TED2013
Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.
Rose George: Parlem de merda. De debò.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.7
1,753,944 views
És el 2013, i 2.500 milions de persones al món encara no tenen accés a un lavabo decent. I sense tassa, on deixes la massa? Al carrer, segurament, a prop de fonts d'aigua i de menjar, fet que causarà innumerables morts i malalties per contaminació. Prepareu-vos per a una xerrada directa, divertida i impactant de la periodista Rose George sobre un problema del qual no es podia parlar fins ara.
Rose George - Curious journalist
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
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Diguem marranades.
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
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Fa uns anys, sorprenentment,
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
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vaig haver d'anar al lavabo.
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
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En vaig trobar un, un de públic,
00:25
and I went into the stall,
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hi vaig entrar
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
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i vaig fer el que havia fet tota la vida:
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
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fer les necessitats,
tirar de la cadena i no pensar-hi més.
tirar de la cadena i no pensar-hi més.
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
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Aquell dia, en canvi, per alguna raó
00:37
I asked myself a question,
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em vaig preguntar:
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
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"On va tot això?"
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
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I així em vaig veure submergida
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
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en el món dels sanitaris. [Riures]
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) —
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I encara n'hi ha més...
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
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Sanitaris, lavabos i caca.
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
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I encara no n'he sortit.
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
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I això és perquè és un tema irritant,
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
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però interessant, malgrat tot.
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
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Tornant a aquell lavabo,
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
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no era especialment atractiu.
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
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No era pas com aquest
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
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de l'Organització Mundial dels Sanitaris.
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
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És l'altra OMS. [Riures]
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
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Però tenia porta amb pany,
privacitat, aigua
privacitat, aigua
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
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i sabó, i m'hi podia rentar les mans,
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
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i ho vaig fer, perquè les dones ho fem.
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
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[Rialles] [Aplaudiments]
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
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Llavors, quan m'ho vaig preguntar,
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
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em vaig adonar que havia viscut creient
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
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que tenir un lavabo així era un dret,
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
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quan, de fet, és un privilegi.
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
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2.500 milions de persones al món
no tenen lavabo.
no tenen lavabo.
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
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No tenen una galleda o una caixa.
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
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El 40% del món no té un lavabo decent.
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
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I han de fer el que fa aquest nen
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
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al costat de l'aeroport de Mumbai,
02:05
which is called open defecation,
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defecar a l'aire lliure,
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
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o cagar a la intempèrie.
02:11
And he does that every day,
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I ho fa cada dia,
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
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i cada dia, probablement, aquest home
02:15
walks on by,
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passa de llarg,
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
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perquè veu el nen, però no el veu.
02:21
But he should, because the problem
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I l'hauria de veure.
Aquest és el problema,
Aquest és el problema,
02:23
with all that poop lying around
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perquè tota la caca escampada
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
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porta passatgers.
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
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50 malalties contagioses
viatgen en la merda humana.
viatgen en la merda humana.
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
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Els ous, les larves, els paràsits,
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
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els bacteris, els virus, tots viatgen
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
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en un gram de femta humana.
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
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Com? Bé, aquest nen
no s'ha rentat les mans
no s'ha rentat les mans
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
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i va descalç. Correrà cap a casa
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
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i contaminarà l'aigua potable i el menjar
02:51
and his environment
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i el seu entorn
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
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amb les malalties que transporti
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
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en les partícules fecals
dels dits i dels peus.
dels dits i dels peus.
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
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En el món amb cadena i canonades
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
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en què nosaltres tenim la sort de viure,
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
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el símptoma més comú d'aquestes malalties,
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
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la diarrea, és una broma.
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
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Les caguetes,
la diarrea explosiva, la pasterada...
la diarrea explosiva, la pasterada...
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
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Alguns l'anomenem 'ventre de Delhi',
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
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com un llegat de l'imperi.
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
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Però si busqueu una foto d'arxiu
de la diarrea
de la diarrea
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
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en una agència fotogràfica important,
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
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trobareu aquesta foto.
03:28
(Laughter)
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[Riures]
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
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Encara no sé per què va en biquini.
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
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Això és una altra imatge de la diarrea.
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
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Es diu Marie Saylee, té nou mesos.
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
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No la veieu perquè està enterrada
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
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sota l'herba d'un poblet de Libèria
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
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perquè va morir en tres dies de diarrea,
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
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de caguetes, d'una broma.
03:53
And that's her dad.
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I aquest és el seu pare.
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
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Però no estava sola perquè
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
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4.000 nens més
van morir de diarrea aquell dia,
van morir de diarrea aquell dia,
04:01
and they do every day.
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i cada dia.
