لصدمة قوية وتأذى نتيجة لذلك.
much richer information.
أكثر غناً.
in the lower left side of his face mask.
للجانب الأيسر لقناع وجهه.
that was a little counterintuitive.
متوقع بعض الشيء.
to whip back to the right.
was sort of a whiplash-type phenomenon,
تعد نوعاً ما كإصابة السوط،
what led to the brain injury.
that it can measure the skull motion,
الحالات حيث يقيس حركة الجمجمة،
is what's happening inside of the brain.
يحدث داخل الدماغ.
Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden.
(ستيفين كليفين) في السويد.
model of the brain.
from the injury I just showed you,
التي أريتكم لها،
and contorting as I mentioned.
ذكرت من قبل.
look a lot like the CDC video.
فيديو المركز .
is being stretched.
to 50 percent of its original length,
طوله الطبيعي،
your attention to is this red spot.
إليه فهو هذه البقعة الحمراء.
to the center of the brain,
منتصف الدماغ،
on the exterior surface
السطح الخارجي
على الأمراض).
concussion might be happening,
that a concussion is more likely
الارتجاج الدماغي أكبر
rotates in this direction.
في هذا الإتجاه.
in sports like football,
مثل كرة القدم،
So what might be happening there?
يحدث هناك؟
in the human brain
في الدماغ البشري
الكبيرين للغاية.
and the left brain.
to notice in this figure here
في هذا الشكل هنا
of the right brain and the left brain
that goes deep into the brain.
what you can't see in this image,
في هذه الصورة،
all the way to the back of your head,
الطريق حتى مؤخرة الرأس،
is when you're struck
in this left-right direction,
right down to the center of your brain.
إلى منتصف الدماغ.
at the bottom of this fissure?
here at the bottom of that fissure
هنا في قاع الفجوة
the right and left sides of your brain.
الأيمن بالجانب الأيسر.
mechanisms of concussion,
they strike the corpus callosum,
الجسم الثفني،
between your right and your left brain
of the symptoms of concussion.
of what we've seen
chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
ألا وهي التلف الدماغي المزمن.
ex-professional football player,
في منتصف العمر،
is if you look at the corpus callosum,
ما ألقيتم نظرة على الجسم الثفني،
the size of a normal corpus callosum
رؤية حجم الجسم الثفني الطبيعي
who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
الدماغي المزمن،
for all of the space in the ventricles.
بين البطينين.
near the center of the brain
قرب مركز الدماغ
is indeed consistent.
of hope by the end of this talk.
هذه المحادثة.
this mechanism of injury,
of the forces down this fissure,
للضربات أسفل هذا التجويف،
من الزمن.
slow the head down just enough
حركة الرأس بالقدر الكافي
does not lag behind the skull
in synchrony with the skull,
مع الجمجمة،
this mechanism of concussion.
الارتجاج الدماغي هذه.
but some of you may have seen this.
البعض منكم ذلك.
and it's a real sport.
from my house the other day,
هذه الرياضة في الشارع،
there have been no reported concussions.
حالات ارتجاج دماغي.
this principle does work,
for bike riding or playing football.
أو لعب كرة قدم.
with a company in Sweden called Hövding.
تدعى (هوفدينغ).
of air to give you some extra space
المزيد من المساحة
في المنزل.
that are in our mouthguard,
to have a fall,
that explodes and triggers,
works in your car, essentially.
الهوائية في سيارتك.
we've done in my lab with their device,
بمساعدة أجهزتهم،
نسبة التعرض لارتجاج الدماغ في بعض الحالات
the risk of concussion in some scenarios
العادية.
the benefits of technology
الارتجاج الدماغي،
and probably won't be any time soon.
وربما لن يكون في وقت قريب.
there are some not so good reasons.
ليست جيدة بالدرجة الكافية.
has been given jurisdiction
الإستهلاكية الإختصاص
at the beginning about skull fracture.
بخصوص كسر الجمجمة.
but it's not sufficient, I would say.
ذلك ليس كافياً،
التي لا يقيّمها هذا الاختبار
this test doesn't evaluate
is that airbag going to trigger
الهوائية ستنطلق
and not trigger when it doesn't need to?
تنفتح حين عدم الحاجة إليها؟
to prevent concussion or not?
الدماغي أم لا؟
which aren't regulated,
القدم، الغير مجازة،
by the government, anyway.
which is the way most industries work.
تعمل بها أغلب الصناعات.
الصناعي، ظل معارضاً لدرجة كبيرة
has been quite resistant
the mechanism of concussion,
الارتجاج الدماغي فقط،
how can we have better test standards?
معايير اختبار أفضل؟
can use this type of information
النوع من المعلومات
to the original question I asked,
الأصلي الذي ألقيته،
letting my child play football
يلعب كرة القدم
of my own traumatic experience.
about my daughter, Rose, riding a bicycle.
وهي تركب دراجة.
race down the streets of San Francisco.
أن تتسابق في شوارع (سان فرانسسكو).
of one of these streets.
is to -- and I believe this is possible --
أن هذا ممكن --
on something in my lab in particular
على وجه الخصوص
of the given space of a helmet.
التي تتيحها الخوذة.
that we will be able to,
the risk of concussion
of more immediate nature,
التي لا تحتمل التأخير،
and grandparents when I'm asked,
عندما يتم إلقاء الأسئلة علي،
to engage in these activities.
في هذه النشاطات.
رائع في جامعة (ستانفورد)
to have a wonderful team at Stanford
with the final story,
سنين بالقصة النهائية،
when you hear the word concussion.
لكلمة ارتجاج دماغي.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Camarillo - BioengineerDavid Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury.
Why you should listen
Dr. David Camarillo, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Bioengineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. He holds a B.S.E in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University (2001), a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University (2008) and completed his postdoctoral research fellowship in Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco in 2011.
Camarillo worked in the surgical robotics industry at Intuitive Surgical and Hansen Medical, before launching his laboratory at Stanford in 2012. His current research focuses on designing force measurement devices for multiple clinical and scientific applications including embryo development, brain trauma and cardiac therapy.
Camarillo was recently awarded the Hellman Fellowship for his work in robot-assisted reproduction as well as the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program award for his research in brain biomechanics.
David Camarillo | Speaker | TED.com