TED2013
Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.
Rose George: Le te flasim mbi jashteqitjen. Seriozisht.
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Jemi ne 2013, Sidoqofte 2.5 miliarde njerez ne bote nuk kane akses ne nje tualet. Por, kur nuk ka nevojtore, ku e kryeni jashteqitjen? Ne rruge, me shume mundesi afer burimeve te ujit dhe ushqimit -- duke shkaktuar vdekje te pathena dhe semundje nga infektimi. Pergatituni per nje fjalim te hapur, te kendshem dhe te fuqishem nga gazetarja Rose George per nje problem te papermendur ndonjehere.
Rose George - Curious journalist
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
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Le te flasim ndyre.
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
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Disa vite me pare, cuditerisht shume,
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
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Me duhej tualeti,
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
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dhe gjeta nje, nje tualet publik,
00:25
and I went into the stall,
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hyra brenda ne qoshe,
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
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dhe u bera gati te beja ate cka kisha bere ne me te shumten e jetes time:
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
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te perdorja tualetin, te shkarkoja uji ne tualet, te harroja tualetin.
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
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Por per nje arsye ate dite, ne vend te kesaj
00:37
I asked myself a question,
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i bera vetes nje pyetje,
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
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e cila ishte, ku shkojne keto gjera?
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
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Dhe me kete pyetje, e gjeta veten te zhytyr
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
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ne boten e kanalizimeve --
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) —
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ka me shume ne vijim -- (te qeshura) --
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
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kanalizime, tualete dhe jashteqitje,
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
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dhe me duhet perseri te dal.
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
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Dhe kjo sepse eshte nje vend zemerues,
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
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por dhe nje vend angazhues per te qene.
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
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Ti rikthehem atij tualeti,
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
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nuk ishte nje tualet i vecant,
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
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nuk ishte kaq i mire sa ky
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
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nga Organizata Boterore e Tualeteve (OBT).
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
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Kjo eshte OBT tjeter. (Te qeshura)
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
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Por kishte nje dere qe kycej, kishte intimitet, kishte uje,
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
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kishte sapun qe une te laja duart,
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
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dhe e bera sepse jam femer, femrat e bejne kete.
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Te qeshura) (Duartrokitje)
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
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Por ate dite, kur bera ate pyetje,
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
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mesova dicka, e cila ishte se une isha rritur duke menduar
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
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se nje tualet i atille ishte e drejta ime,
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
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por ne fakt eshte nje privilegj.
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
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2.5 bilion njerez ne bote nuk kane nje tualet te pershtatshem.
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
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Ata nuk kane nje kove ose nje kuti.
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
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Dyzet perqind e botes pa tualet te pershtatshem.
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
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Dhe duhet te bejne kete qe po ben ky djale i vogel
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
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ne anen e autostrades se aeroportit Mumbai.
02:05
which is called open defecation,
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e cila quhet nje zone e hapur zbrazjeje,
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
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pse jashteqitje ne te hapur.
02:11
And he does that every day,
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Dhe ai e ben kete gje cdo dite,
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
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dhe cdo dite, me siguri, ai tipi ne fotografi
02:15
walks on by,
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kalon aty afer,
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
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sepse shikon ate djalin e vogel, por ai nuk e sheh ate.
02:21
But he should, because the problem
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Por duhet ta shohi, sepse problemi
02:23
with all that poop lying around
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me gjithe ate jashteqitje aty
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
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ata jane pasagjer mbartes jashteqitjeje.
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
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Pesedhjet semundje te perhapshme udhetojne ne jashteqitjen e njeriut.
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
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Te gjitha ato gjerat, vezet, kistet
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
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bakteret, viruset, gjithe keto mund te udhetojne
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
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ne nje gram te feces se njeriut.
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
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Si? Mire pra, ai djale i vogel nuk do i kete lar duart.
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
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Eshte zbathur. Do kthehet ne shtepin e tij,
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
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do infektoj ujin e tij te pishem dhe ushqimin,
02:51
and his environment
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mjedisin e tij
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
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me cfaredo lloj semundje qe ai mbart
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
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nga grimcat e feces qe ai ka ne gishtat dhe kembet e tij.
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
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Me sa mbaj mend ne boten e shplarjes-dhe-kanalizimit
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
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qe shumica nga ne ketu brenda jane me fat qe jetojne ne te,
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
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simptoma me e zakonshme qe shoqerohet me keto semundje,
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
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diarea, eshte tashme nje shaka.
