TEDSalon London Spring 2011
Jonathan Drori: The beautiful tricks of flowers
Jonathan Drori: Blomsternes smukke tricks
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I dette visuelt fortryllende foredrag viser Jonathan Drori den fantastiske måde blomstrende planter -- over en kvart million arter - har udviklet sig for at tiltrække insekter og sprede deres pollen: De gror 'landingsbaner' til at guide insekterne ind, skinner i ultraviolet, bygger avancerede fælder og efterligner endda insekter i løbetid.
Jonathan Drori - Educator
Jonathan Drori commissioned the BBC's very first websites, one highlight in a long career devoted to online culture and educational media -- and understanding how we learn. Full bio
Jonathan Drori commissioned the BBC's very first websites, one highlight in a long career devoted to online culture and educational media -- and understanding how we learn. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Do you know
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Ved i
00:19
how many species of flowering plants there are?
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hvor mange arter af blomstrende planter der er?
00:22
There are a quarter of a million -- at least those are the ones we know about --
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Der er en kvart million -- mindst, det er bare dem vi ved er der --
00:25
a quarter of a million species of flowering plants.
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en kvart million arter af blomstrende planter,
00:28
And flowers are a real bugger.
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og blomster er et stort besvær,
00:30
They're really difficult for plants to produce.
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de er virkeligt svære for planter at lave,
00:32
They take an enormous amount of energy and a lot of resources.
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de kræver en enorm mængde energi og en masse ressourcer.
00:35
Why would they go to that bother?
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Hvorfor vil planterne udsætte sig for det besvær?
00:37
And the answer of course, like so many things in the world,
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Svaret er selvfølgelig, ligesom på så mange ting i verden,
00:39
is sex.
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sex.
00:41
I know what's on your mind when you're looking at these pictures.
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Jeg ved hvad i tænker på når i ser disse billeder.
00:45
And the reason that sexual reproduction is so important --
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Grunden til at seksuel reproduktion er så vigtig --
00:48
there are lots of other things that plants can do to reproduce.
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der er mange andre ting planter kan gøre for at reproducere sig,
00:51
You can take cuttings;
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man kan tage stiklinge:
00:53
they can sort of have sex with themselves;
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de kan på en måde have sex med dem selv;
00:55
they can pollinate themselves.
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de kan bestøve sig selv.
00:57
But they really need to spread their genes
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Men de har virkeligt behov for at sprede deres gener,
00:59
to mix with other genes
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at blande dem med andre gener
01:01
so that they can adapt to environmental niches.
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så de kan tilpasse sig miljømæssige nicher,
01:03
Evolution works that way.
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evolutionen virker på den måde.
01:05
Now the way that plants transmit that information
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Måden planter udsender den information
01:07
is through pollen.
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er gennem pollen.
01:09
Some of you may have seen some of these pictures before.
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Nogen af jer har måske set nogle af de her billeder før,
01:11
As I say, every home should have a scanning electron microscope
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som jeg siger: ethvert hjem burde have et scanning-elektronmikroskop,
01:13
to be able to see these.
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for at være i stand til at se det her.
01:15
And there is as many different kinds of pollen
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Der er ligeså mange forskellige slags pollen
01:17
as there are flowering plants.
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som der er blomstrende planter,
01:19
And that's actually rather useful for forensics and so on.
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og det er faktisk nyttigt for retsvidenskab osv.
01:22
Most pollen that causes hay fever for us
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Det meste af det pollen der giver os høfeber
01:25
is from plants that use the wind
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er fra planter der bruger vinden
01:27
to disseminate the pollen,
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til at sprede pollenet.
01:29
and that's a very inefficient process,
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Det er en meget ineffektiv proces,
01:32
which is why it gets up our noses so much.
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hvilket er grunden til at det så tit ender i vores næser,
01:34
Because you have to chuck out masses and masses of it,
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for man skal sprede store mængder af det,
01:36
hoping that your sex cells, your male sex cells,
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og håbe på at dine sex-celler, dine mandlige sex-celler,
01:39
which are held within the pollen,
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som er indeni pollenet,
01:41
will somehow reach another flower just by chance.
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på en eller anden tilfældig måde vil nå en anden blomst.