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
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La diarrea és la segona causa
de mortalitat infantil al món
de mortalitat infantil al món
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
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i us deuen dir que us preocupeu
per coses com
per coses com
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
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el VIH, la SIDA,
la tuberculosi o el xarampió,
la tuberculosi o el xarampió,
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
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però la diarrea mata més nens
04:16
than all those three things put together.
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que aquestes malalties juntes.
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
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És una arma de destrucció massiva potent.
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
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I el cost per al món és immens:
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
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pèrdues de 200.000 milions d'euros cada any
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
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per sanitaris en males condicions.
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
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Mireu els llits del còlera d'Haití.
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
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Es parla del còlera, però no de la diarrea,
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
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que no obté gens d'atenció o finançament
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
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en comparació amb aquelles malalties.
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
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Però sabem com arreglar-ho.
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
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Ho sabem, perquè el s. XIX,
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
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uns meravellosos enginyers victorians
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
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van crear el clavegueram, el tractament d'aigües
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
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i el lavabo de cadena,
i les malalties van caure en picat.
i les malalties van caure en picat.
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
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La mortalitat infantil es va reduir
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
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més que mai en la història.
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
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El lavabo de cadena va ser escollit
el millor avanç mèdic
el millor avanç mèdic
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
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dels darrers 200 anys
pels lectors del 'British Medical Journal',
pels lectors del 'British Medical Journal',
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
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amb més vots que les pastilles, l'anestèsia,
05:12
and surgery.
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i la cirurgia.
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
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És un gran sistema d'eliminació de residus.
05:16
But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,
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I és tan bo! No fa pudor.
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —
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El podem tenir a casa
i oblidar-lo darrere d'una porta.
i oblidar-lo darrere d'una porta.
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
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Però també l'hem oblidat en les converses.
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
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No tenim una paraula neutra.
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
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'Caca' no és gaire adequat.
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
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'Merda' és ofensiu.
'Femta' és massa mèdic.
'Femta' és massa mèdic.
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
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I l'he d'anomenar quan veig les dades
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
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i vull explicar què està passant.
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
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Sabem què fer amb la diarrea i els sanitaris,
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
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però si mireu els pressupostos dels països,
05:44
developing and developed,
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en desenvolupament i desenvolupats,
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
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veureu que els números no quadren,
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
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perquè us espereu absurditats com ara
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
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que el Pakistan gasta 47 cops més en l'exèrcit
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
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que en aigua i sanitaris,
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
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tot i que 150.000 nens moren de diarrea
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
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al Pakistan cada any.
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
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Però mireu el ja minúscul pressupost
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
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per a aigua i sanitaris,
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
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i un 75-90% es destina
al subministrament d'aigua neta,
al subministrament d'aigua neta,
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
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que és genial; ens fa falta.
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
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Ningú no rebutjarà l'aigua neta.
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
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Però la simple latrina, o el lavabo de cadena,
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
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redueixen les malalties el doble
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
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que distribuir aigua neta.
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
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Penseu-hi. Aquell nen
06:22
who's running back into his house,
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que corria cap a casa
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
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pot tenir aigua neta i fresca,
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
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però té les mans brutes i contaminarà l'aigua.
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
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I em reca que res dels residus humans
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
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es recicli com a recurs
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
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i com a potenciador del desenvolupament,
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
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perquè hi ha unes quantes coses que els lavabos
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
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i la caca poden fer per a nosaltres.
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
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Un lavabo pot fer tornar una noia a l'escola.
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
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El 25% de les noies a l'Índia deixen l'escola
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
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perquè no tenen sanitaris adequats.
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
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Seuen a classe al llarg del dia
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
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durant anys i anys aguantant-s'ho.
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
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Tots ho hem fet, però no cada dia.
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
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I quan arriben a la pubertat i els ve la regla,
07:05
it just gets too much.
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això ja és massa.
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
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I ho entenc. No les culpo.
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
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Així que si coneixeu un pedagog i li dieu
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
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"Puc millorar l'índex
d'assistència a classe en un 25%
d'assistència a classe en un 25%
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
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amb una sola cosa",
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
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fareu un munt d'amics en l'educació.
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
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I aquí no s'acaben les possibilitats.
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
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La caca us pot cuinar el sopar.
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
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Conté nutrients.
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
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Nosaltres ingerim nutrients i n'excretem.
07:31
We don't keep them all.
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No els aprofitem tots.
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
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A Rwanda, ara obtenen
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
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el 75% del combustible per cuinar a les presons
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
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del contingut dels intestins dels presos.
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
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Aquí teniu un grapat de reclusos
de la presó de Butare.
de la presó de Butare.
