TEDSalon London Fall 2012
Markham Nolan: How to separate fact and fiction online
Markham Nolan: Hvordan man adskiller fakta og fiktion online
Filmed:
Readability: 3.7
1,386,207 views
Når dette foredrag er slut, vil der være yderligere 864 timers filmklip på YouTube og yderligere 2,5 millioner billeder på Facebook og Instagram. Så hvordan sorterer vi i syndfloden? Ved TEDSalon i London, deler Markham Nolan sine undersøgende teknikker som han og hans team bruger til at kontrollere information i real time, for at lade os vide om det billede af Frihedsgudinden er blevet forfalsket eller om det filmklip der er sivet ud fra Syrien er legitimt.
Markham Nolan - Journalist
The managing editor of Storyful.com, Markham Nolan has watched journalism evolve from the pursuit of finding facts to the act of verifying those floating in the ether. Full bio
The managing editor of Storyful.com, Markham Nolan has watched journalism evolve from the pursuit of finding facts to the act of verifying those floating in the ether. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I've been a journalist now since I was about 17,
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Jeg har nu været journalist siden jeg var cirka 17,
00:19
and it's an interesting industry to be in at the moment,
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og det er en interessant industri for tiden,
00:22
because as you all know, there's a huge amount of upheaval
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fordi som I alle ved, er der en stor omvæltning
00:25
going on in media, and most of you probably know this
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i medierne, og de fleste af jer ved dette sikkert fra
00:27
from the business angle, which is that the business model
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et virksomhedsmæssigt synspunkt, hvilket er at forretningsmodellen
00:30
is pretty screwed, and as my grandfather would say,
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er temmelig ødelagt , og som min bedstefar ville sige,
00:33
the profits have all been gobbled up by Google.
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er al profitten blevet slugt af Google.
00:36
So it's a really interesting time to be a journalist,
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Så det er en virkelig interessant tid at være journalist i,
00:38
but the upheaval that I'm interested in is not on the output side.
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men den omvæltning som jeg er interesseret i, er ikke på output siden.
00:41
It's on the input side. It's concern with
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Det er på input siden. Det er betænkelighed over
00:44
how we get information and how we gather the news.
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hvordan vi får information og hvordan vi indsamler nyhederne.
00:47
And that's changed, because we've had a huge shift
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Og det har ændret sig, fordi vi har haft et kæmpe skift
00:50
in the balance of power from
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i magtbalancen fra
00:52
the news organizations to the audience.
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nyhedsorganisationerne til publikummet.
00:54
And the audience for such a long time was in a position
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Og publikummet var i virkelig lang tid i en position
00:56
where they didn't have any way of affecting news
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hvor de ikke havde nogen måde at påvirke nyhederne på
00:59
or making any change. They couldn't really connect.
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eller lave nogen forandringer. De kunne ikke rigtig samle sig.
01:01
And that's changed irrevocably.
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Og det har ændret sig uigenkaldeligt.
01:03
My first connection with the news media was
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Min første forbindelse med nyhedsmedierne var
01:06
in 1984, the BBC had a one-day strike.
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i 1984, da BBC have en en-dags strejke.
01:10
I wasn't happy. I was angry. I couldn't see my cartoons.
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Jeg var ikke glad. Jeg var sur. Jeg kunne ikke se mine tegneserier.
01:13
So I wrote a letter.
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Så jeg skrev et brev.
01:15
And it's a very effective way of ending your hate mail:
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Og det er en meget effektiv måde at afslutte ens hade mail:
01:18
"Love Markham, Aged 4." Still works.
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"Knus Markham, alder 4." Det virker stadig.
01:21
I'm not sure if I had any impact on the one-day strike,
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Jeg er ikke sikker på at jeg havde nogen indflydelse på en-dags strejken,
01:24
but what I do know is that it took them three weeks to get back to me.
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men det jeg ved er, at det tog dem tre uger at skrive tilbage til mig.
01:27
And that was the round journey. It took that long for anyone
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Og det var rundturen. Det tog så lang tid for hvem som helst,
01:29
to have any impact and get some feedback.
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at have nogen indflydelse og få noget feedback.