01:43
So all the grasses, which means all of the cereal crops,
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Alle græsserne, hvilket betyder alle kornsorter,
01:46
and most of the trees
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og de fleste træer
01:48
have wind-borne pollen.
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har pollen der spredes af vinden.
01:50
But most species
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De fleste arter
01:52
actually use insects to do their bidding,
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bruger dog insekter til at udføre gerningen,
01:54
and that's more intelligent in a way,
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og det er mere intelligent på en måde,
01:57
because the pollen, they don't need so much of it.
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for så har man ikke brug for så meget pollen.
02:00
The insects
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Insekterne
02:02
and other species
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og andre arter
02:05
can take the pollen,
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kan tage pollenet
02:07
transfer it directly to where it's required.
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og føre det direkte til hvor det skal hen.
02:09
So we're aware, obviously, of the relationship
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Så vi er selvfølgeligt bevidste om forholdet
02:12
between insects and plants.
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imellem insekter og planter,
02:14
There's a symbiotic relationship there,
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der er et symbiotisk forhold der,
02:16
whether it's flies or birds or bees,
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hvadenten det er fluer, fugle eller bier,
02:19
they're getting something in return,
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får de noget til gengæld,
02:21
and that something in return is generally nectar.
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og det de får er generelt nektar.
02:24
Sometimes that symbiosis
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Nogen gange har symbiosen
02:26
has led to wonderful adaptations --
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ført til vindunderlige tilpasninger --
02:28
the hummingbird hawk-moth
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duehalen
02:30
is beautiful in its adaptation.
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er smuk i sin tilpasning,
02:32
The plant gets something,
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planten får noget,
02:34
and the hawk-moth spreads the pollen somewhere else.
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og duehalen spreder pollenet til et andet sted.
02:38
Plants have evolved
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Planter har udviklet sig
02:40
to create little landing strips here and there
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til at skabe små landingsbaner her og der
02:42
for bees that might have lost their way.
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for bier der måske er faret vild.
02:44
There are markings on many plants
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Der er markeringer der ligner insekter
02:46
that look like other insects.
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på mange planter
02:49
These are the anthers of a lily,
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Det her er støvdragerne fra en lilje,
02:51
cleverly done
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smart lavet
02:53
so that when the unsuspecting insect
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så når det intetanende insekt
02:55
lands on it,
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lander på den
02:57
the anther flips up and whops it on the back
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trykkes støvdrageren op og trykker insektet på ryggen,
02:59
with a great load of pollen that it then goes to another plant with.
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med en stor mængde pollen som insektet tager med til en anden plante.
03:02
And there's an orchid
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Der er også en orkide
03:05
that might look to you as if it's got jaws,
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der måske for dig ser ud til at have kæber,
03:07
and in a way, it has; it forces the insect to crawl out,
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og på en måde har den, den tvinger insektet til at kravle ud
03:10
getting covered in pollen that it takes somewhere else.
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imens det bliver dækket af pollen det tager med sig.
03:14
Orchids: there are 20,000, at least,
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Orkideer: der mindst er 20.000 arter,
03:16
species of orchids --
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af orkideer --
03:18
amazingly, amazingly diverse.
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fantastisk, fantastisk forskellige.
03:20
And they get up to all sorts of tricks.
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De har alle mulige tricks,
03:22
They have to try and attract pollinators
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for at tiltrække bestøvere
03:25
to do their bidding.
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til at udføre deres vilje.
03:27
This orchid, known as Darwin's orchid,
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Denne orkide, kendt som Darwins orkide,
03:30
because it's one that he studied
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fordi det er en han studerede,
03:32
and made a wonderful prediction when he saw it --
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og han lavede en fantastisk forudsigelse da han så den.
03:34
you can see that there's a very long nectar tube
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I kan se at der er et meget langt nektar-rør
03:37
that descends down
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der går ned
03:39
from the orchid.
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fra orkideen.
03:41
And basically what the insect has to do --
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Basalt set er det insektet skal gøre --
03:43
we're in the middle of the flower --
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vi er i midten af blomsten --
03:45
it has to stick its little proboscis
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det skal putte dets lille snabel
03:47
right into the middle of that
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lige ned i midten af blomsten
03:49
and all the way down that nectar tube
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og hele vejen ned igennem det nektar-rør
03:51
to get to the nectar.
