TED2010
Denis Dutton: A Darwinian theory of beauty
Denis Dutton: darvinistlik teooria ilust
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Koostöös animatsioonikunstniku Andrew Parkiga illustreerib TED Denis Duttoni provokatiivse iluteooria, mis väidab, et kunst, muusika ja kõik teised kaunid asjad ei ole ainuüksi ilusad "vaataja silmades", vaid on sügavalt evolutsioonilise päritoluga inimloomuse põhiosa.
Denis Dutton - Philosopher
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Delighted to be here
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On suur rõõm olla siin
00:18
and to talk to you about a subject dear to my heart,
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ja rääkida asjast, mis on mulle südamelähedane.
00:20
which is beauty.
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See on ilu.
00:23
I do the philosophy of art, aesthetics,
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Kunstifilosoofia, esteetika
00:26
actually, for a living.
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on õigupoolest minu töö.
00:28
I try to figure out intellectually,
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Ma üritan saada aru,
00:30
philosophically, psychologically,
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mis on ilu elamus nii filosoofiliselt,
00:32
what the experience of beauty is,
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psühholoogiliselt kui intellektuaalselt
00:35
what sensibly can be said about it
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ning leida selles nii mõistuspärast
00:38
and how people go off the rails in trying to understand it.
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kui ka seda, mis inimesi ilu mõistmisel eksiteele viib.
00:41
Now this is an extremely complicated subject,
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See on äärmiselt keeruline teema.
00:44
in part because the things that we call beautiful
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Osaliselt sellepärast, et asjad, mida me peame ilusaks,
00:47
are so different.
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on väga erinevad.
00:49
I mean just think of the sheer variety --
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Pean siin silmas puhtalt ilu varieeruvust:
00:51
a baby's face,
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beebi nägu,
00:53
Berlioz's "Harold in Italy,"
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Berliozi "Harold Itaalias",
00:55
movies like "The Wizard of Oz"
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filmid nagu "Võlur Oz",
00:57
or the plays of Chekhov,
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Tšehhovi näidendid,
00:59
a central California landscape,
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Kesk-California maastikud,
01:01
a Hokusai view of Mt. Fuji,
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Hokusai vaade Fuji mäele,
01:04
"Der Rosenkavalier,"
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"Roosikavaler",
01:06
a stunning match-winning goal
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imeline võiduvärav
01:08
in a World Cup soccer match,
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Maailmakarika turniiril,
01:10
Van Gogh's "Starry Night,"
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Van Goghi "Tähine öö",
01:12
a Jane Austen novel,
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Jane Austeni romaan,
01:14
Fred Astaire dancing across the screen.
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Fred Astaire tantsimas ekraanil.
01:17
This brief list includes human beings,
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See lühike nimekiri sisaldab inimolendeid,
01:20
natural landforms,
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looduslikke pinnavorme,
01:22
works of art and skilled human actions.
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kunstiteoseid ning inimeste oskusi.
01:25
An account that explains the presence of beauty
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Kirjeldus, mis selgitab ilu olemasolu
01:28
in everything on this list
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kõiges nimekirja kuuluvas,
01:30
is not going to be easy.
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ei saa olema lihtne.
01:32
I can, however, give you at least a taste
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Siiski saan ma anda teile aimu sellest,
01:35
of what I regard
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mida ma pean
01:37
as the most powerful theory of beauty
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kõige olulisemaks teooriaks ilust,
01:39
we yet have.
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mis meil on.
01:41
And we get it not from a philosopher of art,
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See teooria ei tule kunstifilosoofilt,
01:43
not from a postmodern art theorist
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postmodernistlikult kunstiteoreetikult,
01:45
or a bigwig art critic.
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ega ennasttäis kunstikriitikult.
01:47
No, this theory
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Ei, see teooria
01:49
comes from an expert
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tuleb mehelt, kes on
01:51
on barnacles and worms and pigeon breeding,
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nuivähkide, ussikeste ja tuvide paljunemise ekspert.
01:57
and you know who I mean:
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Ja te teate, keda ma siin silmas pean -
02:00
Charles Darwin.
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Charles Darwinit.
02:02
Of course, a lot of people think they already know
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Loomulikult arvavad paljud inimesed, et nad teavad
02:05
the proper answer to the question,
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õiget vastust sellele küsimusele,
02:08
"What is beauty?"
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mis on ilu.
02:11
It's in the eye of the beholder.
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Ilu on vaataja silmades.
02:13
It's whatever moves you personally.
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Ilu on see, mis puudutab sind isiklikult.
02:15
Or, as some people,
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Mõned inimesed,
02:17
especially academics prefer,
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eriti akadeemikud, eelistavad öelda,
02:19
beauty is in the culturally conditioned
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et ilu on kultuuriliselt mõjutatud
02:22
eye of the beholder.
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vaataja silmades.
02:24
People agree that paintings or movies or music
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Inimesed on nõus, et maalid, filmid või muusika
02:27
are beautiful
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on ilusad,
02:29
because their cultures determine a uniformity of aesthetic taste.