01:31
And that's changed now because, as journalists,
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Og det har ændret sig nu fordi, som journalister,
01:34
we interact in real time. We're not in a position
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interagerer vi i real time. Vi er ikke i en position
01:37
where the audience is reacting to news.
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hvor publikummet reagerer på nyhederne.
01:39
We're reacting to the audience, and we're actually relying on them.
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Vi reagerer på publikummet, og vi er faktisk afhængige af dem.
01:43
They're helping us find the news. They're helping us
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De hjælper os med at finde nyhederne. De hjælper os med
01:46
figure out what is the best angle to take and what is the stuff that they want to hear.
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at finde ud af hvad der er den bedste indgangsvinkel og hvad det er de gerne vil høre.
01:50
So it's a real-time thing. It's much quicker. It's happening
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Så det er en real time ting. Det er meget hurtigere. Det sker
01:54
on a constant basis, and the journalist is always playing catch up.
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på konstant basis, og journalisterne halser altid efter.
02:00
To give an example of how we rely on the audience,
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For at give et eksempel på hvordan vi er afhængige af publikummet,
02:03
on the 5th of September in Costa Rica, an earthquake hit.
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den femte september blev Costa Rica ramt af et jordskælv.
02:07
It was a 7.6 magnitude. It was fairly big.
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Det var en 7.6 på Richterskalaen. Det var temmelig stort.
02:10
And 60 seconds is the amount of time it took
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Og 60 sekunder er den tid det tog
02:13
for it to travel 250 kilometers to Managua.
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for den at tilbagelægge de 250 kilometer til Managua.
02:15
So the ground shook in Managua 60 seconds after it hit the epicenter.
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Så jorden skælvede i Managua 60 sekunder efter den ramte epicenteret.
02:19
Thirty seconds later, the first message went onto Twitter,
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Tredive sekunder senere, kom den første besked på Twitter,
02:22
and this was someone saying "temblor," which means earthquake.
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og det var en person der sagde "temblor", hvilket betyder jordskælv.
02:25
So 60 seconds was how long it took
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Så 60 sekunder var den tid det tog
02:27
for the physical earthquake to travel.
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for det fysiske jordskælv at rejse.
02:29
Thirty seconds later news of that earthquake had traveled
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Tredive sekunder senere havde nyheden om det jordskælv rejst
02:32
all around the world, instantly. Everyone in the world,
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jorden rundt, øjeblikkeligt. Alle i verden,
02:35
hypothetically, had the potential to know that an earthquake
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hypotetisk set, havde potentialet til at vide at et jordskælv
02:38
was happening in Managua.
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havde ramt Managua.
02:40
And that happened because this one person had
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Og det skete fordi denne ene person havde et
02:42
a documentary instinct, which was to post a status update,
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dokumenterende instinkt, hvilket var at slå en status opdatering op,
02:46
which is what we all do now, so if something happens,
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hvilket er det vi alle gør nu, så hvis der sker noget,
02:49
we put our status update, or we post a photo,
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opdaterer vi vores status, eller vi slår et billede op,
02:51
we post a video, and it all goes up into the cloud in a constant stream.
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vi slår et filmklip op, og det forsvinder alt sammen op i skyen i en konstant strøm.
02:55
And what that means is just constant,
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Og det det betyder er, at der konstant
02:58
huge volumes of data going up.
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forsvinder store mængder data op.
03:00
It's actually staggering. When you look at the numbers,
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Det er faktisk rystende. Når man ser på talene,
03:02
every minute there are 72 more hours
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hvert minut er der 72 timers filmklip
03:05
of video on YouTube.
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mere på YouTube.
03:07
So that's, every second, more than an hour of video gets uploaded.
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Så det er, hvert sekund, mere end en times video der bliver uploadet.
03:10
And in photos, Instagram, 58 photos are uploaded to Instagram a second.
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Og med billeder, Instagram, bliver der uploadet 58 billeder til Instagram hvert sekund.
03:14
More than three and a half thousand photos go up onto Facebook.
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Mere end tre og et halvt tusinde billeder bliver uploadet til Facebook.
03:18
So by the time I'm finished talking here, there'll be 864
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Så til den tid jeg er færdig med at tale her, er der 864
03:22
more hours of video on Youtube than there were when I started,
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timers video ekstra på YouTube, i forhold til da jeg startede
03:25
and two and a half million more photos on Facebook and Instagram than when I started.
