TEDGlobal 2013
Charmian Gooch: Meet global corruption's hidden players
Charmian Gooch: Mød den globale korruptions gemte spillere
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Når sønnen af en præsident fra et desperat fattigt land begynder at købe landsteder og sportsbiler med en officiel månedsløn på 7.000 $, som Charmain Gooch siger, så er korruption nok med i billedet. I en svidende og øjenåbnende tale ( og gennem flere konkrete eksempler), fortæller hun hvordan globale korruptionsbekæmpere følger pengene -- til nogen overraskende kende ansigter.
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activist
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When we talk about corruption,
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Når vi taler om korruption,
00:14
there are typical types of individuals that spring to mind.
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er der nogle typiske typer som falder os ind.
00:18
There's the former Soviet megalomaniacs.
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Der er megalomanerne fra
det tidligere Sovjetunionen
det tidligere Sovjetunionen
00:20
Saparmurat Niyazov, he was one of them.
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Saparmurat Niyazov, han var en af dem.
00:23
Until his death in 2006,
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Frem til hans død i 2006,
00:25
he was the all-powerful leader of Turkmenistan,
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var han enehersker af Turkmenistan,
00:29
a Central Asian country rich in natural gas.
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et centralasiatisk land rigt på naturgas.
00:32
Now, he really loved to issue presidential decrees.
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Ja, og han virkeligt elskede at udstede
præsidentielle dekreter.
præsidentielle dekreter.
00:36
And one renamed the months of the year
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Et var at omdøbe årets måneder
00:39
including after himself and his mother.
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blandt andet efter ham selv og hans mor.
00:42
He spent millions of dollars
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Han brugte millioner af dollars
00:44
creating a bizarre personality cult,
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til at lave en bizar personkult,
00:47
and his crowning glory was the building
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og kronen på det hele var bygningen
00:49
of a 40-foot-high gold-plated statue of himself
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af en 12 meter høj guldbelagt statue af ham selv,
00:53
which stood proudly in the capital's central square
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som stod prangende på
hovedstadens centrale plads
hovedstadens centrale plads
00:56
and rotated to follow the sun.
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og roterede rundt med solen.
00:59
He was a slightly unusual guy.
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Han var en smule usædvanlig type.
01:01
And then there's that cliché,
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Og så er der den kliche,
01:03
the African dictator or minister or official.
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den afrikanske diktator,
minister eller embedsmand.
minister eller embedsmand.
01:07
There's Teodorín Obiang.
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Der er Teodorin Obiang.
01:10
So his daddy is president for life of Equatorial Guinea,
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Han far er præsident for livstid i
Ækvatorial Guinea,
Ækvatorial Guinea,
01:14
a West African nation that has exported
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et vestafrikansk land som har eksporteret
01:17
billions of dollars of oil since the 1990s
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for milliarder af dollars af olie siden 1990'erne
01:21
and yet has a truly appalling human rights record.
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og har en virkelig forfærdende
status på menneskerettigheder.
status på menneskerettigheder.
01:25
The vast majority of its people
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Den store majoritet af befolkningen
01:27
are living in really miserable poverty
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lever i virkelig miserabel fattigdom
01:30
despite an income per capita that's on a par
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selvom deres gennemsnitlige
indkomst per borger
indkomst per borger
01:32
with that of Portugal.
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er på niveau med Portugal.
01:34
So Obiang junior, well, he buys himself
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Så Obang junior, han køber til ham selv
01:37
a $30 million mansion in Malibu, California.
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et 30 million dollar dyrt landsted
i Malibu, Californien.
i Malibu, Californien.
01:41
I've been up to its front gates.
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Jeg har været ved dens indgangsport.
01:42
I can tell you it's a magnificent spread.
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Jeg kan fortæller jer at han
forstår at sprede sig
forstår at sprede sig
01:45
He bought an €18 million art collection
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Han købte en € 18 million kostbar kunstsamling
01:49
that used to belong to fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent,
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som før tilhørte modedesigneren
Yves Saint Laurent,
Yves Saint Laurent,
01:53
a stack of fabulous sports cars,
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en samling fantastiske sportsbiler,
01:55
some costing a million dollars apiece --
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nogle kostede en million dollars stykket --
01:57
oh, and a Gulfstream jet, too.