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sest nende kultuuriline taust määrab esteetilise maitse ühtsuse.
02:33
Taste for both natural beauty and for the arts
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Eelistused nii loodusliku ilu kui ka kunsti osas
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travel across cultures
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on üpriski
02:38
with great ease.
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kultuuriülesed.
02:40
Beethoven is adored in Japan.
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Jaapanis armastatakse Beethovenit.
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Peruvians love Japanese woodblock prints.
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Peruulased armastavad jaapani graafikat.
02:45
Inca sculptures are regarded as treasures
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Inka skulptuure hinnatakse aareteks
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in British museums,
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Suurbritannia muuseumites,
02:49
while Shakespeare is translated
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samas kui Shakespeare'i tõlgitakse
02:51
into every major language of the Earth.
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peaaegu igasse maailma keelde.
02:54
Or just think about American jazz
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Või mõelge vaid Ameerika jazzist,
02:56
or American movies --
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Ameerika filmidest -
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they go everywhere.
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need jõuavad kõikjale.
03:00
There are many differences among the arts,
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Kunstis on väga palju erinevusi,
03:03
but there are also universal,
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kuid on ka palju universaalseid,
03:05
cross-cultural aesthetic pleasures
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kultuuriüleseid esteetilisi naudinguid
03:07
and values.
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ja väärtusi.
03:09
How can we explain
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Kuidas seda universaalsust
03:12
this universality?
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seletada?
03:15
The best answer lies in trying to reconstruct
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Parim vastus peitub katses rekonstrueerida
03:17
a Darwinian evolutionary history
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darvinistlik evolutsiooniteooria
03:20
of our artistic and aesthetic tastes.
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meie kunstilistest ja esteetilistest eelistustest.
03:23
We need to reverse-engineer
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Me peame uurima
03:25
our present artistic tastes and preferences
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oma praegust kunstilist maitset ja eelistusi
03:28
and explain how they came
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ning selgitama välja, kuidas need
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to be engraved in our minds
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meie teadvuses on kujunenud.
03:33
by the actions of both our prehistoric,
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Tegevustest, mis on pärit eelajaloolisest,
03:36
largely pleistocene environments,
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jääaegsest keskkonnast,
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where we became fully human,
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kus tegelikult inimesteks kujunesime,
03:40
but also by the social situations
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kuid ka sotsiaalsetest olukordadest,
03:42
in which we evolved.
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kus oleme välja arenenud.
03:44
This reverse engineering
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Taoline inimese lahtimonteerimine
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can also enlist help
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saab tuge
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from the human record
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eelajaloolistest
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preserved in prehistory.
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allikatest.
03:53
I mean fossils, cave paintings and so forth.
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Fossiilidest, koopamaalingutest ja muust sarnasest.
03:56
And it should take into account
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Tuleb võtta arvesse seda,
03:58
what we know of the aesthetic interests
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mida teame 19.-20. sajandini
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of isolated hunter-gatherer bands
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isoleerituna elanud kütt-korilaste
04:03
that survived into the 19th and the 20th centuries.
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esteetilistest eelistustest.
04:07
Now, I personally
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Nii, mul isiklikult
04:09
have no doubt whatsoever
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pole vähimatki kahtlust,
04:11
that the experience of beauty,
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et ilu kogemine,
04:13
with its emotional intensity and pleasure,
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kogu emotsionaalse intensiivsuse ja naudinguga,
04:16
belongs to our evolved human psychology.
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kuulub meie psühholoogia valdkonda.
04:20
The experience of beauty is one component
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Ilu kogemine on üks osa
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in a whole series of Darwinian adaptations.
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darvinistlike kohanemiste seerias.
04:27
Beauty is an adaptive effect,
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Ilu on kohanemisvõime,
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which we extend
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mida me laiendame
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and intensify
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ja võimendame
04:33
in the creation and enjoyment
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meelelahutuse ja kunstiteoste
04:35
of works of art and entertainment.
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loomiseks ja nautimiseks.
04:39
As many of you will know,
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Nagu mitmed teist teavad,
04:41
evolution operates by two main primary mechanisms.
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toimib evolutsioon kahel peamisel mehhanismil.
04:44
The first of these is natural selection --
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Esimene neist on looduslik valik
04:47
that's random mutation and selective retention --
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ehk juhuslikud hälbimised ja valikuline säilitamine
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along with our basic anatomy and physiology --
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ning meie anatoomia ja füsioloogia.
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the evolution of the pancreas or the eye or the fingernails.
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See on kõhunäärme, silma või sõrmeküünte areng.
04:56
Natural selection also explains
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Looduslik valik seletab ka
04:59
many basic revulsions,
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paljusid algelisi reaktsioone
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such as the horrid smell of rotting meat,
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nagu tülgastus mädaneva liha haisust
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or fears, such as the fear of snakes
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ning hirme nagu madude kartmine
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or standing close to the edge of a cliff.
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või hirm seista kaljuservale liiga lähedal.