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og to og et halvt millioner flere billeder på Facebook og Instagram end da jeg startede.
03:29
So it's an interesting position to be in as a journalist,
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Så det er en interessant position at være i som journalist,
03:33
because we should have access to everything.
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fordi vi burde have adgang til alt.
03:35
Any event that happens anywhere in the world, I should be able to know about it
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Enhver begivenhed der sker hvor som helst i verden, bør jeg kende til
03:38
pretty much instantaneously, as it happens, for free.
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mere eller mindre med det samme, i det det sker, gratis.
03:42
And that goes for every single person in this room.
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Og det gælder for hver enkelt person i dette lokale.
03:45
The only problem is, when you have that much information,
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Det eneste problem er, at når man har så meget information,
03:48
you have to find the good stuff, and that can be
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skal man finde de gode ting, og det kan være
03:50
incredibly difficult when you're dealing with those volumes.
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utrolig svært når man håndterer denne mængde.
03:52
And nowhere was this brought home more than during
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Og det blev vist mest tydeligt under
03:55
Hurricane Sandy. So what you had in Hurricane Sandy was
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Orkanen Sandy. Så Orkan Sandy var
03:58
a superstorm, the likes of which we hadn't seen for a long time,
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en superstorm, hvis lige vi ikke havde set i lang tid,
04:01
hitting the iPhone capital of the universe -- (Laughter) --
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der ramte iPhone hovedstaden i universet -- (Latter) --
04:04
and you got volumes of media like we'd never seen before.
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og en mængde medier som aldrig nogensinde er set før.
04:08
And that meant that journalists had to deal with fakes,
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Og det betød at journalister skulle håndtere falske kopier,
04:11
so we had to deal with old photos that were being reposted.
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så vi skulle håndtere gamle billeder der blev gensendt.
04:14
We had to deal with composite images
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Vi skulle håndtere sammensatte billeder
04:16
that were merging photos from previous storms.
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der var sammensatte billeder fra tidligere storme.
04:19
We had to deal with images from films like "The Day After Tomorrow." (Laughter)
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Vi skulle håndtere billeder fra film som "The Day After Tomorrow." (Latter)
04:24
And we had to deal with images that were so realistic
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Og vi skulle håndtere billeder der var så realistiske
04:27
it was nearly difficult to tell if they were real at all.
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at det næsten var svært at se om de overhovedet var virkelige.
04:29
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
04:34
But joking aside, there were images like this one from Instagram
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Men spøg til side, der var billeder som dette fra Instagram
04:38
which was subjected to a grilling by journalists.
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der blev ristet af en journalist
04:40
They weren't really sure. It was filtered in Instagram.
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De var ikke helt sikre. Det var filtreret i Instagram.
04:42
The lighting was questioned. Everything was questioned about it.
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Der blev sået tvivl om lynet. Der blev sået tvivl om det hele.
04:45
And it turned out to be true. It was from Avenue C
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Og det viste sig at være rigtigt. Det var fra Avenue C
04:47
in downtown Manhattan, which was flooded.
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i downtown Manhattan, der var oversvømmet.
04:49
And the reason that they could tell that it was real
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Og grunden til de kunne se at det var ægte
04:51
was because they could get to the source, and in this case,
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var fordi de kunne snakke med kilden, og i dette tilfælde,
04:53
these guys were New York food bloggers.
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var disse fyre mad bloggere fra New York.
04:55
They were well respected. They were known.
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De var velrenommerede. De var kendte.
04:57
So this one wasn't a debunk, it was actually something that they could prove.
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Så dette var ikke en afsløring, det var noget de faktisk kunne bevise.
05:00
And that was the job of the journalist. It was filtering all this stuff.
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Og det var journalistens arbejde. Det var at filtrere alle disse ting.
05:03
And you were, instead of going and finding the information
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Og man var, i stedet for at gå ud og finde informationen
05:06
and bringing it back to the reader, you were holding back
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og tage det med tilbage til læseren, holdte man de ting
05:09
the stuff that was potentially damaging.
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tilbage der potentielt var skadelige.
05:11
And finding the source becomes more and more important --
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Og at finde kilden bliver mere og mere vigtigt --
05:14
finding the good source -- and Twitter is where most journalists now go.