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
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Jane te rrjedhurit, eshte currila Hershey, gazrat.
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
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Andej nga vi une, e quajme barku Delhi,
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
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si nje trashegimi perandorie.
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
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Por nese kerkoni nje fotografi rezerve te diarres
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
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ne nje studio fotografie
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
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ky eshte imazhdi qe do merni.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(Te qeshura)
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
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Edhe pse nuk jam e sigurte per bikinin.
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
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Dhe ky eshte nje tjeter imazh i diarres.
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
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Kjo eshte Marie Saylee, nente muajsh.
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
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Nuk mund ta shikoni sepse eshte varrosur
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
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poshte atij barit jeshil ne nje fshat te vogel ne Liberia,
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
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sepse ajo vdiq per tre dite nga diarrea --
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
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nga currila Hershey, te rrjedhurit, shakaja.
03:53
And that's her dad.
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Dhe ky eshte i ati.
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
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Por ajo nuk ishte e vetme ate dite,
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
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sepse 4.000 femije te tjere vdiqen nga diarea,
04:01
and they do every day.
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dhe vdesin cdo dite.
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
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Dirrea eshte vrasesi numer dy i femijeve ne gjithe boten,
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
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mbase ju kane kerkuar te kujdeseni per gjera
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
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si SIDA ose T.B ose rubeola,
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
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por diarrea vret me shume femije
04:16
than all those three things put together.
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se sa te treja ato sebashku.
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
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Eshte nje arme shume e fuqishme te rrenimit ne mase.
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
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Dhe kostoja ne bote eshte e pamase:
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
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260 bilion dollar te humbura cdo vit
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
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ne humbja e kanalizimeve te pakta.
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
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Keto jane krevate te koleres ne Haiti.
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
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Te gjithe keni degjuar per koleren, por nuk degjojme per diarren.
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
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Duhet nje fraksion nga vemendja dhe financimi qe
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
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jepen ne keto semundjet e tjera.
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
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Por ne dim si ta ndreqim kete.
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
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E dim, sepse ne mes te shekullit 19
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
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inxhinieret e mrekullueshem Viktorian
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
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instaluan sisteme kanalizimesh dhe trajtimi te ujrave te zeza
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
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si dhe shkarkuesit ne tualet, dhe semundja ra dramatikisht shume.
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
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Vdekja e femijeve ra me shume
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
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sec mund te kish rene ndonjehere ne histori.
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
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Shkarkimi ne tualet u votua si avancimi me i mire i mjekesise
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
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i 200 viteve te fundit nga lexuesit e Gazetes Mjekesore Angleze,
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
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ata po zgjdhnim midis pilules, anestezise
05:12
and surgery.
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dhe kirurgjise.
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
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Eshte nje pajisje e mrekullushme per shkarkimin e mbeturinave.
05:16
But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,
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Por une mendoj se eshte shume e mire, nuk mban ere,
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —
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mund ta vendosim ne shtepite tona, mund ta mbyllim pas nje dere--
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
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dhe mendoj se kemi mbyllur dhe jashte bisedes gjithashtu.
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
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Nuk kemi nje fjale neutrale per te.
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
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Jashteqitja nuk eshte hollesisht e pershtatshme.
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
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Nevoja i ofendon njerezit. Fece eshte shume mjekesore.
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
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Sepse nuk mund ta shpjegoj ndryshe,
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
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kur shikoj figurat, se cka po ndodh.
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
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Dime si te zgjidhim diarren dhe kanalizimet,
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
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por nese do shikoni buxhetet e shteteve,
05:44
developing and developed,
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ne zhvillim dhe te zhvilluara,
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
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do mendoni se dicka nuk shkon mire me llogarite,
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
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sepse do shikoni absurditete si
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
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Pakistani qe shpenzon 47 here me shume ne ushtri
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
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se sa ne uje dhe kanalizime,
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
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megjithese 150.000 femije vdesin nga diarrea
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
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ne Pakistan cdo vit.
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
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Por me pas shikon ato mokroskopiket
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
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buxhetet e ujit dhe kanalizimevem
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
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dhe 75 nga 90 per qind e saj do shkoj ne furnizimin e ujit te paster,
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
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e cila eshte mrekulli; te gjitheve na duhet uji.
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
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Asnje nuk e refuzoj ujin e paster.
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
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por nevojtoret e ulta, ose sharkuesit
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
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redukton semundjen dyfish sikurse
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
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te hedhesh uje te paster ne te.