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Ja, forresten også en Gulfstream jet.
02:00
Now get this:
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Nå hør her:
02:01
Until recently, he was earning an official monthly salary
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Indtil fornylig, havde han officielt en månedsløn
02:05
of less than 7,000 dollars.
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på mindre end 7.000 dollars.
02:09
And there's Dan Etete.
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Og her er Dan Etete.
02:11
Well, he was the former oil minister of Nigeria
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Han er den forrige olieminister i Nigeria
02:14
under President Abacha,
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under præsident Abacha,
02:16
and it just so happens he's a convicted money launderer too.
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og lige nu er han også dømt som pengevasker.
02:20
We've spent a great deal of time
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Vi har brugt en masse tid
02:22
investigating a $1 billion --
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på at undersøge en $1 milliard --
02:24
that's right, a $1 billion —
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det er rigtigt, en $ 1 milliard --
02:26
oil deal that he was involved with,
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oliehandel som han var involveret i,
02:29
and what we found was pretty shocking,
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og hvad vi fandt ud af var temmelig chokerende,
02:31
but more about that later.
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men mere om det senere.
02:33
So it's easy to think that corruption happens
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Det er så let at tænke at korruption foregår
02:37
somewhere over there,
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kun hos de andre,
02:39
carried out by a bunch of greedy despots
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udført af en bunke grådige despoter
02:41
and individuals up to no good in countries
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og dårlige individer i lande
02:43
that we, personally, may know very little about
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som vi, personligt, ved meget lidt om
02:46
and feel really unconnected to
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og ikke føler os forbundet til
02:48
and unaffected by what might be going on.
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og uberørte af hvad der egentligt foregår.
02:51
But does it just happen over there?
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Men foregår det kun de andre steder?
02:55
Well, at 22, I was very lucky.
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Well, som 22-årig, var jeg meget heldig.
02:58
My first job out of university
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Mit første job udenfor universitetet
03:01
was investigating the illegal trade in African ivory.
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var at undersøge den illegale
handel med afrikansk elfenben.
handel med afrikansk elfenben.
03:05
And that's how my relationship with corruption really began.
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Og det var der mit forhold til
korruption rigtigt begyndte.
korruption rigtigt begyndte.
03:09
In 1993, with two friends who were colleagues,
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I 1993 med to venner der også var kollegaer
03:12
Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley,
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Simon Taylor og Patrick Alley,
03:15
we set up an organization called Global Witness.
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startede vi en organisation kaldet
Global Witness [Globalt vidne]
Global Witness [Globalt vidne]
03:18
Our first campaign was investigating the role
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Vores første kampagne var at undersøge hvordan
03:21
of illegal logging in funding the war in Cambodia.
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illegal skovhugst finansierede krigen i Cambodia.
03:25
So a few years later, and it's now 1997,
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Så få år senere, det er nu 1997,
03:28
and I'm in Angola undercover investigating blood diamonds.
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er jeg i Angola og undersøger
bloddiamanter undercover.
bloddiamanter undercover.
03:33
Perhaps you saw the film,
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Måske så i filmen,
03:35
the Hollywood film "Blood Diamond,"
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Hollywoodfilmen "Blood Diamonds",
03:36
the one with Leonardo DiCaprio.
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den med Leonardo DiCaprio.
03:38
Well, some of that sprang from our work.
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Well, noget af handlingen
udspringer af vores arbejde.
udspringer af vores arbejde.
03:42
Luanda, it was full of land mine victims
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Luanda, som var fuld af landmineofre
03:44
who were struggling to survive on the streets
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som kæmpede for at overleve på gaderne
03:47
and war orphans living in sewers under the streets,
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and børn forældreløse fra krigen,
som lever i kloaker under gaderne,
som lever i kloaker under gaderne,
03:50
and a tiny, very wealthy elite
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og en lille velhavende elite
03:52
who gossiped about shopping trips to Brazil and Portugal.