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at finde den gode kilde -- og Twitter er det sted de fleste journalister nu går hen.
05:17
It's like the de facto real-time newswire,
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Det er ligesom de facto real time nyhedstjeneste,
05:21
if you know how to use it, because there is so much on Twitter.
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hvis man ved hvordan man skal bruge den, fordi der er så meget på Twitter.
05:23
And a good example of how useful it can be
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Og et godt eksempel på hvor brugbart det kan være
05:26
but also how difficult was the Egyptian revolution in 2011.
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men også hvor svært det kan være, er den ægyptiske revolution i 2011.
05:29
As a non-Arabic speaker, as someone who was looking
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Som en ikke-arabisk taler, som en der betragtede
05:32
from the outside, from Dublin,
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det udefra, fra Dublin,
05:34
Twitter lists, and lists of good sources,
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Twitter lister, og lister på gode kilder,
05:36
people we could establish were credible, were really important.
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mennesker som vi kunne etablere som troværdige, var virkelig vigtige.
05:40
And how do you build a list like that from scratch?
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Og hvordan bygger man sådan en liste helt forfra?
05:42
Well, it can be quite difficult, but you have to know what to look for.
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Jamen, det kan være ret svært, men man skal vide hvad man skal kigge efter.
05:45
This visualization was done by an Italian academic.
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Denne visualisering blev gjort af en italiensk akademiker.
05:48
He's called André Pannison, and he basically
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Han hedder André Pannison, og han tog dybest set
05:51
took the Twitter conversation in Tahrir Square
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Twitter samtalen på Tahrirpladsen
05:53
on the day that Hosni Mubarak would eventually resign,
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den dag som Hosni Mubarak i sidste ende trådte tilbage,
05:57
and the dots you can see are retweets, so when someone
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og prikkerne man kan se er retweets, så når nogen
05:59
retweets a message, a connection is made between two dots,
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retweeter en besked, kommer der en forbindelse mellem to prikker,
06:02
and the more times that message is retweeted by other people,
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og jo flere gange en besked bliver retweetet af andre mennesker,
06:05
the more you get to see these nodes, these connections being made.
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jo mere kommer man til se disse knudepunkter, disse forbindelser blive lavet.
06:08
And it's an amazing way of visualizing the conversation,
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Og det er en utrolig måde at visualisere en samtale på,
06:10
but what you get is hints at who is more interesting
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men det man får er disse mod det der er mere interessant
06:12
and who is worth investigating.
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og hvem der er værd at undersøge nærmere.
06:15
And as the conversation grew and grew, it became
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Og i takt med at samtalen voksede og voksede, blev det
06:18
more and more lively, and eventually you were left
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mere og mere levende, og til slut blev man efterladt
06:20
with this huge, big, rhythmic pointer of this conversation.
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med denne kæmpe, store, rytmiske
06:25
You could find the nodes, though, and then you went,
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Man kunne dog finde knudepunkter, dog, og så sagde man,
06:27
and you go, "Right, I've got to investigate these people.
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og man siger, "Okay, jeg skal undersøge disse personer nærmere.
06:29
These are the ones that are obviously making sense.
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Dette er dem der tydeligvis giver mening.
06:31
Let's see who they are."
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Lad os se hvem de er."
06:33
Now in the deluge of information, this is where
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I syndfloden af information, er dette hvor
06:36
the real-time web gets really interesting for a journalist like myself,
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real time nettet bliver virkelig interessant for en journalist som mig,
06:39
because we have more tools than ever
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fordi vi har flere værktøjer end nogensinde før
06:41
to do that kind of investigation.
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til at lave denne slags efterforskning.
06:44
And when you start digging into the sources, you can go
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Og når man begynder at grave efter kilder, kan man gå
06:47
further and further than you ever could before.
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længere og længere end man nogensinde kunne før.
06:49
Sometimes you come across a piece of content that
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Nogle gange kommer man forbi et stykke indhold der
06:52
is so compelling, you want to use it, you're dying to use it,
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er så fængslende, man vil bruge det, man er syg efter at bruge det,
06:56
but you're not 100 percent sure if you can because
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men man er ikke 100 procent sikker på at man kan det fordi
06:59
you don't know if the source is credible.
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man ikke ved om kilden er troværdig.