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for at få fat i nektaren.
03:53
And Darwin said, looking at this flower,
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Darwin sagde, da han så blomsten,
03:56
"I guess something has coevolved with this."
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"Noget må have udviklet sig sammen med den."
03:58
And sure enough,
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og ganske rigtigt,
04:00
there's the insect.
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der er insektet,
04:02
And I mean, normally it kind of rolls it away,
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normalt er snablen rullet væk,
04:04
but in its erect form,
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men i sin udstrakte form,
04:06
that's what it looks like.
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ser det sådan her ud.
04:09
Now you can imagine
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I kan forestille jer
04:11
that if nectar
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at hvis nektar
04:13
is such a valuable thing
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er sådan en værdifuld ting
04:16
and expensive for the plant to produce
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og dyr for planterne at producere,
04:18
and it attracts lots of pollinators,
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og det tiltrækker en masse bestøvere,
04:21
then, just as in human sex,
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så, ligesom ved menneskelig sex,
04:23
people might start to deceive.
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så vil nogen måske begynde at snyde.
04:25
They might say, "I've got a bit of nectar. Do you want to come and get it?"
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De vil måske sige "Jeg har en smule nektar. Har du lyst til at komme og tage det?"
04:28
Now this is a plant.
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Det her er en plante,
04:31
This is a plant here
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Det er en plante
04:33
that insects in South Africa just love,
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som insekter i Sydafrika bare elsker,
04:37
and they've evolved with a long proboscis
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og de har udviklet sig med en lang snabel,
04:40
to get the nectar at the bottom.
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for at få fat i nektaren på bunden.
04:42
And this is the mimic.
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Dette her er efterligneren,
04:44
So this is a plant that is mimicking the first plant.
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så det her er en plante der efterligner den første plante.
04:47
And here is the long-probosced fly
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Her er den lang-snablede flue,
04:50
that has not gotten any nectar from the mimic,
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den har ikke fået noget nektar fra efterligneren,
04:53
because the mimic doesn't give it any nectar. It thought it would get some.
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for efterligneren giver den intet nektar, men den troede den ville få noget.
04:56
So not only has the fly
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Så ikke alene får fluen
04:58
not got the nectar from the mimic plant,
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ikke noget nektar fra efterligneren,
05:00
it's also -- if you look very closely
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den får -- hvis man ser godt efter
05:02
just at the head end, you can see that it's got a bit of pollen
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lige ved hovedet, kan man se at den har en smule pollen
05:05
that it would be transmitting to another plant,
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som den vil overføre til en anden plante.
05:07
if only some botanist hadn't come along
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Hvis ikke en botanist var kommet
05:09
and stuck it to a blue piece of card.
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og havde klistret den til et blåt stykke pap.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
05:16
Now deceit carries on through the plant kingdom.
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Bedrag foregår i gennem hele planteriget,
05:19
This flower with its black dots:
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denne blomst, med sine sorte prikker:
05:21
they might look like black dots to us,
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de ligner måske sorte prikker for os
05:23
but if I tell you, to a male insect of the right species,
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men jeg kan fortælle jer, at for en han af den rette insektart
05:26
that looks like two females
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ligner det to hunner
05:28
who are really, really hot to trot.
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som er meget meget villige.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
05:32
And when the insect gets there and lands on it,
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Når insektet kommer og lander på planten
05:35
dousing itself in pollen, of course, that it's going to take to another plant,
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overdænges den selvfølgeligt med pollen, som den tager med til en anden plante,
05:38
if you look at the every-home-should-have-one scanning electron microscope picture,
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hvis man ser på hvert-hjem-burde-have-et-scannings elektronmikroskob-billedet,
05:42
you can see that there are actually some patterning there,
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kan man se at der faktisk er et mønster der,
05:44
which is three-dimensional.
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som er tredimensionelt.
05:46
So it probably even feels good for the insect,
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Så det føles måske endda godt for insektet,
05:49
as well as looking good.
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udover blot at se godt ud.