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som sludrede om de seneste
shoppingture til Brasilien og Portugal.
shoppingture til Brasilien og Portugal.
03:55
And it was a slightly crazy place.
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Og det var lidt skørt sted.
03:58
So I'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy hotel room
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Så jeg sider i en varmt og tætpakket hotelværelse
04:01
feeling just totally overwhelmed.
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føler mig totalt overvældet.
04:04
But it wasn't about blood diamonds.
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Men det var ikke på grund af bloddiamanterne.
04:07
Because I'd been speaking to lots of people there
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men fordi jeg talte med en masse folk der
04:10
who, well, they talked about a different problem:
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som, well, talte om et andet problem:
04:12
that of a massive web of corruption on a global scale
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At det massive netværk af
korruption på global skala
korruption på global skala
04:15
and millions of oil dollars going missing.
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og millioner af dollars som mangler.
04:19
And for what was then a very small organization
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Og for det som dengang var
en meget lille organisation
en meget lille organisation
04:21
of just a few people,
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på bare nogle få folk,
04:23
trying to even begin to think how we might tackle that
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der prøver at begynde at tænke
på hvordan vi kan takle det
på hvordan vi kan takle det
04:26
was an enormous challenge.
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var en enorm udfordring.
04:29
And in the years that I've been,
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Og i alle de år jeg har været
04:30
and we've all been campaigning and investigating,
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og vi alle har været i gang med
at føre kampagne og undersøge,
at føre kampagne og undersøge,
04:33
I've repeatedly seen that what makes corruption
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har jeg gentagne gange set
hvad der gør korruption
hvad der gør korruption
04:35
on a global, massive scale possible,
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på en global, massiv skala muligt,
04:37
well it isn't just greed or the misuse of power
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det er ikke kun grådighed og magtmisbrug
04:40
or that nebulous phrase "weak governance."
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eller den tågede frase om
"svag regeringsførelse".
"svag regeringsførelse".
04:43
I mean, yes, it's all of those,
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Jeg mener, det er det også,
04:45
but corruption, it's made possible by the actions
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men korruptionen er lavet mulig af deltagelse
04:48
of global facilitators.
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globale facilitatorer.
04:51
So let's go back to some of those people I talked about earlier.
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Så lad os gå tilbage til nogle
af de folk jeg talte om før.
af de folk jeg talte om før.
04:55
Now, they're all people we've investigated,
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Nu er dette alle folk vi har efterforsket,
04:56
and they're all people who couldn't do what they do alone.
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og det er alle folk der ikke
har kunnet gøre det alene.
har kunnet gøre det alene.
04:59
Take Obiang junior. Well, he didn't end up
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Tag Obiang Junior. Han endte ikke med
05:01
with high-end art and luxury houses without help.
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super kunst og et luksushuse uden hjælp.
05:05
He did business with global banks.
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Han gjorde forretninger med globale banker.
05:07
A bank in Paris held accounts of companies controlled by him,
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En bank i Paris havde konti for
de firmaer han kontrollerede,
de firmaer han kontrollerede,
05:11
one of which was used to buy the art,
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hvoraf han brugte det ene til at købe kunst,
05:14
and American banks, well, they funneled
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og amerikanske banker, det formidlede
05:16
73 million dollars into the States,
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73 millioner ind i Staterne,
05:19
some of which was used to buy that California mansion.
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hvoraf nogle blev brugt til at købe
det kaliforniske landsted.
det kaliforniske landsted.
05:23
And he didn't do all of this in his own name either.
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Og han gjorde ikke alt dette i
sit eget navn heller.
sit eget navn heller.
05:26
He used shell companies.
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han brugte dækselskaber.
05:28
He used one to buy the property, and another,
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Han brugte et til at købe
ejendommen, og et andet,
ejendommen, og et andet,
05:30
which was in somebody else's name,
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som var i en andens navn,
05:32
to pay the huge bills it cost to run the place.
