Sarah T. Stewart: Where did the Moon come from? A new theory
سارة ت.ستيوارت: من أين جاء القمر؟ نظرية جديدة
Sarah T. Stewart specializes in the study of collisions in the solar system. Full bio
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led to a discovery
we think about the Earth and Moon.
is smash planets together.
using cannons like this one.
بواسطة مدافع مثل هذا.
the extreme conditions
I can collide whole planets together
على تصادم كواكب كاملة مع بعضها
how to make the Earth and the Moon
from other planets.
of the Earth and Moon
struck the young Earth,
كوكب المريخ اصطدم بكوكب الأرض اليافع،
the debris disc around the planet.
من الأمور المرتبطة بالقمر،
so many things about the Moon,
من كوكب بحجم المريخ،
from the Mars-sized planet,
are made from different materials.
are actually like identical twins.
كالتوائم المتطابقة.
في نظائر العناصر.
in the isotopes of the elements.
have identical isotopes.
are made from the same materials.
من نفس العناصر.
and the Moon are twins.
والقمر توأمين.
from different materials,
have the same genetic relationship.
لها نفس العلاقة الجينية.
on the origin of the Moon,
reject the whole idea of the giant impact.
فكرة الاصطدام العملاق بأكملها.
to explain the special relationship
أن تفسر بها العلاقة الخاصة
لم تكن توجد أفكار أفضل.
there weren't any better ideas.
had even bigger flaws.
the giant impact theory.
نظرية الاصطدام العملاق.
that we try changing the spin
أن نحاول تغيير دوران
دمج عناصر أكثر
could mix more material
على كوكب الأرض.
that part of the model.
يتحكم في مدة اليوم على الأرض؟
the length of Earth's day?
لاصطدامات عملاقة تُسهم في نشأة القمر.
giant impacts that could make the Moon.
faster-spinning giant impacts,
بدوران أسرع،
الموجودة في الكوكب.
mixture of materials as the planet.
to explain the Moon.
that that's just not very likely.
أن ذلك نادر الحدوث.
is different from the planet,
مختلفًا عن الكوكب،
making our Moon this way
for everyone to accept the idea
to Earth was an accident.
كانت مجرد صدفة.
was still in trouble,
how to make the Moon.
when I realized my mistake.
بهذه الاصطدامات العملاقة سريعة الدوران.
from these fast-spinning giant impacts.
thinking about the Moon,
ومتبخرًا جزئيًّا
and partially vaporized
connected to the disc.
مثيرًا للاهتمام.
might be something really interesting.
with a separate disc around it.
was how we tested
أن ينتهي بنشأة القمر.
going to look like a planet.
كان ينشئ شيئًا جديدًا تمامًا.
was making something completely new.
in front of me
to try and figure it out.
with the unknown?
في مواجهة المجهول؟
a planet anymore?
of our old way of thinking,
في التقكير،
throw away all of the data,
كان بإمكاني التخلص من كل تلك البيانات،
على أرض الواقع،
into the real world to test them,
with computer models
من الاصطدامات العملاقة،
after most giant impacts,
لدرجة يختفي معها السطح.
that gets denser and denser with depth.
الذي يصبح أكثر كثافة مع ازدياد العمق.
to figure out what was really going on
of astronomical object.
its rounded shape.
وازدادت سرعة دورانه،
حتى يصل إلى مرحلة حرجة.
until it reaches a tipping point.
spreads into a disc.
of being a planet.
as it gets bigger and bigger;
between all of the material.
of a spheroidal shape.
وسرعة الدوران حد الشكل الكروي.
of one of my simulations,
quickly from a previous giant impact.
بسبب اصطدام عملاق سابق.
would be recognizable
المياه الموجودة على السطح
vaporizes the surface,
in just a few hours.
في غضون ساعات قليلة.
تنتج عنها أجسام سينيستيا،
giant impacts make synestias,
don't live very long.
لا تعيش طويلًا.
and turn back into planets.
وتصبح كواكب من جديد.
like Earth were growing,
لمرة أو أكثر.
one or more times.
the problem of the origin of the Moon.
لحل مشكل نشأة القمر.
داخل جسم سينيستيا ضخم ومتبخر.
inside a huge, vaporous synestia.
inside the Earth
inside the synestia for years,
وتقلص سينيستيا
cooling and shrinking
for hundreds of years longer.
into two new bodies,
identical Earth and Moon.
throughout the universe.
في مخيلتنا:
by finding them in our imagination:
in the world around me?
by my own assumptions?
إلى القمر،
على دراية تامة بها
something truly amazing.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah T. Stewart - Planetary scientistSarah T. Stewart specializes in the study of collisions in the solar system.
Why you should listen
Sarah T. Stewart has been a Professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UC Davis since 2014, following 11 years as a Professor at Harvard University. A planetary scientist and MacArthur Fellow, she specializes in the study of collisions in the solar system and directs the Shock Compression Laboratory, which uses light gas guns to study shock waves in planetary materials. Stewart is best known for proposing a new model for the origin of the Moon, and she is dedicated to public outreach in the planetary sciences.
Sarah T. Stewart | Speaker | TED.com