05:52
And these electron microscope pictures --
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Disse elektronmikroskop-billeder --
05:54
here's one of an orchid mimicking an insect --
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her er et af en orkide der efterligner et insekt --
05:57
you can see that different parts of the structure
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man kan se at forskellige dele af planten
06:00
have different colors and different textures to our eye,
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har forskellige farver og teksturer for os,
06:03
have very, very different textures
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men har meget, meget forskellige teksturer
06:05
to what an insect might perceive.
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i forhold til hvad et insekt opfatter.
06:08
And this one is evolved to mimic
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Denne her har udviklet sig til at efterligne
06:10
a glossy metallic surface
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en blank metallisk overflade
06:13
you see on some beetles.
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som man ser på nogle biller.
06:15
And under the scanning electron microscope,
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Under scannings-elektron mikroskopet,
06:18
you can see the surface there --
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kan man se at overfladen der
06:21
really quite different from the other surfaces we looked at.
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er ret forskellig fra de andre overflader vi har set på
06:25
Sometimes the whole plant
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Nogen gange efterligner hele planten
06:27
mimics an insect, even to us.
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et insekt, selv for os.
06:30
I mean, I think that looks like some sort of flying animal or beast.
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Jeg mener, jeg synes at det ligner et eller andet flyvende dyr,
06:33
It's a wonderful, amazing thing.
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det er en vidunderlig og fantastisk ting.
06:36
This one's clever. It's called obsidian.
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Denne her er klog, den kaldes obsidian,
06:39
I think of it as insidium sometimes.
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Jeg tænker nogen gange på den som "provokerian"
06:41
To the right species of bee,
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For den rette art af bier,
06:44
this looks like another very aggressive bee,
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ligner det en anden meget aggressiv bi,
06:46
and it goes and bonks it on the head lots and lots of times to try and drive it away,
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og bien går hen og skubber til hovedet igen og igen for at drive den væk,
06:49
and, of course, covers itself with pollen.
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og dækkes selvfølgeligt i pollen.
06:51
The other thing it does
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Den anden ting planter gør
06:53
is that this plant mimics another orchid
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er som denne der efterligner en anden orkide
06:56
that has a wonderful store
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der har et vidunderligt lager
06:59
of food for insects.
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af mad til insekter,
07:01
And this one doesn't have anything for them.
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og den her har ikke noget til dem
07:03
So it's deceiving on two levels --
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så den snyder på to niveauer --
07:05
fabulous.
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fantastisk.
07:07
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
07:09
Here we see ylang ylang,
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Her ser vi ylang ylang,
07:11
the component of many perfumes.
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en ingrediens i mange parfumer,
07:13
I actually smelt someone with some on earlier.
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jeg lugtede faktisk en med noget på tidligere.
07:16
And the flowers don't really have to be that gaudy.
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Blomsterne behøver ikke at være særligt farvestrålende
07:18
They're sending out a fantastic array of scent
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de udsender en fantastisk vifte af duft
07:21
to any insect that'll have it.
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til ethvert insekt der vil have det.
07:24
This one doesn't smell so good.
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Denne her lugter ikke særligt godt,
07:26
This is a flower
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det er en blomst
07:28
that really, really smells pretty nasty
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der lugter virkeligt, virkeligt grimt
07:31
and is designed, again, evolved,
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og er designet, altså udviklet,
07:34
to look like carrion.
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til at ligne et ådsel.
07:37
So flies love this.
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Så fluer elsker den,
07:39
They fly in and they pollinate.
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de flyver ind og de bestøver.
07:42
This, which is helicodiceros,
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Denne her, som er helicodiceros,
07:46
is also known as dead horse arum.
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er også kendt som "død-hest-arum"
07:49
I don't know what a dead horse actually smells like,
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Jeg ved ikke hvordan en død hest faktisk lugter,
07:51
but this one probably smells pretty much like it.
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men den her lugter sikkert ligesådan,
07:53
It's really horrible.
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det er virkeligt frygteligt,
07:55
And blowflies just can't help themselves.
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og spyfluer kan bare ikke modstå den,
07:57
They fly into this thing,
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de flyver ind i den,
07:59
and they fly all the way down it.