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til at betale de store regninger for have stedet.
05:36
And then there's Dan Etete.
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Og så er der Dan Etete.
05:39
Well, when he was oil minister,
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Well, mens han var olieminister,
05:41
he awarded an oil block now worth over a billion dollars
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Han overgav et olieområde til en
værdi over en milliard dollars
værdi over en milliard dollars
05:46
to a company that, guess what, yeah,
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til et selskab, gæt engang,
05:49
he was the hidden owner of.
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han var den skjulte ejer af.
05:51
Now, it was then much later traded on
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Nå, det var senere handlet videre
05:54
with the kind assistance of the Nigerian government --
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med venlig assistance fra
den nigerianske regering --
den nigerianske regering --
05:57
now I have to be careful what I say here —
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Nu skal jeg være omhyggelig
med hvad jeg siger her --
med hvad jeg siger her --
05:59
to subsidiaries of Shell and the Italian Eni,
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til underselskaber af Shell
og det italienske Eni,
og det italienske Eni,
06:03
two of the biggest oil companies around.
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To af de største olieselskaber i verden.
06:06
So the reality is, is that the engine of corruption,
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Så virkeligheden er,
at motoren i korruptionen,
at motoren i korruptionen,
06:08
well, it exists far beyond the shores of countries
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den findes langt væk fra kysterne af lande
06:11
like Equatorial Guinea or Nigeria or Turkmenistan.
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som Ækvatorial Guinea eller
Nigeria eller Turkmenistan.
Nigeria eller Turkmenistan.
06:14
This engine, well, it's driven
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Denne motor, den er drevet
06:16
by our international banking system,
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af vores internationale banksystem,
06:19
by the problem of anonymous shell companies,
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af anonyme dækselskaber,
06:21
and by the secrecy that we have afforded
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og det hemmelighedskræmmeri vi har tilladt
06:24
big oil, gas and mining operations,
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de store olie-, gas- og mineselskaber,
06:27
and, most of all, by the failure of our politicians
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og mest af alt, af forsømmelsen
fra vores politikere
fra vores politikere
06:30
to back up their rhetoric and do something
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til at følge op på deres retorik og gøre noget
06:32
really meaningful and systemic to tackle this stuff.
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rigtigt meningsfuldt og systematisk for at takle det.
06:37
Now let's take the banks first.
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Nå, lad mig tale om bankerne først.
06:39
Well, it's not going to come as any surprise
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Det kommer næppe som en overraskelse
06:42
for me to tell you that banks accept dirty money,
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når jeg fortæller jer at bankerne
modtager beskidte penge,
modtager beskidte penge,
06:46
but they prioritize their profits in other destructive ways too.
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men de prioriterer deres profit
også på andre destruktive måder.
også på andre destruktive måder.
06:51
For example, in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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For eksempel, i Sarawak, Malaysia.
06:54
Now this region, it has just five percent
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Denne region, den har bare fem procent
06:57
of its forests left intact. Five percent.
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af sin skov tilbage. Fem procent.
07:03
So how did that happen?
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Så hvad skete der?
07:04
Well, because an elite and its facilitators
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Fordi en elite og deres facilitatorer
07:07
have been making millions of dollars
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har lavet millioner af dollars
07:09
from supporting logging on an industrial scale
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med at støtte skovhugst på en industriel skala
07:13
for many years.
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gennem mange år.
07:15
So we sent an undercover investigator in
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Så vi sendte en undercover undersøger ind
07:18
to secretly film meetings with members of the ruling elite,
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for at hemmeligt at filme et møde
med medlemmer af den herskende elite,
med medlemmer af den herskende elite,
07:21
and the resulting footage, well, it made some people very angry,
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og de endelige optagelser,
de gjorde nogle folk meget ophidsede,
de gjorde nogle folk meget ophidsede,
07:24
and you can see that on YouTube,
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og I kan se det på Youtube,
07:27
but it proved what we had long suspected,
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og de bevidste hvad vi længe
havde mistanke om,
havde mistanke om,
07:28
because it showed how the state's chief minister,
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fordi det viste hvordan statens hovedminister,
07:32
despite his later denials,
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på trods af hans senere benægtelser
07:34
used his control over land and forest licenses
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brugt sin kontrol over land- og skovlicenser
07:38
to enrich himself and his family.