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
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Mendojeni. Ai djali i vogel
06:22
who's running back into his house,
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i cili kthehet ne shtepine e tij,
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
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mund te kete nje furnizim me uje te paster dhe te fresket,
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
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por ai ka duar te pista i cili do infektoj ujin e tij me to.
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
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Mendimi im eshte se humbja e vertete ne humbjet njerezore
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
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eshte se ne po e humbim ate si nje burim
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
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dhe si nje gishtez te rendesishem per zhvillimin,
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
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sepse keto jane ato pak gjerat qe tualetet
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
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dhe jashteqitja mund te bejne per ne.
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
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Pra nje tualet mund te ktheje nje vajze ne shkolle.
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
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Njeset e pese perqind e vajzave braktisin shkollen
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
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sepse nuk kane higjenen e pershtatshme.
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
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Jane mesuar te qendrojne ulur neper mesime
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
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per vite dhe vite duke mbajtur perbrenda.
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
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Te gjithe e kemi bere ate, por ato e bejne cdo dite,
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
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dhe kur arrijne ne pubertet dhe i fillojne mestruacionet
07:05
it just gets too much.
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atehere arrijne kulmin.
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
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Une e kuptoj kete. Kush mund ti fajesoj ato?
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
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Pra nese do takoni nje mesues dhe thote,
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
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"Mund te permiresoj normat e edukimit me 25 perqind
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
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me nje gje shume te thjeshte,"
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
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atehere do te benit shume miq ne fushen e edukimit.
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
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Kjo nuk eshte e vetmja gje qe mund te bej per ju.
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
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Jashteqitja mund te gatuaje darken tuaj.
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
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Ka ushqyes brenda saj.
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
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Ne ushqehemi me to. Ne sekretojme ushqyes gjithashtu.
07:31
We don't keep them all.
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Nuk i mbajme te gjitha.
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
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Ne Rwanda, nuk marrin
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
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75 perqind nga lenda e gatimit ne sistemin e burgut
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
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nga permbajtja e zorres te nje burgosuri.
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
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Pra keta jane nje grup te burgosurish ne burgun e Butare
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
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Shumica nga ata jane te burgosur genocidi,
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
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ata po i perziejn permbajtjet e nevojtoreve
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
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sepse nese do fusesh jashteqitje ne nje ambjent te izoluar, ne nje ene,
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
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pak a shume si nje stomak,
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
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dhe pak a shume si nje stomak qe leshon gazra,
07:59
and you can cook with it.
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mund te gatuash me te.
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
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Ju mund te mendoni se eshte nje fat i mire
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
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te shohesh keta djem duke perzier jashteqitje,
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
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por eshte gjithashtu nje sens ekonomik i mire,
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
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sepse ata po kursejne nje milion dollar ne vit.
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
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Po bejne shkurtime ne shpyllezim,
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
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dhe kane gjetur nje furnizues karburanti i cili eshte i pashtershem,
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
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infinit dhe i pakushtueshem ne piken e prodhimit.
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
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Jashteqitja nuk mund te shpetoje jete vetem ne boten e te varferve.
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
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Ketu eshte nje grua e cila sapo po merr nje doze
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
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te nje lende bojkafe brenda asaj shiringes,
08:27
which is what you think it is,
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e cila eshte ajo cka ju mendoni,
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
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jo tamam, sepse normalisht eshte dicka e dhuruar.
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
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Ekziston tani nje shteg kariere i ri i quajtur donator stoli.
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
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Eshte si nje donator sperme i ri.
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
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Dhe sepse ajo po vuan nga nje bakter te quajtur C.diff
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
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i cili eshte rezistent ndaj antibiotikeve ne shume raste.
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
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Ajo vuan prej vitesh.
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
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Merr nje doze fece te shendetshme njerezore,
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
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dhe norma e mjekimit nga kjo procedure eshte 94per qind.
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
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Eshte mahnitese, por shume e pak vazhdojne ta bejne ate.
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
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Mbase prej faktorit neveri.
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
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Kjo eshte ne rregull, sepse nje ekip shkencetaresh studiues
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
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ne Kanada te cilet kane krijuar nje moster stoli
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
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nje moster fals e cila quhet RePOOPulate.
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
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Tani ju jeni duke menduar, ne rregull, zgjidhja eshte e thjeshte,
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
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i japim te gjitheve nga nje tualet.