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og så flyver de hele vejen ned,
08:01
They lay their eggs in it,
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de lægger deres æg i den
08:03
thinking it's a nice bit of carrion,
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i den tro det er et lækkert ådsel,
08:05
and not realizing that there's no food for the eggs, that the eggs are going to die,
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uden at indse at der ikke er noget mad til æggene og at æggene vil dø.
08:08
but the plant, meanwhile, has benefited,
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Planten har i mellemtiden draget nytte af det,
08:11
because the bristles release
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for børsterne løsner sig
08:13
and the flies disappear
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og fluerne forsvinder
08:15
to pollinate the next flower -- fantastic.
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for at bestøve den næste blomst -- fantastisk.
08:18
Here's arum, arum maculatum,
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Her er arum, arum maculatum,
08:20
"lords and ladies," or "cuckoo-pint" in this country.
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mine damer og herrer, eller gøge-arum i England [Plettet arum]
08:23
I photographed this thing last week in Dorset.
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Jeg fotograferede den her sidste uge i Dorset,
08:25
This thing heats up
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den genererer varme
08:27
by about 15 degrees above ambient temperature --
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og varmer sig cirka 15 grader op --
08:29
amazing.
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fantastisk.
08:31
And if you look down into it,
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Hvis man ser ned i den,
08:33
there's this sort of dam past the spadix,
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er der en slags dæmning bag ved koblen,
08:36
flies get attracted by the heat --
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fluer bliver tiltrukket af varmen --
08:38
which is boiling off volatile chemicals, little midges --
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som skabes af reaktioner imellem kemikalier -- små fluer,
08:40
and they get trapped underneath in this container.
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de bliver fanget for neden i den her beholder.
08:43
They drink this fabulous nectar
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De drikker en fantastisk nektar
08:46
and then they're all a bit sticky.
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og bliver så en smule klæbrige.
08:48
At night they get covered in pollen,
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Om natten bliver de dækket af pollen
08:51
which showers down over them,
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som regner ned over dem,
08:53
and then the bristles that we saw above,
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og så bliver de børster vi så foroven slappe
08:55
they sort of wilt and allow all these midges out, covered in pollen --
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og alle de små fluer vælter ud, dækket i pollen --
08:58
fabulous thing.
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fantastisk.
09:00
Now if you think that's fabulous, this is one of my great favorites.
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Hvis du synes det er fantastisk, det her er en af mine favoritter.
09:03
This is the philodendron selloum.
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Dette er philodendron selloum,
09:06
For anyone here from Brazil, you'll know about this plant.
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til alle jer fra Brasilien, i kender til den her plante.
09:09
This is the most amazing thing.
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Det er den mest fantastiske ting,
09:11
That sort of phallic bit there
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den lidt falliske del der,
09:13
is about a foot long.
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er omkring 30cm lang,
09:15
And it does something
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og den gør noget
09:17
that no other plant that I know of does,
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som ingen anden plante jeg kender til gør.
09:20
and that is that when it flowers --
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Det er at når den blomstrer --
09:22
that's the spadix in the middle there --
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det er kolben i midten der --
09:24
for a period of about two days,
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i omkring to dage,
09:27
it metabolizes in a way
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forbrænder den på en måde
09:29
which is rather similar to mammals.
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som er ret ens med pattedyr.
09:31
So instead of having starch,
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Så i stedet for at have stivelse,
09:33
which is the food of plants,
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hvilket er føde for planter,
09:35
it takes something rather similar to brown fat
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bruger den noget lignende brunt fedt,
09:37
and burns it at such a rate
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og forbrænder det så hurtigt,
09:39
that it's burning fat, metabolizing,
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at den brænder fedt, forbrænder,
09:42
about the rate of a small cat.
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omkring så hurtigt som en lille kat.
09:45
And that's twice the energy output, weight for weight,
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Det er det dobbelte energiforbrug, vægt for vægt
09:48
than a hummingbird --
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i forhold til en kolibri --
09:50
absolutely astonishing.
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fuldstændigt forbløffende.
09:52
This thing does something else which is unusual.
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Den her gør noget andet der er usædvanligt,
09:54
Not only will it raise itself to 115 Fahrenheit,
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ikke alene vil den hæve temperaturen til 115 grader fahrenheit.