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til at berige sig selv og sin familie.
07:41
And HSBC, well, we know that HSBC bankrolled
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Og HSBC, vi ved at HSBC som var bank for
07:45
the region's largest logging companies
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regionen største skovfældningsselskaber
07:47
that were responsible for some of that destruction
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som var ansvarlige for noget af ødelæggelserne
07:49
in Sarawak and elsewhere.
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i Sarawak og andre steder.
07:52
The bank violated its own sustainability policies in the process,
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Banken overtrådte sin egen
bæredygtighedspolitik i den proces,
bæredygtighedspolitik i den proces,
07:56
but it earned around 130 million dollars.
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men de tjente 130 millioner dollars.
08:00
Now shortly after our exposé,
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Og kort tid efter vores afdækning,
08:02
very shortly after our exposé earlier this year,
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meget kort efter vores afdækning tidligere i år,
08:05
the bank announced a policy review on this.
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annoncerede banken en
gennemgang af deres politik.
gennemgang af deres politik.
08:08
And is this progress? Maybe,
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Og er det et fremskridt? Måske,
08:10
but we're going to be keeping a very close eye
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men vi er nødt til at holde meget tæt øje
08:13
on that case.
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med den sag.
08:15
And then there's the problem of anonymous shell companies.
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Og der er et problem med
de anonyme dækselskaber.
de anonyme dækselskaber.
08:18
Well, we've all heard about what they are, I think,
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Vi har alle hørt om hvad de er, tror jeg,
08:21
and we all know they're used quite a bit
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og alle ved at de bruges meget
08:24
by people and companies who are trying to avoid
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af folk og firmaer som prøver at undgå
08:26
paying their proper dues to society,
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at betale deres andel til samfundet
08:29
also known as taxes.
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også kendt som skat.
08:31
But what doesn't usually come to light
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Men hvad der sjældent kommer frem i lyset
08:34
is how shell companies are used to steal
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er hvordan dækselskaber er brugt til at stjæle
08:39
huge sums of money, transformational sums of money,
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kæmpe summer af penge,
betydende summer af penge,
betydende summer af penge,
08:42
from poor countries.
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fra fattige lande.
08:44
In virtually every case of corruption that we've investigated,
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I næsten alle de sager om korruption
vi har efterforsket,
vi har efterforsket,
08:48
shell companies have appeared,
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her dækselskaber optrådt,
08:50
and sometimes it's been impossible to find out
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og nogen gange har det været
umuligt at finde ud af
umuligt at finde ud af
08:52
who is really involved in the deal.
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hvem der i virkeligheden har
været deltagere i handlen.
været deltagere i handlen.
08:56
A recent study by the World Bank
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Et nyligt studie fra Verdensbanken
08:58
looked at 200 cases of corruption.
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kiggede på 200 sager om korruption.
09:01
It found that over 70 percent of those cases
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Og fandt i over 70% af sagerne
09:04
had used anonymous shell companies,
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var anonyme dækselskaber blevet brugt,
09:07
totaling almost 56 billion dollars.
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for omkring 56 milliarder dollars.
09:11
Now many of these companies were in America
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Mange af disse selskaber var i Amerika
09:13
or the United Kingdom,
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eller United Kingdom,
09:14
its overseas territories and Crown dependencies,
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det oversøiske territorier og
kongelige besiddelser
kongelige besiddelser
09:17
and so it's not just an offshore problem,
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og det er ikke kun et offshore problem
09:19
it's an on-shore one too.
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det er også et indlands.