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
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La majoria són genocides
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
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i remenen el contingut de les seves latrines,
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
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perquè si poseu caca en un ambient tancat,
en un dipòsit,
en un dipòsit,
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
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com passa a l'estómac,
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
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llavors, com passa a l'estómac, emet gasos
07:59
and you can cook with it.
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i serveix per cuinar.
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
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I podeu pensar que és només bon karma
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
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el veure aquests homes remenant merda,
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
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però també és bona visió econòmica,
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
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perquè estalvien 765.000 d'euros l'any.
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
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Redueixen la desforestació
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
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i tenen una font de combustible inesgotable,
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
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infinita i de producció gratuita.
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
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I la caca no sols pot salvar la vida als pobres.
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
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Aquesta dona està a punt de rebre una dosi
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
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d'això marró de les xeringues,
08:27
which is what you think it is,
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que és el que esteu pensant,
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
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però no del tot, perquè és una donació.
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
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Hi ha una nova sortida professional com a donant.
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
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És com el nou donant d'esperma.
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
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Aquesta dona té un bacteri
anomenat 'Clostridium difficile',
anomenat 'Clostridium difficile',
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
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que és resistent a molts antibiòtics.
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
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L'ha tingut durant anys.
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
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Ara es posa una dosi de femta humana
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
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i l'índex de curació és d'un 94%.
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
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És sorprenent, però quasi ningú no s'ho fa encara.
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
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Potser és el factor 'ecs'.
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
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Però no passa res, perquè
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
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al Canadà han creat una femta artificial
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
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anomenada RePOOPulate.
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
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Ara potser penseu: "Oh, la solució és simple,
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
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donem un lavabo a tothom."
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
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I aquí és on es posa interessant,
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
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perquè no és tan simple,
perquè nosaltres tampoc no ho som.
perquè nosaltres tampoc no ho som.
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
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La part realment interessant i emocionant
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
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(la que ho fa atractiu) d'aquest món
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
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és entendre la psicologia humana.
09:26
We need to understand software
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Hem d'entendre de programació
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
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a part de donar l'ordinador.
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
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S'ha observat en països en desenvolupament que
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
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els governs han proporcionat latrines gratuïtes
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
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i revisant-les uns anys més tard s'han trobat
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
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nous coberts per a cabres,
temples o habitacions d'invitats
temples o habitacions d'invitats
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
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i els seus amos les ignoraven del tot
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
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i defecaven a l'aire lliure.
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
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Per això, la idea és manipular les emocions.
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
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S'ha fet durant dècades.
Les empreses de sabó ho van fer
Les empreses de sabó ho van fer
09:53
in the early 20th century.
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1939
a principis del s. XX.
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
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Venien el sabó com a saludable.
Ningú no en comprava.
Ningú no en comprava.
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
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El van vendre com a atractiu.
Tothom en va comprar.
Tothom en va comprar.
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
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A l'Índia ara hi ha una campanya
10:03
which persuades young brides
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que convenç les núvies joves
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
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que no es casin amb famílies sense lavabo.
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
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Li diuen "Sense cadena no hi ha nena."
10:11
(Laughter)
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[Riures]
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
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I si creieu que el cartell és només propaganda,
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
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aquí teniu la Priyanka, de 23 anys.
10:18
I met her last October in India,
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La vaig conèixer l'octubre a l'Índia.
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
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Es va criar en un entorn conservador.
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
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Va créixer en un zona rural i pobra de l'Índia.
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
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4166
La van prometre als 14 i cap als 21
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
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es va mudar amb la família política.
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
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2035
Es va horroritzar en arribar i trobar
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
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que no tenien lavabo.
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
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Havia crescut amb una latrina.
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
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1954
No era gran cosa, però era una latrina.
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
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2023
I la primera nit que hi passava,
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
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1207
a les 4 del matí
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
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2839
la sogra la va llevar, li va dir que sortís
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
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i que ho fes en la foscor a la intempèrie.
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
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2070
Estava espantada. Patia pels borratxos,
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
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per les serps i per les violacions.
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
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Tres dies després va fer una cosa impensable.
10:55
She left.
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Va marxar.
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
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I si sabeu res de l'Índia rural,
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
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sabreu que és un gest de valentia inimaginable.
11:02
But not just that.
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Però va fer més.
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
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2412
Va agafar un lavabo i ara viatja
11:05
all the other villages in India
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pels pobles de l'Índia
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
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convencent les altres dones de fer el mateix.
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
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Jo ho anomeno 'contagi social',
i és molt poderós
i és molt poderós
11:12
and really exciting.
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i molt emocionant.