09:57
43 or 44 degrees Centigrade, for two days,
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43 eller 44 grader celsius, i to dage
10:00
but it keeps constant temperature.
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men den holder en konstant temperatur.
10:03
There's a thermoregulation mechanism in there
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der er en temperaturregulerende mekanisme derinde
10:05
that keeps constant temperature.
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der holder en konstant temperatur.
10:07
"Now why does it do this," I hear you ask.
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Hvorfor gør den det? vil man måske spørge.
10:09
Now wouldn't you know it,
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Der kan man bare se,
10:11
there's some beetles that just love to make love at that temperature.
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der er nogle biller der elsker at elske ved den temperatur,
10:15
And they get inside, and they get it all on.
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og de går ind og går igang.
10:18
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
10:20
And the plant showers them with pollen,
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og planten overøser dem med pollen,
10:22
and off they go and pollinate.
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og så går de videre og bestøver,
10:25
And what a wonderful thing it is.
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og hvilken vidunderlig ting det er.
10:28
Now most pollinators
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De fleste bestøvere
10:31
that we think about are insects,
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vi tænker på er insekter,
10:33
but actually in the tropics,
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men faktisk, i troperne,
10:35
many birds and butterflies pollinate.
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bestøver mange fugle og sommerfugle,
10:38
And many of the tropical flowers are red,
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og mange af de tropiske blomster er røde,
10:40
and that's because butterflies and birds
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og det er fordi sommerfugle og fugle
10:42
see similarly to us, we think,
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ser på samme måde som os, tror vi,
10:44
and can see the color red very well.
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og kan nemt se farven rød.
10:47
But if you look at the spectrum,
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Hvis man kigger på spektrumet,
10:50
birds and us, we see red, green and blue
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os og fugle, vi ser rød, grøn og blå,
10:53
and see that spectrum.
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og ser det spektrum.
10:55
Insects see green, blue and ultraviolet,
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Insekter ser grøn, blå og ultraviolet,
10:57
and they see various shades of ultraviolet.
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og de ser forskellige nuancer af ultraviolet,
10:59
So there's something that goes on off the end there.
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så der sker noget over i enden der.
11:02
"And wouldn't it be great if we could somehow see what that is," I hear you ask.
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"og ville det ikke være fedt hvis vi kunne se hvad det er?" Kan jeg høre jer spørge.
11:05
Well yes we can.
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Vi kan faktisk se det,
11:07
So what is an insect seeing?
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så hvad ser et insekt?
11:10
Last week I took these pictures of rock rose,
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Sidste uge tog jeg de her billeder af soløjer,
11:12
helianthemum, in Dorset.
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filtet soløje, i Dorset.
11:14
These are little yellow flowers like we all see,
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Det her er de små gule blomster vi alle kan se,
11:17
little yellow flowers all over the place.
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små gule blomster over det hele,
11:19
And this is what it looks like with visible light.
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og dette er hvad man ser med synligt lys,
11:22
This is what it looks like if you take out the red.
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det her er hvad man ser hvis man fjerner det røde.
11:25
Most bees don't perceive red.
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De fleste bier kan ikke se rødt,
11:28
And then I put some ultraviolet filters on my camera
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og så satte jeg nogle ultraviolete filtre på mit kamera
11:32
and took a very, very long exposure
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og brugte en meget lang lukketid,
11:35
with the particular frequencies of ultraviolet light
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med lige præcist den frekvens af ultraviolet.
11:38
and this is what I got.
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Det her er hvad jeg fik,
11:40
And that's a real fantastic bull's eye.
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og det er et fantastisk bulls eye.
11:43
Now we don't know
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Vi ved dog ikke
11:45
exactly what a bee sees,
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præcist hvad en bi ser,
11:47
any more than you know what I'm seeing
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mere end i ved hvad jeg ser
11:49
when I call this red.
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når jeg kalder det her rød.
11:52
We can't know what's going on in -- let alone an insect's --
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Vi kan ikke vide hvad der sker i, ikke mindst et insekts,
11:55
another human being's mind.
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men også et andet menneskes sind.
11:58
But the contrast will look something like that,
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Kontrasten vil se cirka sådan her ud,
12:02
so standing out a lot from the background.