07:00
You don't know if it's a scrape. You don't know if it's a re-upload.
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Man ved ikke om det er skrot. Man ved ikke om det er en genupload.
07:02
And you have to do that investigative work.
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Og man skal gøre det undersøgende arbejde.
07:04
And this video, which I'm going to let run through,
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Og dette filmklip, som jeg vil lade køre,
07:06
was one we discovered a couple of weeks ago.
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var en vi opdagede for et par uger siden.
07:09
Video: Getting real windy in just a second.
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Video: Der begynder virkelig at blæse om et øjeblik.
07:11
(Rain and wind sounds)
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(Regn og vind lyde)
07:16
(Explosion) Oh, shit!
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(Eksplosion) Oh, shit!
07:19
Markham Nolan: Okay, so now if you're a news producer, this is something
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Markham Nolan: Okay, så hvis man nu er nyheds producent, er dette noget
07:22
you'd love to run with, because obviously, this is gold.
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man ville elske at vise, fordi dette er tydeligvis guld.
07:25
You know? This is a fantastic reaction from someone,
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I ved? Dette er en fantastisk reaktion fra en person,
07:27
very genuine video that they've shot in their back garden.
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et meget ægte filmklip som de har filmet i deres baghave.
07:30
But how do you find if this person, if it's true, if it's faked,
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Men hvordan finder man denne person, hvis det er sandt, hvis det er falsk,
07:33
or if it's something that's old and that's been reposted?
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eller hvis det er noget der er gammelt og gensendt?
07:36
So we set about going to work on this video, and
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Så vi begyndte at arbejde på denne video, og
07:38
the only thing that we had to go on was the username on the YouTube account.
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den eneste ting som vi kunne gå efter var brugernavnet på YouTube kontoen.
07:41
There was only one video posted to that account,
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Der var kun postet et filmklip på den konto,
07:43
and the username was Rita Krill.
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og brugernavnet var Rita Krill.
07:45
And we didn't know if Rita existed or if it was a fake name.
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Og vi viste ikke om Rita eksisterede eller om det var et falsk navn.
07:48
But we started looking, and we used free Internet tools to do so.
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Men vi begyndte at kigge, og vi brugte gratis internet værktøjer til det.
07:51
The first one was called Spokeo, which allowed us to look for Rita Krills.
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Det første hed Spokeo, hvilket tillod os at søge efter Rita Kriller.
07:54
So we looked all over the U.S. We found them in New York,
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Så vi kiggede i hele USA. Vi fandt dem i New York,
07:57
we found them in Pennsylvania, Nevada and Florida.
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vi fandt dem i Pennsylvania, Nevada og Florida.
07:59
So we went and we looked for a second free Internet tool
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Så vi tog ud og kiggede på et andet gratis internet værktøj
08:02
called Wolfram Alpha, and we checked the weather reports
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der hedder Wolfram Alpha, og vi kiggede på vejr journaler
08:04
for the day in which this video had been uploaded,
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for den dag hvor denne video var blevet uploadet,
08:07
and when we went through all those various cities,
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og vi kiggede alle de forskellige byer igennem,
08:09
we found that in Florida, there were thunderstorms and rain on the day.
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og vi så at i Florida, var der uvejr og regn den dag.
08:12
So we went to the white pages, and we found,
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Så vi kiggede på de hvide sider, og vi fandt,
08:15
we looked through the Rita Krills in the phonebook,
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vi kiggede på alle Rita Krill i telefonbøgerne,
08:18
and we looked through a couple of different addresses,
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og vi kiggede på et par forskellige adresser,
08:20
and that took us to Google Maps, where we found a house.
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og det førte os til Google Maps, hvor vi fandt et hus.
08:23
And we found a house with a swimming pool that looked
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Og vi fandt et hus med en svømmepøl der så
08:25
remarkably like Rita's. So we went back to the video,
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bemærkelsesværdigt ud som Ritas. Så vi kiggede på filmklippet igen
08:28
and we had to look for clues that we could cross-reference.
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og vi kiggede efter tegn som vi kunne krydshenvise til.