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
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Dhe ketu eshte pjesa interesante
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
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sepse nuk eshte aq e thjeshte, sepse ne nuk jemi te thjeshte.
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
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Pra puna me interesante, emocionuese --
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
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kjo eshte copeza angazhuese -- ne higjene eshte se
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
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ne duhet te kuptojme psikologjine njerezore.
09:26
We need to understand software
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Duhet te kuptojme programet
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
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si dhe ti japim dikujt pjesen mekanike.
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
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Kane zbuluar ne shume shtete ne zhvillim se
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
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qeverite japin nevojtore falas
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
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dhe duke u kthyer disa vite pas zbuluam se ata
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
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kane shume streha bagetish ose tempuj ose dhoma rezerve
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
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me pronaret e tyre te lumtur kur kalojne prane tyre
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
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te cilet jane duke vajtur ne zonen e hapur te pastrimit.
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
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Pra idea eshte te manipulosh emocionin njerezor.
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
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Eshte praktikuar per dekada. Kompanite e sapuneve e praktikuan
09:53
in the early 20th century.
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ne fillimet e shekullit te 20-te.
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
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U perpoqen te shesin sapune si higjene. Asnje nuk e bleu.
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
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U perpoqen ta shesin si dicka seksi, te gjithe e blene.
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
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Ne Indi momentalisht ekziston nje fushate
10:03
which persuades young brides
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e cila bind nuset e reja
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
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mos martohen ne familje te cilat nuk kane tualet.
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
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Quhet "Jo nevojtore, Jo nuk pranoj"
10:11
(Laughter)
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(Te qeshura)
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
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1975
Dhe ne rast se mendoni se kjo afishe eshte thjet nje propagande,
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
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ketu kemi Priyanka, 23 vjec.
10:18
I met her last October in India,
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E njoha Tetorin e kaluar ne Indi,
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
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e cila eshte rritur ne nje mjedis konservator.
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
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U rrit ne nje fshat bujqesor ne nje vend te varfer te Indis,
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
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u fejua kur ishte 14, dhe rreth te 21-ve
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
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u transferua ne shtepine e bashkeshortit.
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
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2035
U terrorizua kur zbuloi se aty
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
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nuk kishin nje tualet.
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
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Ajo ishte rritur me nje nevojtore.
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
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Nuk ishte dicka e madhe, por ishte nje nevojtore.
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
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2023
Naten e pare qe ndodhej aty, i thane
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
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1207
se ne oren 4 te mengjesit --
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
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vjehrra e saj do e zgjonte, do i thoshte te dilte jashte
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
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dhe te shkonte te kryente nevojen ne erresire jashte.
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
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Ajo u frikesuar. Kishte frike nga te dehurit qe verdalloseshin jashte.
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
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Kishte frike nga gjarperinjte. Kishte frike nga perdhunimet.
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
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Pas tre ditesh, ajo beri dicka te paperfytyrueshme.
10:55
She left.
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Ajo u largua.
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
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Dhe nese dini dicka per Indin bujqesore,
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
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do jete se ajo eshte nje veper teper kurajoze per tu kryer.
11:02
But not just that.
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Por jo vetem kjo.
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
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Ajo ka tualetin e saj, dhe tani shkone perreth
11:05
all the other villages in India
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fshatrave te Indis
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
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duke bindur femra te tjera te kryejne te njejten gje.
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
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Kete une e quaj ngjitje sociale e cila eshte shume e fuqishme
11:12
and really exciting.
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dhe shume emocionuese.
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
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Nje tjeter version i kesaj, nje tjeter fshat ne Indi
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
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afer zones ku banon Priyanka
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
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eshte ky fshat i quajtur Lakara, dhe para nje viti
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
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nuk kishte tualete.
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
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Femije vdisnin nga diarrea dhe kolera.
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
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Disa vizitore erdhen, duke perdorur disa taktika per ndryshimin e sjelljes
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
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si duke vendosur nje pjate me ushqim dhe nje pjate me jashteqitje
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
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dhe duke vezhguar mizat qe fluturojne sa ne njeren pjate ne tjetren.
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
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Disi, njerezit te cilet dikur mendonin
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
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1529
se ajo cka benin nuk ishte fare e peshtire
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
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papritur menduan, "Ups."
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
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Jo vetem kjo, por ata po ushqeheshin me jashteqitjen e fqinjeve.
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
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Kjo i beri te ndryshonin sjellje.
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
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Pra kjo grua, kjo nena e ketij djali
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
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vendosi kete nevojtore menjehere.