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så det står meget ud i forhold til baggrunden.
12:04
Here's another little flower --
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Her er en anden lille blomst --
12:06
different range of ultraviolet frequencies,
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andre ultraviolete frekvenser,
12:09
different filters
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andre filtre,
12:11
to match the pollinators.
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for at passe til bestøverne,
12:13
And that's the sort of thing that it would be seeing.
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og det er det her bestøveren ville se,
12:16
Just in case you think
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i tilfælde af at i tænker
12:18
that all yellow flowers have this property --
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at alle disse blomster havde den egenskab --
12:21
no flower was damaged in the process of this shot;
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ingen blomster blev beskadiget under fotograferingen,
12:24
it was just attached to the tripod,
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den var bare fæstnet til trefoden,
12:27
not killed --
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ikke dræbt --
12:29
then under ultraviolet light,
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og så under ultraviolet lys,
12:31
look at that.
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prøv lige at se.
12:33
And that could be the basis of a sunscreen
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Det kunne være basis for en solcreme,
12:35
because sunscreens work by absorbing ultraviolet light.
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for solcreme virker ved at absorbere ultraviolet lys,
12:37
So maybe the chemical in that would be useful.
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så måske er kemikaliet heri brugbart.
12:41
Finally, there's one of evening primrose
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Til sidst, her er et af en toårig natlys
12:44
that Bjorn Rorslett from Norway sent me --
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som Bjørn Rorslett fra Norge sendte mig --
12:46
fantastic hidden pattern.
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fantastisk skjult mønster,
12:48
And I love the idea of something hidden.
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og jeg elsker ideen om noget skjult.
12:50
I think there's something poetic here,
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Jeg synes der er noget poetisk her,
12:52
that these pictures taken with ultraviolet filter,
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at disse billeder, taget med ultraviolet filter,
12:55
the main use of that filter
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hovedbrugen af de filtre
12:57
is for astronomers to take pictures of Venus --
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er astronomer der tager billeder af Venus --
13:00
actually the clouds of Venus.
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faktisk skyerne på Venus.
13:03
That's the main use of that filter.
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Det er hovedbrugen af det filter,
13:05
Venus, of course, is the god of love and fertility,
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Venus er selvfølgeligt guden for kærlighed og frugtbarhed,
13:08
which is the flower story.
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hvilket er blomster historien.
13:10
And just as flowers spend a lot of effort
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Og ligesom blomsterne bruger en masse kræfter
13:12
trying to get pollinators to do their bidding,
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på at få bestøvere til at gøre deres gerning,
13:15
they've also somehow managed to persuade us to plant great fields full of them
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har de også på en eller anden måde overbevist os om at plante masser af dem
13:18
and give them to each other
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og give dem til hinanden
13:20
at times of birth and death,
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i tider med fødsel og død,
13:24
and particularly at marriage,
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og specielt ved ægteskab,
13:26
which, when you think of it,
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hvilket, når man tænker over det,
13:28
is the moment that encapsulates
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er det øjeblik der indkapsler
13:30
the transfer of genetic material
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overførslen af genetisk materiale
13:33
from one organism to another.
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fra en organisme til en anden.
13:35
Thank you very much.
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Tusind tak
13:37
(Applause)
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(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Drori - EducatorJonathan Drori commissioned the BBC's very first websites, one highlight in a long career devoted to online culture and educational media -- and understanding how we learn.
Why you should listen
Jonathan Drori has dedicated his career to media and learning. As the Head of Commissioning for BBC Online, he led the effort to create bbc.co.uk, the online face of the BBC (an effort he recalls fondly). He came to the web from the TV side of the BBC, where as an editor and producer he headed up dozens of television series on science, education and the arts.
After almost two decades at the BBC, he's now a director at Changing Media Ltd., a media and education consultancy, and is a visiting professor at University of Bristol, where he studies educational media and misperceptions in science. He continues to executive produce the occasional TV series, including 2004's award-winning "The DNA Story" and 2009's "Great Sperm Race." He is on the boards of the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Woodland Trust.
(Photo: Lloyd Davis/flickr)
Jonathan Drori | Speaker | TED.com