08:31
So if you look in the video, there's the big umbrella,
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Så hvis man kigger på filmklippet, er der en stor paraply,
08:34
there's a white lilo in the pool,
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der er en hvid luftmadras i poolen,
08:36
there are some unusually rounded edges in the swimming pool,
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der er nogle utrolig runde kanter i svømmepølen,
08:38
and there's two trees in the background.
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og der er to træet i baggrunden.
08:40
And we went back to Google Maps, and we looked a little bit closer,
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Og vi kiggede på Google Maps, og vi kiggede lidt nærmere,
08:43
and sure enough, there's the white lilo,
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og bestemt, der er den hvide luftmadras,
08:45
there are the two trees,
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der er de to træer,
08:48
there's the umbrella. It's actually folded in this photo.
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der er paraplyen. Den er faktisk foldet sammen på dette billede.
08:50
Little bit of trickery. And there are the rounded edges on the swimming pool.
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Et lille trick. Og der er de afrundede kanter i svømmepølen.
08:54
So we were able to call Rita, clear the video,
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Så vi var i stand til at ringe til Rita, godkende videoen,
08:57
make sure that it had been shot, and then our clients
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være sikker på at den var blevet optaget, og så var vores klienter
08:59
were delighted because they were able to run it without being worried.
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glade, fordi de var i stand til at vise den uden at være bekymrede.
09:02
Sometimes the search for truth, though,
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Nogle gange er søgen efter sandheden, dog,
09:04
is a little bit less flippant, and it has much greater consequences.
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lidt mindre overfladiske, og det har meget større konsekvenser.
09:09
Syria has been really interesting for us, because obviously
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Syrien har været virkelig interessant for os, fordi man tydeligvis
09:12
a lot of the time you're trying to debunk stuff that can be
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meget af tiden prøver at afsløre ting der potentielt
09:14
potentially war crime evidence, so this is where YouTube
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kan være beviser på krigsforbrydelser, så dette er hvor YouTube
09:18
actually becomes the most important repository
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faktisk bliver det vigtigste skatkammer
09:20
of information about what's going on in the world.
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af information om hvad der sker i verden.
09:25
So this video, I'm not going to show you the whole thing,
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Så dette filmklip, jeg vil ikke vise jer hele klippet,
09:27
because it's quite gruesome, but you'll hear some of the sounds.
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fordi det er temmelig grusomt, men I kommer til at høre nogen af lydene.
09:30
This is from Hama.
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Dette er fra Hama.
09:32
Video: (Shouting)
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Video: (Råben)
09:35
And what this video shows, when you watch the whole thing through,
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Og det dette filmklip viser, hvis man ser det hele,
09:39
is bloody bodies being taken out of a pickup truck
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er blodige kroppe der bliver taget ud af en pickup
09:42
and thrown off a bridge.
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og smidt ud fra en bro.
09:45
The allegations were that these guys were Muslim Brotherhood
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Beskyldningerne var at disse fyre var fra Muslim Brotherhood
09:47
and they were throwing Syrian Army officers' bodies
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og at de smed kroppe af officerer fra den syriske hær
09:50
off the bridge, and they were cursing and using blasphemous language,
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ud fra broen, og at de bandede og brugte blasfemisk sprog,
09:53
and there were lots of counterclaims about who they were,
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og der var mange modbeskyldninger om hvem de var,
09:56
and whether or not they were what the video said it was.
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og om de var eller ikke var det filmklippet sagde det var.
09:58
So we talked to some sources in Hama who we had been
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Så vi talte med nogle kilder i Hama der havde været
10:01
back and forth with on Twitter, and we asked them about this,
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frem og tilbage på Twitter, og vi spurgte dem om dette,
10:03
and the bridge was interesting to us because it was something we could identify.
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og broen var interessant for os, fordi det var noget vi kunne identificere.
10:07
Three different sources said three different things about the bridge.
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Tre forskellige kilder sagde tre forskellige ting om broen.
10:10
They said, one, the bridge doesn't exist.
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De sagde, en, at broen ikke eksisterede.
10:12
Another one said the bridge does exist, but it's not in Hama. It's somewhere else.
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En anden sagde at broen eksisterede, men den er ikke i Hama. Den er et andet sted.
10:16
And the third one said, "I think the bridge does exist,
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Og den tredje sagde, "Jeg mener broen eksisterer,
10:19
but the dam upstream of the bridge was closed,
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men dæmningen op ad floden fra broen var lukket,
10:22
so the river should actually have been dry, so this doesn't make sense."