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
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Gjate gjithe jetes se saj, kishte perdorur kete fushen e bananevem
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
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por e instaloi nevojtoren menjehere.
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
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Nuk kushtoi asgje. Do shpetoj jeten e ketij djali.
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
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Pra nese deshperohem per ceshtjen e kanalizimeve,
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
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edhe pse keto jane kohera shume emocionuese
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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sepse kemi Fondacionin Bill dhe Melinda Gates
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
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2062
per rizbulimin e tualeteve, e cila eshte e mrekullueshme,
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
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kemi Matt Damno i cili kryen nje greve tualeti,
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
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e cila eshte shume mire per njerezimin, por keq per zorren e tij te trashe.
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
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Por keto jane gjera per tu shqetesuar.
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
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Eshte Qellimi i zhvillimit te Mileniumit me i pa gjurmueshmi.
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
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Ka 50 vjet perafersisht jashte gjurmeve.
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
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Nuk do hasim objektiva,
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
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te cilat u japin njerezve kanalizime ne keto norma.
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
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Pra kur trishtohem per kanalizimet,
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
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mendoj Japonine, sepse Japonia 70 vite me pare
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
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ishte nje kombme njerez qe perdornin gropa te thella per nevojtore
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
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dhe pastroheshin me shkopa,
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
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dhe tani jane nje komb sic i quajme ne Woshurettos,
12:42
washlet toilets.
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tualete me ndenjese elektrike me sperkatje uji.
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
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Ata kane bide me sperkatje te ndertuara,
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
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per nje eksperience te mrekullueshme pastrimi pa duar,
12:49
and they have various other features
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ata kane dhe shume vecori te tjera
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
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si nje ndenjese me ngrohes dhe nje pajisje automatike per ngritjen e kapakut
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
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e cila njihet si "shpetuesi i martesave"
12:56
(Laughter)
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1456
(te qeshura)
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
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2405
Por me e rendesishmja, cfare kane bere ne Japoni,
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
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1500
e cila mua me frymezon shume,
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
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eshte se ata kana marre tualetin nga dera e kycur.
13:04
They've made it conversational.
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E kane bere bisedor.
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
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Njerezit i permiresojne tualetet.
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
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Ata bisedojne per te. E kane pastruar ate.
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
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Shpresoj ta bejme dhe ne kete. Nuk eshte dicka e veshtire per tu bere.
13:18
All we really need to do
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Ajo cka duhet te bejme vertete
13:20
is look at this issue
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eshte ta shohim kete ceshtje
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
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si ceshtja urgjente dhe si nje ceshtje te turpshme.
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
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Dhe mos mendoni se gjerat jane gabim vetem ne boten e varfer.
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
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Kanalet tona po therrmohen.
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
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Gjerat po shkojne keq edhe ketu.
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
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Zgjidhja per gjithe kete eshte shume e thjeshte.
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
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Do ja u bej jeten te lehte kete pasdite
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
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duke ju kerkuar te beni vetem dicka,
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
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dhe kjo eshte, te dilni jashte dhe te protestoni,
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
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te flinsi per te pafoluren,
13:46
and talk shit.
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dhe te flisni mbi jashteqitjen.
13:47
Thank you.
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Faleminderit.
13:49
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rose George - Curious journalistRose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene.
Why you should listen
Rose George thinks, researches, writes and talks about the hidden, the undiscussed. Among the everyone-does-it-no-one-talks-about-it issues she's explored in books and articles: sanitation (and poop in general). Diarrhea is a weapon of mass destruction, says the UK-based journalist and author, and a lack of access to toilets is at the root of our biggest public health crisis. In 2012, two out of five of the world’s population had nowhere sanitary to go.
The key to turning around this problem, says George: Let’s drop the pretense of “water-related diseases” and call out the cause of myriad afflictions around the world as what they are -- “poop-related diseases” that are preventable with a basic toilet. George explores the problem in her book The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters and in a fabulous special issue of Colors magazine called "Shit: A Survival Guide." Read a sample chapter of The Big Necessity >>
Her latest book, on an equally hidden world that touches almost everything we do, is Ninety Percent of Everything: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry That Puts Clothes on Your Back, Gas in Your Car, Food on Your Plate. Read a review >>
In the UK and elsewhere, you'll find the book titled Deep Sea and Foreign Going: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry the Brings You 90% of Everything.
Rose George | Speaker | TED.com