David Asch: Why it's so hard to make healthy decisions
دايفيد آش: من أجل رعاية صحية أفضل، احتضن اللاعقلانية
David Asch advances individual and population health by improving the way physicians and patients make decisions in health care and in everyday life. Full bio
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the Governor of New Jersey,
passenger seat of this SUV
الأيمن من هذه السيارة .
the Garden State Parkway.
to a New Jersey trauma center
and multiple lacerations.
seven units of blood,
سبعة وحدات من الدم،
to help him breathe
who used to drive Governor Corzine around
موكب حاكم نيوجرسي كورزين.
was Governor of New Jersey,
حاكما على نيو جرسي.
the CEO of Goldman Sachs,
Goldman Sachs public,
لتصبح شركة مساهمة عامة
of Jon Corzine politically
نحو جون كورزين سياسيا.
in a car accident,
that seat belts save lives.
يعرفون أن حزام الأمان ينقذ الأرواح.
a fundamental weakness
to improving health behavior.
and everything we tell patients
وكل ما نخبر به المرضى
that we behave rationally.
that information in my head,
فسأفعّل هذه المعلومات في رأسي.
that seat belts save lives?
أن حزام الأمان لا ينقذ الأرواح؟
just didn't get the memo?
a knowledge deficit,
is a high-resistance pathway.
لديه طريقة عالية من المقاومة.
with information is hard enough.
substantial improvements
من خلالها تحسينات معتبرة.
in the behavior of health and health care.
في السلوك الصحي والرعاية الصحية.
with a reflex hammer,
a lot faster and a lot more predictably
behavioral reflexes
يوازي السلوكات المنعكسة
بهذه السلوكات المنعكسة
to human motivation
don't behave as they should,
was dangerous, they wouldn't smoke."
أن التدخين خطير ، فإنهم لا يدخنون"
we're all constantly calculating
of every one of our actions
the perfectly right, rational decision.
التام، و القرارات الصائبة
payment system for doctors
and deductibles for patients,
و الخصم من أجل المرضى
in behavioral economics.
that we are irrational.
توضّح أننا غير عقلانيين
or to social context.
ضمن سياق اجتماعي
long-term best interests.
لأفضل مصالحنا.
to behavioral economics
that we are irrational;
in highly predictable ways.
في أعلى مستوى تنبؤي.
of our psychological foibles
strategies to overcome them.
استراتيجيتنا للتغلب عليها
reflexes that get us into trouble
التي تأخذنا إلى المتاعب.
in something called "present bias,"
في شيء يسمى "النزعة الآنية"
are much more motivating
far in the future.
and I'm always on a diet --
piece of chocolate cake,
قطعة من كعكة الشوكولاتة
eat that chocolate cake.
on that part of my body -- permanently --
looks so good and delicious,
like to avoid a stroke,
your antihypertensive medications
الأدوية الخافضة للضغط
to reduce that risk,
and taking medications is right now.
في المستقبل وأخذ الأدوية يجب أن يكون الآن.
prescribed high blood pressure pills
وصفت لهم حبوب الضغط الدموي العالي
the value of small probabilities.
في تقدير قيمة احتمالات صغيرة.
why state lotteries are so popular,
نظام اليانصيب شعبي جدا
pennies on the dollar.
may buy lottery tickets --
يشتري بطاقات يانصيب
you might strike it rich ...
to invest your retirement savings.
في استثمار مدخرات تقاعدك.
I am not making this up -- that said,
ـ وأنا لست من كتبه ـ يقول
on people who can't do math."
الذين لا يفهمون الرياضيات."
attention to regret.
والكثير جدا من الانتباه تجاه الأسف
this recent lottery,
هذا اليانصيب الجديد
something like over a billion dollars.
مثل مليار دولار
is pooling money to buy lottery tickets,
من أجل شراء هذه البطاقات
around the office,
on people who can't do math."
للناس الذين لا يفهمون الرياضيات."
at work the next day.
في المكتب في اليوم الموالي.
my colleagues to win.
لا أحب الربح لزملائي
if I had just taken my 20-dollar bill
أن آخذ ورقتي ذات 20 دولار
I shouldn't participate,
of experiments with patients
these electronic pill bottles
زجاجات الكترونية للدواء.
they're taking their medication or not.
متى يأخذون الدواء أو لا
their medication the day before.
that says something like,
yesterday, so you don't get it."
that feeling of regret
to take their medications.
of hating regret works.
how people are irrational,
أن الناس غير عقلانيين
position to help them.
even in men's restrooms.
حتى في مراحيض الرجال
who don't frequent urinals,
في مبولة الحائط،
can solve this problem
in the back of the urinal.
that if men can aim,
إذا كان الرجال يمكنهم التصويب بالبول،
on the floor in the first place?
to pee on the floor,
يريدون البول على الأرضية
were prescribing brand-name drugs
دواء ذا علامة تجارية
represents a different drug.
they're prescribed as generic medications.
تم وصفها على أنها دواء عام.
as generics 100 percent of the time.