09:21
You see, shell companies, they're central
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Som I ser, dækselskaber, de er centrale
09:23
to the secret deals which may benefit wealthy elites
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for hemmelige aftaler som
kommer rige eliter til gode
kommer rige eliter til gode
09:26
rather than ordinary citizens.
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snarer end de almindelige borgere.
09:29
One striking recent case that we've investigated
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En nylig iøjefaldende sag vi har efterforsket
09:33
is how the government in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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er hvordan den Demokratiske Republik Congo
09:36
sold off a series of valuable, state-owned mining assets
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frasolgte en serie af værdifulde, statsejede miner
09:40
to shell companies in the British Virgin Islands.
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til et dækselskab på de Britiske Jomfruøer .
09:43
So we spoke to sources in country,
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Så vi talte med kilder i landet,
09:46
trawled through company documents and other information
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gennemtrawlede forretningsdokumenter
og anden information
og anden information
09:49
trying to piece together a really true picture of the deal.
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og prøvede at stykke det sande
billede sammen af aftalen.
billede sammen af aftalen.
09:53
And we were alarmed to find that these shell companies
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Og vi var alarmerede over at
finde at disse dækselskaber
finde at disse dækselskaber
09:56
had quickly flipped many of the assets on
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havde hurtigt omsat mange af disse værdier
09:58
for huge profits to major international mining companies
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med store profitter for store
internationale mineselskaber
internationale mineselskaber
10:02
listed in London.
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med adresse i London.
10:05
Now, the Africa Progress Panel, led by Kofi Annan,
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Nu, det afrikanske fremskridtspanel,
ledet af Kofi Annan,
ledet af Kofi Annan,
10:08
they've calculated that Congo may have lost
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de har beregnet at Congo kan have tabt
10:11
more than 1.3 billion dollars from these deals.
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mere end 1,3 milliard dollars fra disse handler.
10:16
That's almost twice
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Det er næsten det dobbelte af
10:18
the country's annual health and education budget combined.
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landets samlede udgifter til sundhed og uddannelse.
10:24
And will the people of Congo, will they ever get their money back?
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Og vil folkene i Congo nogensinde
få deres penge tilbage?
få deres penge tilbage?
10:26
Well, the answer to that question,
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Svaret på det spørgsmål,
10:28
and who was really involved and what really happened,
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og hvem som i virkeligheden var
involveret og hvad der egentlig skete,
involveret og hvad der egentlig skete,
10:30
well that's going to probably remain locked away
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det svar vil forblive låst inde
10:33
in the secretive company registries of the British Virgin Islands
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hos hemmelige selskaber
registeret på de Britiske Jomfruøer
registeret på de Britiske Jomfruøer
10:36
and elsewhere unless we all do something about it.
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og andre steder medmindre
vi alle gør noget ved det.
vi alle gør noget ved det.
10:41
And how about the oil, gas and mining companies?
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Og hvad med olie-, gas- og mineselskaberne?
10:43
Okay, maybe it's a bit of a cliché to talk about them.
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Okay, det er lidt af en kliche at tale om dem.
10:46
Corruption in that sector, no surprise.
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Korruption i den sektor, ingen overraskelse.
10:48
There's corruption everywhere, so why focus on that sector?
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Der er korruption alle steder,
så hvorfor fokuserer på den sektor?
så hvorfor fokuserer på den sektor?
10:53
Well, because there's a lot at stake.
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Fordi der er meget på spil.
10:55
In 2011, natural resource exports
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I 2001, eksport af naturressourcer
10:59
outweighed aid flows by almost 19 to one
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oversteg ulandshjælp med omkring 19 til en
11:03
in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Nineteen to one.
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i Afrika, Asien og Latin Amerika. Nitten til en.
11:07
Now that's a hell of a lot of schools and universities
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Det er en helvedes mange skoler og universiteter
11:11
and hospitals and business startups,
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og hospitaler og iværksætterfirmaer,
11:13
many of which haven't materialized and never will
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mange som ikke har vist sig og aldrig vil
11:15
because some of that money has simply been stolen away.