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så floden burde være tørret ud, så dette giver ikke nogen mening."
10:25
So that was the only one that gave us a clue.
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Så det var den eneste der gav os en ledetråd.
10:28
We looked through the video for other clues.
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Vi kiggede filmklippet igennem for andre ledetråde.
10:29
We saw the distinctive railings, which we could use.
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Vi så særpræget gelænder som vi kunne bruge.
10:32
We looked at the curbs. The curbs were throwing shadows south,
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Vi kiggede på kantstenen. Kantstenen kastede en skygge mod syd,
10:36
so we could tell the bridge was running east-west across the river.
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så vi kunne regne ud at broen havde en øst-vestlig retning hen over floden.
10:38
It had black-and-white curbs.
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Den havde sorte og hvide kantsten.
10:40
As we looked at the river itself, you could see there's
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I takt med at vi kiggede på selve foden, kunne man se at der
10:42
a concrete stone on the west side. There's a cloud of blood.
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var en betonklods på vestsiden. Der er en sky af blod.
10:45
That's blood in the river. So the river is flowing
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Der er blod i floden. Så floden flyder
10:47
south to north. That's what that tells me.
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fra syd til nord. Det er hvad det fortæller mig.
10:49
And also, as you look away from the bridge,
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Derudover, når man kigger væk fra broen,
10:51
there's a divot on the left-hand side of the bank,
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er der græstørv på den venstre side af flodbredden,
10:53
and the river narrows.
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og floden snævrer ind.
10:55
So onto Google Maps we go, and we start
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Så vi gik på Google Maps, og vi begyndte
10:58
looking through literally every single bridge.
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at gennemse bogstavelig talt hver eneste bro.
11:00
We go to the dam that we talked about, we start just
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Vi fandt dæmningen vi snakkede om, vi kiggede
11:03
literally going through every time that road crosses the river,
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bogstavelig talt på alle de gange vejen krydsede floden,
11:07
crossing off the bridges that don't match.
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og overstregede de broer der ikke matchede.
11:09
We're looking for one that crosses east-west.
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Vi ledte efter en der krydsede den øst-vestlig.
11:10
And we get to Hama. We get all the way from the dam
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Og vi kom til Hama. Vi kommer hele vejen fra dæmningen
11:12
to Hama and there's no bridge.
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til Hama og der er ikke nogen bro.
11:14
So we go a bit further. We switch to the satellite view,
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Så vi går lidt videre. Vi skifter til satellit billede,
11:17
and we find another bridge, and everything starts to line up.
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og vi finder endnu en bro, og det hele begynder at give mening.
11:20
The bridge looks like it's crossing the river east to west.
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Broen ser ud til at krydse floden i øst-vestlig retning.
11:23
So this could be our bridge. And we zoom right in.
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Så dette kunne være vores bro. Og vi zoomer ind.
11:26
We start to see that it's got a median, so it's a two-lane bridge.
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Vi begynder at se at den har en midterlinje, så det er en tosporet bro.
11:29
And it's got the black-and-white curbs that we saw in the video,
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Og den har de sorte og hvide kantsten som vi så i filmklippet,
11:32
and as we click through it, you can see someone's
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og i takt med at vi klikker igennem det, kan man se at nogen
11:35
uploaded photos to go with the map, which is very handy,
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har uploadet billeder der passer til kortet, hvilket er rigtig smart,
11:38
so we click into the photos. And the photos start showing us
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så vi kan klikke os ind på billederne. Og billederne begynder at vise os
11:40
more detail that we can cross-reference with the video.
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flere detaljer som vi kan krydshenvise med filmklippet.
11:43
The first thing that we see is we see black-and-white curbing,
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Den første ting vi ser er, at vi ser den sorte og hvide kantsten,
11:47
which is handy because we've seen that before.
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hvilket er smart, fordi den har vi set før.
11:49
We see the distinctive railing that we saw the guys
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Vi ser det særprægede gelænder som vi så fyrene
11:52
throwing the bodies over.
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kaste kroppene ud over.
11:55
And we keep going through it until we're certain that this is our bridge.
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Og vi gennemgår det til vi er sikre på at det er vores bro.
