David Camarillo: Why helmets don't prevent concussions -- and what might
デイビッド・カマリロ: なぜヘルメットでは脳震盪を防げないのか―何で防げばよいのか
David Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
these days more so than it ever has,
恐ろしい言葉になっています
身に染みて感じています
what was much worse than that
where I suffered concussions,
脳震盪に苦しんだことで―
of the most recent one
that a repeated history of concussion
such as Alzheimer's,
引き起こす可能性があります
of the Will Smith movie "Concussion."
このような題材を取り上げているので
and what they see in the military,
ということはご存知でしょう
of concussion for kids,
子供のスポーツ関連脳震盪の第一原因だと
少ないかもしれません
that I should tell you
皆さんがおそらく知らないことを
in bicycling and football
多くのスポーツで使用するヘルメットは
your children against concussion.
ないのです
頭がい骨骨折から守るための
against skull fracture.
all the time from parents,
play football?"
アメフトをさせたいと思いますか?」
サッカーをさせるべきでしょうか?」と
with any kind of confidence there.
from a bit of a different lens,
この質問を見てみます
how can we prevent concussion?
防げないと考えています
of the details around concussion
分かってきており
a better understanding.
理解することができるようになっています
to prevent skull fracture with helmets
頭がい骨骨折を防げるかというと
We know how it works.
その仕組みが分かっています
much more of a mystery.
ほとんど知られていません
be happening in a concussion,
何が起きるかイメージしやすいよう
「脳震盪とは何?」と検索すると
ウェブサイトが出てくるので
tells the whole story.
脳震盪の全体像が分かります
頭が前に動くと
into the other side of the skull.
衝突します
in this video from the CDC,
CDCの動画で
smashed into the skull,
so it's on the outer surface of the brain.
some aspects that are probably right,
脳震盪が起こる仕組みは
think happens with concussion,
別の面ではむしろ誤りであることを
that's wrong with this video.
ということです
and I think most experts would,
共通の認識なのは
does have these dynamics.
back and forth and oscillate.
前後に動き そして振動もする
you see in the brain in this video
脳の動きの程度は
in the cranial vault,
ほとんど余分な空間はありません
with cerebral spinal fluid,
moves very little inside the skull.
ほんの少ししか動いていません
as it moves around,
substances in your body,
最も柔らかいものの一つです
kind of like jello.
and turning and contorting,
to be something that's happening
that's much deeper
という考えに
approaching this problem
the mechanisms of concussion
that are essentially the same
携帯電話と同じような
the mouthguard is this:
substances in your body.
possible measurement
どのように頭蓋骨が動くか
other approaches, with helmets.
試した人もいます
that go on your skin,
試みましたが
is the only reliable way
取得できるということが
we can go beyond studying cadavers,
死体から学べる以上のことが学べます
learn so much about concussion
最善の方法は
and study live humans.
もっと多くのことを学べるのです
a group of willing volunteers
into each other on a regular basis
積極的なボランティアは―
Stanford football team.
アメフトチームのメンバーです
we measured with this device.
これです
is the device has this gyroscope in it,
これには姿勢制御装置が入っていて
to measure the rotation of the head.
that that's the critical factor
what is happening in concussion.
最も重要な要素だと考えています
extra people late, but Luck has time,
ラックは余裕のプレイ
抜きますが
just this little post route,
You'll hear this.
このような音が聞こえます
is probably a little excessive there.
3回はちょっとやりすぎでした
is he got hit really hard and he was hurt.
ということしか分からないでしょう
much richer information.
見えてきます
in the lower left side of his face mask.
アタックされたことが分かります
that was a little counterintuitive.
to whip back to the right.
was sort of a whiplash-type phenomenon,
むち打ちの現象に似ていて
what led to the brain injury.
と考えられます
that it can measure the skull motion,
できますが
is what's happening inside of the brain.
知ることはできません
Svein Kleiven's group in Sweden.
クライベン氏のグループと共同研究をしました
model of the brain.
from the injury I just showed you,
衝突のデータを使い
and contorting as I mentioned.
見えるでしょう
look a lot like the CDC video.
分かると思います
is being stretched.
示しています
to 50 percent of its original length,
通常の長さより―
your attention to is this red spot.
この赤い部分です
to the center of the brain,
脳の中心に非常に近いところです
on the exterior surface
concussion might be happening,
お伝えします
that a concussion is more likely
rotates in this direction.
脳震盪が起きる可能性が高いということです
in sports like football,
よく起こり―
So what might be happening there?
いったい何が起きているのでしょうか
in the human brain
人間の脳は―
and the left brain.
to notice in this figure here
of the right brain and the left brain
that goes deep into the brain.