على أنها دواء عام 100% في كل مرة.
are prescribed as generics
فالتي وصفت على أنها دواء عام
and all sorts of education sessions,
وكل أنواع جلسات التعليم
a little piece of software
to generic medications
was solved overnight,
since this program started,
ونصف الأولى منذ بدء هذا المشكل
fundamentally wanted to do all along.
ما يودون فعله في الأساس
people's notions of loss.
حول الخسارة
to help people walk more.
لمساعدة الناس على المشي أكثر
at least 7,000 steps,
أن يمشي على الأقل 7000 خطوة
on their cell phone.
just got told whether they had walked
فقط من أجل أن تخبرنا هل مشوا
they walked 7,000 steps.
يوم مشوا فيه 7000 خطوة.
rather than a gain:
فقدان أكثر من أنها كسب:
at the beginning of each month
42 دولار في بداية كل شهر
they didn't walk 7,000 steps.
لم يمشوا فيه 7000 خطوة.
that those two financial incentives
أن هذين المحفزين الماليين
you're $1.40 richer.
ستكون أغنى 1.40 دولار.
would say that they're different,
سيقول أنهما مختلفان،
to avoid a $1.40 loss
لتجنب فقدان 1.40 دولار
to achieve a $1.40 gain.
for every day they walked 7,000 steps
1.40 دولار لكل يوم مشوا فيه 7000 خطوة
than the control group.
هدفهم أكثر من المجموعة المتحكمة.
more of the time.
كل مرة.
but it makes psychological sense,
ولكنه معنى نفسي،
to help patients walk more,
لمساعدة المرضى على المشي أكثر،
when it's paired with psychology.
عندما يقترن بالعامل النفسي.
has its own disadvantages.
involves a daycare program.
هو برنامج الرعاية النهارية (الحضانة).
is picking up your kids late.
هو أن تتأخّر في أخذ أولادك .
because you don't love them.
because they leave work late.
لأنهم سيغادرون العمل متأخرين.
decided they wanted to stop this problem,
قرر القضاء على هذه المشكلة.
daycare programs in the US do,
الرعاية النهارية في أمريكا.
a fine for late pickups.
شخص تأخر في أخذ أولاده.
it makes perfect sense.
فإنه مفهوم تماما.
intrinsic motivation not to be late,
realized their mistake
the financial incentive,
at the high level.
the social contract.
of strong intrinsic motivations.
بالمحفزات النقية القوية.
who already want to do the right thing.
يريدون فعل الشيء الصائب.
money in health care
influencers of health behavior
what others think of us.
مالذي يظنه الآخرون بنا.
to change our behavior
witnessable to others.
when we're being observed
that don't have sinks in the bathrooms.
لها مصارف في حماماتها.
the sink is outside
فالمصارف تقع خارجها.
whether you wash your hands or not.
هل غسلت يديك أم لا
that handwashing is much greater
when we're being observed.
عندما نكون ملاحظين.
in a Florida hospital.
المركزة في مستشفى فلوريدا.
which is dangerous, of course,
وهذا بالطبع شيء خطير
a picture of someone's eyes over the sink.
لعيني شخص أعلى حوض الغسيل
it was just a photograph.
هي مجرد صورة.
it was just their eyes looking at you.
بل صورة فقط لعينين.
what other people think of us
that we're being observed.
what others think of us,
on what we see other people do.
نموذجا لما نرى أن الآخرين يفعلونه
the "Batman" TV series with Adam West.
أحب سلسلة باتمان مع آدم واست
and Robin did was so cool,
was the coolest thing of all.
were optional accessories in cars.
مستلزمات اختيارية في السيارات
did something really important.
got in the Batmobile,
put on their seat belts.
وروبن كانا يضعان حزام الأمان.
put on their seat belts,
my seat belt, too.
كنت أضع حزام الأمان أيضا.
أنقذ حياة الكثير من الناس.
في الرعاية الصحية أيضا.
لما يرون كيف يستخدمها أطباء آخرون.
when they see how other doctors use them.
are hidden, they're unwitnessed,
إنها غير مشهودة،
when they see what other doctors do.
ماذا يفعل الأطباء الآخرين.
يعمل في الرعاية الصحية
or to loss aversion.
أو نفورنا من الفقدان.
if we thought that everyone was rational
لو اعتقدنا أن كل واحد يفكر بعقلانية.
I am not condemning rationality.
أنا لا أدين العقلانية.
the nonrational parts of our minds
أن اللاعقلانية جزء في عقولنا
creativity, inspiration
at improving health behavior
في تحسين سلوكنا الصحي
parts of our nature
or fighting against them.
is just another tool in our toolbox.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Asch - Behavioral economist, health policy expertDavid Asch advances individual and population health by improving the way physicians and patients make decisions in health care and in everyday life.
Why you should listen
David Asch is the executive director of the Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, which aims to accelerate the transformation of health care for better patient outcomes. He is also a professor at both the Perelman School of Medicine and the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Asch practices internal medicine at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, where he created the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, a national center that works to support vulnerable populations and reduce health disparities. He is the author of more than 350 published papers.
David Asch | Speaker | TED.com