11:57
So what does that tell me? I've got to go back now
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Så hvad fortæller det mig? Jeg skal gå tilbage nu
11:59
to my three sources and look at what they told me:
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til mine tre kilder og se på hvad de fortalte mig:
12:01
the one who said the bridge didn't exist,
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den der sagde at broen ikke eksisterede,
12:03
the one who said the bridge wasn't in Hama,
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den der sagde at broen ikke var i Hama,
12:05
and the one guy who said, "Yes, the bridge does exist, but I'm not sure about the water levels."
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og den ene fyr der sagde, "Ja, broen eksisterer, men jeg er ikke sikker på vandniveauet."
12:09
Number three is looking like the most truthful all of a sudden,
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Nummer tre ser pludselig ud til at være den mest sandfærdige,
12:12
and we've been able to find that out using some free Internet tools
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og vi har været i stand til at finde ud af det ved at bruge nogle gratis internet værktøjer
12:15
sitting in a cubicle in an office in Dublin
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siddende i en bås på en kontor i Dublin
12:18
in the space of 20 minutes.
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i løbet af 20 minutter.
12:19
And that's part of the joy of this. Although the web
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Og det er den del ved dette jeg holder af. Selvom nettet
12:21
is running like a torrent, there's so much information there
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kører som en strøm, er der så meget information der
12:25
that it's incredibly hard to sift and getting harder every day,
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at det er utrolig stift at sortere og det bliver sværere hver dag,
12:28
if you use them intelligently, you can find out incredible information.
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hvis man bruger dem intelligent, man kan finde så meget utrolig information.
12:31
Given a couple of clues, I could probably find out
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Ved at få et par ledetråde, kunne jeg sikkert finde ud af
12:34
a lot of things about most of you in the audience that you might not like me finding out.
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en masse ting om de fleste af jer i publikummet som I måske ikke synes om at jeg fandt ud af.
12:37
But what it tells me is that, at a time when
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Men det det fortæller mig er, at i en tid hvor
12:40
there's more -- there's a greater abundance of information than there ever has been,
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der er mere -- der er en større mængde af information end der nogensinde har været før,
12:44
it's harder to filter, we have greater tools.
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er det sværere at sortere, vi har bedre værktøjer.
12:47
We have free Internet tools that allow us,
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Vi har gratis internet værktøjer der tillader os,
12:49
help us do this kind of investigation.
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hjælper os med at udføre denne slags efterforskning.
12:51
We have algorithms that are smarter than ever before,
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Vi har algoritmer der er smartere end nogensinde før,
12:53
and computers that are quicker than ever before.
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og computere der er hurtigere end nogensinde før.
12:55
But here's the thing. Algorithms are rules. They're binary.
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Men her er sagen. Algoritmer er regler. De er binære.
12:59
They're yes or no, they're black or white.
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De er ja eller nej, de er sorte eller hvide.
13:00
Truth is never binary. Truth is a value.
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Sandheden er aldrig binær. Sandheden er en værdi.
13:04
Truth is emotional, it's fluid, and above all, it's human.
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Sandheden er følelsesmæssig, den er flydende, og frem for alt er den menneskelig.
13:09
No matter how quick we get with computers, no matter
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Uanset hvor hurtige vi bliver med computere, uanset
13:11
how much information we have, you'll never be able
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hvor meget information vi har, vil man aldrig være i stand til
13:13
to remove the human from the truth-seeking exercise,
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at fjerne mennesket fra den sandhedssøgende øvelse,
13:16
because in the end, it is a uniquely human trait.
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fordi til slut, er det et enestående menneskeligt karaktertræk.
13:20
Thanks very much. (Applause)
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Mange tak. (Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markham Nolan - JournalistThe managing editor of Storyful.com, Markham Nolan has watched journalism evolve from the pursuit of finding facts to the act of verifying those floating in the ether.
Why you should listen
Markham calls himself a "literary mercenary." His main responsibility is to sift through news and information to see what's true and what's not. In the era of the ubiquitous and immediate cell phone photo, Twitter message and YouTube video, how do we verify and validate a piece of information arriving, say, from a region at war or one going through a natural disaster? As the managing editor of Storyful, that's a question he has to answer daily.
Markham Nolan | Speaker | TED.com