大きな溝があります
what you can't see in this image,
この図では見えないのですが
all the way to the back of your head,
続いています
is when you're struck
頭が左右に動いた時
in this left-right direction,
right down to the center of your brain.
脳の中心まで届きます
at the bottom of this fissure?
溝の底はどうなっているのでしょうか
here at the bottom of that fissure
溝の底にあるこの赤い神経線維束は
the right and left sides of your brain.
mechanisms of concussion,
起こりうる最も高い可能性であり
they strike the corpus callosum,
脳梁に達し
between your right and your left brain
考えられます
of the symptoms of concussion.
いくつかの脳震盪の症状が説明できます
of what we've seen
先に述べた慢性外傷性脳症でも
chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
ex-professional football player,
is if you look at the corpus callosum,
脳梁です
the size of a normal corpus callosum
who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
for all of the space in the ventricles.
near the center of the brain
is indeed consistent.
みごとに整合しています
of hope by the end of this talk.
希望を持って頂けるようにします
this mechanism of injury,
of the forces down this fissure,
slow the head down just enough
does not lag behind the skull
in synchrony with the skull,
this mechanism of concussion.
頭の動きを減速できるのでしょうか?
より時間を稼げます
but some of you may have seen this.
何人かの方々はこれを見たことがあるでしょう
and it's a real sport.
れっきとしたスポーツです
from my house the other day,
家から見ました
脳震盪は報告されていません
there have been no reported concussions.
this principle does work,
この原理で説明がつきます
for bike riding or playing football.
現実的ではありません
with a company in Sweden called Hövding.
スウェーデンの企業と連携しました
of air to give you some extra space
頭を守るスペースを増やして
ヘルメットを着けていませんが
that are in our mouthguard,
センサーが付いていて
to have a fall,
それを察知し―
that explodes and triggers,
works in your car, essentially.
基本的には同じ方法です
we've done in my lab with their device,
彼らのデバイスを使った実験をした結果
the risk of concussion in some scenarios
通常の自転車用ヘルメットと比較して
分かりました
the benefits of technology
すでに販売されていますが
and probably won't be any time soon.
販売できないでしょう
there are some not so good reasons.
連邦政府によって規制されています
has been given jurisdiction
at the beginning about skull fracture.
頭蓋骨折の話に戻ります
but it's not sufficient, I would say.
ただし 充分ではないと思います
this test doesn't evaluate
is that airbag going to trigger
and not trigger when it doesn't need to?
評価しません
ヘルメットが脳震盪を防ぐかどうかは
to prevent concussion or not?
which aren't regulated,
by the government, anyway.
which is the way most industries work.
これは多くの産業製品でそうだと思います
has been quite resistant
the mechanism of concussion,
脳震盪のメカニズムだけでなく―
how can we have better test standards?
can use this type of information
技術の革新を推進してほしいと
変わるはずです
to the original question I asked,
最初の質問に戻りたいと思います
letting my child play football
抵抗はないかという―
of my own traumatic experience.
基づいた答えにはなりますが
about my daughter, Rose, riding a bicycle.
いささかびくびくします
race down the streets of San Francisco.
自転車で走りたがっています
of one of these streets.
is to -- and I believe this is possible --
実現可能だと信じていることは―
on something in my lab in particular
ヘルメット内の空間の最適な利用方法について
of the given space of a helmet.
that we will be able to,
彼女が二輪車を乗る準備が出来た時には
実際に軽減することができる―
the risk of concussion
of more immediate nature,
私があと数年で―
and grandparents when I'm asked,
お子さんにこれらのアクティビティをさせることは
to engage in these activities.
伝えることができるようにすることです
to have a wonderful team at Stanford
日々切磋琢磨できる素晴らしい仲間が
非常に幸運なことです
with the final story,
最終報告をしたいと思っています
when you hear the word concussion.
怖がらないでください
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Camarillo - BioengineerDavid Camarillo's research focuses on understanding and preventing traumatic brain injury.
Why you should listen
Dr. David Camarillo, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Bioengineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. He holds a B.S.E in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University (2001), a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University (2008) and completed his postdoctoral research fellowship in Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco in 2011.
Camarillo worked in the surgical robotics industry at Intuitive Surgical and Hansen Medical, before launching his laboratory at Stanford in 2012. His current research focuses on designing force measurement devices for multiple clinical and scientific applications including embryo development, brain trauma and cardiac therapy.
Camarillo was recently awarded the Hellman Fellowship for his work in robot-assisted reproduction as well as the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program award for his research in brain biomechanics.
David Camarillo | Speaker | TED.com