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fordi mange af de penge
simpelthen er blevet stjålet.
simpelthen er blevet stjålet.
11:19
Now let's go back to the oil and mining companies,
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2404
Nå, lad os gå tilbage til olie- og mineselskaberne,
11:22
and let's go back to Dan Etete and that $1 billion deal.
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3017
og lad os gå tilbage til Dan Etete
og den 1 milliard dollar store aftale.
og den 1 milliard dollar store aftale.
11:25
And now forgive me, I'm going to read the next bit
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Og undskyld mig at jeg er nødt til
at læse det næste stykke op
at læse det næste stykke op
11:28
because it's a very live issue, and our lawyers
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fordi det er en åben sag og vores advokater
11:30
have been through this in some detail
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har været igennem nogle af detaljerne
11:32
and they want me to get it right.
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så jeg ønsker at de skal siges korrekt.
11:36
Now, on the surface, the deal appeared straightforward.
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NU, på overfladen, så handlen ud til
at være lige ud af landevejen.
at være lige ud af landevejen.
11:40
Subsidiaries of Shell and Eni
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2100
Underselskaber af Shell og Eni
11:42
paid the Nigerian government for the block.
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betalte den nigerianske regering
for rettighederne.
for rettighederne.
11:45
The Nigerian government transferred
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2163
Den nigerianske regering overførte
11:47
precisely the same amount, to the very dollar,
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2824
præcist det samme beløb,
ned til den enkelte dollar,
ned til den enkelte dollar,
11:50
to an account earmarked for a shell company
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4615
til en konto øremærket for et dækselskab
11:55
whose hidden owner was Etete.
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2126
hvis skjulte ejer var Etete.
11:57
Now, that's not bad going for a convicted money launderer.
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Nu, det er ikke dårligt for en dømt pengevasker.
12:00
And here's the thing.
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og her er pointen.
12:02
After many months of digging around
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1877
Efter mange måneders gravearbejde
12:03
and reading through hundreds of pages of court documents,
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og læsning gennem hundreder
sider af retsdokumenter,
sider af retsdokumenter,
12:07
we found evidence that, in fact,
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1955
har vi fundet bevis for, faktisk,
12:09
Shell and Eni had known that the funds
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at Shell og Eni vidste at disse beløb
12:12
would be transferred to that shell company,
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ville blive overført til dette dækselskab,
12:15
and frankly, it's hard to believe they didn't know
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3707
og ærligt, det er svært at tro at de ikke vidste
12:19
who they were really dealing with there.
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hvem de i virkeligheden handlede med.
12:22
Now, it just shouldn't take these sorts of efforts
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3088
Nu, det burde ikke kræve den slags anstrengelser
12:26
to find out where the money in deals like this went.
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for at finde ud af hvor penge i
handler som disse ender.
handler som disse ender.
12:28
I mean, these are state assets.
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1569
Jeg mener, det er statsejendom.
12:30
They're supposed to be used for the benefit
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1466
De brude blive brugt til fordel for
12:31
of the people in the country.
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folket i landet.
12:33
But in some countries, citizens and journalists
257
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Men i nogle lande, borgere og journalister
12:36
who are trying to expose stories like this
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1955
som prøver at frembringe historier som disse
12:38
have been harassed and arrested
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har blevet overfaldet og arresteret
12:40
and some have even risked their lives to do so.
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4539
og nogle har også risikeret deres liv,
for at gøre det.
for at gøre det.
12:44
And finally, well, there are those who believe
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Og til sidst, der er dem som tror
12:48
that corruption is unavoidable.
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at korruption er uundgåelig.
12:50
It's just how some business is done.
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2149
Det er bare sådan forretning gøres.
12:52
It's too complex and difficult to change.
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2565
Det er for svært og kompliceret at ændre.
12:55
So in effect, what? We just accept it.
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Så hvad der effekten,
Vi må bare accepterer det.
Vi må bare accepterer det.