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
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2089
Una altra història, d'un altre poble de l'Índia
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
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1997
a prop d'on viu la Priyanka,
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
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és la d'aquest poble, Lakara, que fa un any
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
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1451
no tenia lavabos.
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
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Els nens morien de diarrea i del còlera.
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
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Uns visitants van usar trucs de canvi de conducta
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
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2794
com posar un plat de menjar i un de merda
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
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2217
per veure les mosques anar d'un a l'altre.
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
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Els que pensaven que
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
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el que feien no era repugnant
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
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1872
van pensar "Ui".
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
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Es menjaven la merda dels veïns.
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
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Això és el que els va fer canviar de debò.
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
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La mare d'aquest nen
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
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2485
va instal·lar una latrina en poques hores.
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
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Sempre havia usat el camp de plàtans,
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
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però va instal·lar la latrina en poques hores.
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
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No costa res i salvarà la vida d'aquest nen.
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
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3191
Per això, quan em desanimo
per l'estat dels sanitaris,
per l'estat dels sanitaris,
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
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2196
tot i que ara vivim un bon moment
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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2578
ja que tenim la Fundació Bill i Melinda Gates
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
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2062
reinventant el lavabo, que és genial,
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
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2554
i tenim el Matt Damon en vaga de ventre,
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
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3735
que és genial per a la humanitat,
però fatal per al seu còlon.
però fatal per al seu còlon.
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
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1714
Però hi ha coses que preocupen.
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
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És l'Objectiu de Desenvolupament del Mil·lenni
més endarrerit.
més endarrerit.
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
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Va uns 50 anys endarrerit.
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
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No complirem l'objectiu
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
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de proporcionar sanitaris a aquest ritme.
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
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Per això, quan m'entristeixo
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
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3319
penso en el Japó, perquè fa 70 anys
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
270
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2589
usaven latrines a l'exterior
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
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2132
i s'eixugaven amb pals,
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
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3327
però ara tenen el que anomenen 'woshurettos',
12:42
washlet toilets.
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1480
o 'washlets'.
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
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Tenen aixetes de bidet incorporades
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
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2745
que els netegen automàticament
12:49
and they have various other features
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2172
i altres funcions diverses
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
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com un seient climatitzat i una tapa automàtica,
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
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2341
anomenada "el salvamatrimonis".
12:56
(Laughter)
279
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1456
[Riures]
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
280
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2405
Però el més important, el que han fet al Japó
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
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1500
i que trobo tan edificant,
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
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és recuperar el lavabo de darrere de la porta.
13:04
They've made it conversational.
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Se'n pot parlar.
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
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La gent va i actualitza el seu lavabo.
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
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En parlen. L'han sanejat.
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
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Espero que nosaltres també ho fem.
No és difícil.
No és difícil.
13:18
All we really need to do
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Només hem de considerar
13:20
is look at this issue
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1842
aquest assumpte
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
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tan urgent i vergonyós com és.
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
290
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I no és només en el món pobre
on les coses van malament.
on les coses van malament.
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
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2164
El nostre claveguerem fa pena.
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
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Les coses van malament aquí també.
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
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La solució és prou fàcil.
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
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Us faré la vida més fàcil avui
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
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i només haureu de fer una cosa,
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
296
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3076
que és sortir, fer-vos sentir,
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
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parlar sobre el tabú,
13:46
and talk shit.
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i dir marranades.
13:47
Thank you.
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1954
Gràcies.
13:49
(Applause)
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[Aplaudiments]
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rose George - Curious journalistRose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene.
Why you should listen
Rose George thinks, researches, writes and talks about the hidden, the undiscussed. Among the everyone-does-it-no-one-talks-about-it issues she's explored in books and articles: sanitation (and poop in general). Diarrhea is a weapon of mass destruction, says the UK-based journalist and author, and a lack of access to toilets is at the root of our biggest public health crisis. In 2012, two out of five of the world’s population had nowhere sanitary to go.
The key to turning around this problem, says George: Let’s drop the pretense of “water-related diseases” and call out the cause of myriad afflictions around the world as what they are -- “poop-related diseases” that are preventable with a basic toilet. George explores the problem in her book The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters and in a fabulous special issue of Colors magazine called "Shit: A Survival Guide." Read a sample chapter of The Big Necessity >>
Her latest book, on an equally hidden world that touches almost everything we do, is Ninety Percent of Everything: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry That Puts Clothes on Your Back, Gas in Your Car, Food on Your Plate. Read a review >>
In the UK and elsewhere, you'll find the book titled Deep Sea and Foreign Going: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry the Brings You 90% of Everything.
Rose George | Speaker | TED.com