12:58
But as a campaigner and investigator,
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Men som kampagnefører og efterforsker,
13:00
I have a different view,
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jeg har et andet synspunkt,
13:01
because I've seen what can happen
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fordi jeg har set hvad der kan ske
13:03
when an idea gains momentum.
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når en ide får momentum.
13:06
In the oil and mining sector, for example,
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2744
I olie- og minesektoren, for eksempel,
13:09
there is now the beginning
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er der nu en begyndelse
13:10
of a truly worldwide transparency standard
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på en ægte verdensomspændende
gennemsigtigheds-standard
gennemsigtigheds-standard
13:13
that could tackle some of these problems.
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som kan takle nogle af disse problemer.
13:16
In 1999, when Global Witness called
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i 1999, da Global Witness opfordrede
13:19
for oil companies to make payments on deals transparent,
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3339
olieselskaberne at gøre deres
betalinger for aftaler gennemsigtige,
betalinger for aftaler gennemsigtige,
13:22
well, some people laughed at the extreme naiveté
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3789
nogle folk grinte af den ekstreme naivitet
13:26
of that small idea.
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af den lille ide.
13:28
But literally hundreds of civil society groups
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3570
Men bogstaveligt hundrede
af civilsamfundsgrupper
af civilsamfundsgrupper
13:31
from around the world came together
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1878
fra hele verden fandt sammen
13:33
to fight for transparency,
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om at kæmpe for gennemsigtighed,
13:35
and now it's fast becoming the norm and the law.
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og nu er det hurtigt begyndt
at blive normen og loven.
at blive normen og loven.
13:39
Two thirds of the value
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807444
1972
To tredjedele af værdien
13:41
of the world's oil and mining companies
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2320
og jordens olie- og mineselskaber
13:43
are now covered by transparency laws. Two thirds.
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er nu omfattet af gennemsigtighedslove.
To tredjedele.
To tredjedele.
13:47
So this is change happening.
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Så ændringer sker.
13:48
This is progress.
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1890
Dette er fremskridt.
13:50
But we're not there yet, by far.
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3123
Men vi er der ikke endnu, langt fra.
13:53
Because it really isn't about corruption
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Fordi dette handler ikke kun om korruption
13:56
somewhere over there, is it?
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2115
ovre hos de andre, gør det?
13:58
In a globalized world, corruption
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I en globaliseret verden, korruption
14:00
is a truly globalized business,
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2263
er en rigtig globaliseret forretning,
14:02
and one that needs global solutions,
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2115
og den behøver globale løsninger,
14:04
supported and pushed by us all, as global citizens,
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støttet og presset på af os alle,
globale borgere,
globale borgere,
14:08
right here.
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lige her.
14:10
Thank you.
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1190
Mange tak.
14:11
(Applause)
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6816
(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activistCharmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources.
Why you should listen
Charmian Gooch co-founded the watchdog NGO Global Witness with colleagues Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley, in response to growing concerns over covert warfare funded by illicit trade in 1993. Since then, Global Witness has captured headlines for their exposé of "blood diamonds" in Uganda, of mineral exploitation in the Congo, of illegal timber trade between Cambodia and Thailand, and more. With unique expertise on the shadowy threads connecting corrupt businesses and governments, Global Witness continues its quest to uncover and root out the sources of exploitation.
In 2014, Gooch and Global Witness were awarded the $1 million TED Prize, along with the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, for their campaign to end anonymous companies. Gooch's TED Prize wish: for us to know who ultimately owns and controls companies and launch a new era of openness in business. Global Witness highlighted the importance of this issue in an investigation, aired on 60 Minutes, where they sent an undercover investigator into 13 New York law firms. The investigator posed as an adviser to a government minister in Africa and asked for thoughts on how to move money into the United States for a plane, a yacht and a brownstone. All but one firm offered advice.
The Panama Papers, released in April of 2016, further demonstrate the need for transparency. The papers paint a picture of how the rich and powerful around the world use offshore accounts and anonymous companies to move money. "This secretive world is being opened up to global public scrutiny," said Gooch, on the day the papers were released.
Charmian Gooch | Speaker | TED.com