05:09
Natural selection also explains pleasures --
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Looduslik valik selgitab ka
05:12
sexual pleasure,
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seksuaalset naudingut,
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our liking for sweet, fat and proteins,
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magusa, rasvase ja valgurikka eelistamist,
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which in turn explains a lot of popular foods,
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mis selgitab paljude toitude populaarsust
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from ripe fruits through chocolate malts
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ja seda puuviljadest ning šokolaadist
05:23
and barbecued ribs.
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kuni grillitud ribideni.
05:26
The other great principle of evolution
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Teine oluline evolutsiooni printsiip
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is sexual selection,
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on seksuaalne valik,
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and it operates very differently.
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mis toimib hoopis erinevalt.
05:32
The peacock's magnificent tail
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Paabulinnu uhke saba
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is the most famous example of this.
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on selle kõige kuulsam näide.
05:38
It did not evolve for natural survival.
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See ei arenenud välja ellujäämiseks.
05:41
In fact, it goes against natural survival.
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Pigem on see ellujäämise takistuseks.
05:44
No, the peacock's tail
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Paabulinnu saba põhjuseks
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results from the mating choices
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on paaritumisvalikud, mida teevad
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made by peahens.
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paabulinnu emalinnud.
05:50
It's quite a familiar story.
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See on üsna tuttav lugu.
05:52
It's women who actually push history forward.
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Naised on need, kes ajalugu kujundavad.
05:56
Darwin himself, by the way,
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Darwin ise arvas muuseas,
05:58
had no doubts that the peacock's tail
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et paabulinnu saba on
06:00
was beautiful in the eyes of the peahen.
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emalindude arvates ilus.
06:02
He actually used that word.
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Ta kasutaski seda sõna.
06:05
Now, keeping these ideas firmly in mind,
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Pidades need ideed hästi meeles,
06:08
we can say that the experience of beauty
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võime öelda, et ilu kogemus
06:11
is one of the ways that evolution has
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on üks viise, kuidas evolutsioon toimib
06:14
of arousing and sustaining
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ja erutust, huvi,
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interest or fascination,
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imetlust või isegi
06:18
even obsession,
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kinnismõtteid
06:20
in order to encourage us
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luues innustab meid
06:22
toward making the most adaptive decisions
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tegema ellujäämiseks ja elu jätkamiseks
06:25
for survival and reproduction.
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vajalikke otsuseid.
06:29
Beauty is nature's way
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Ilu on looduse viis
06:31
of acting at a distance,
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mõjutada meid
06:34
so to speak.
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distantsilt.
06:36
I mean, you can't expect to eat
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Kohanemiseks hea maastik
06:38
an adaptively beneficial landscape.
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otseselt toiduks ju ei kõlba.
06:40
It would hardly do to eat your baby
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See ei anna kasu lapsele
06:42
or your lover.
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ega kallimale.
06:44
So evolution's trick
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Evolutsiooni trikk
06:46
is to make them beautiful,
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on muuta need ilusaks,
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to have them exert a kind of magnetism
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et need oleksid ligitõmbavad
06:51
to give you the pleasure of simply looking at them.
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ja pakuksid naudingut vaid vaatamisest.
06:55
Consider briefly an important source of aesthetic pleasure,
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Mõelge korraks olulise esteetilise naudingu allikale -
06:58
the magnetic pull
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kaunite maastike
07:00
of beautiful landscapes.
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ligitõmbavusele.
07:02
People in very different cultures
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Inimesed väga erinevatest kultuuridest
07:04
all over the world
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üle maailma
07:06
tend to like a particular kind of landscape,
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kipuvad armastama maastikke,
07:09
a landscape that just happens to be similar
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mis juhtumisi on sarnased
07:12
to the pleistocene savannas where we evolved.
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pleistotseeni savannidele, kus inimesed arenesid.
07:15
This landscape shows up today
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Sama maastikku võib näha
07:17
on calendars, on postcards,
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kalendritel, postkaartidel,
07:20
in the design of golf courses and public parks
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golfiradade ning parkide kujunduses
07:23
and in gold-framed pictures
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ja kuldselt raamitud maalidel,
07:25
that hang in living rooms
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mis ripuvad elutubades
07:27
from New York to New Zealand.
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New Yorgist Uus-Meremaani.
07:30
It's a kind of Hudson River school landscape
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See on nagu Hudsoni jõe koolkonna maastik,
07:33
featuring open spaces
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millel on avarad
07:35
of low grasses
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rohumaad
07:37
interspersed with copses of trees.
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vaheldumisi puuderühmadega.
07:40
The trees, by the way, are often preferred
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Puud, muuseas, hargnevad eelistatult
07:42
if they fork near the ground,
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võimalikult maapinna lähedalt,
07:44
that is to say, if they're trees you could scramble up
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mis tähendab, et need on puud, mille otsa saaks
07:47
if you were in a tight fix.
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ohu korral ronida.
07:50
The landscape shows the presence
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Sellel maastikul on nähtav
07:52
of water directly in view,
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mõni veekogu
07:54
or evidence of water in a bluish distance,
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või märgid veest sinaval horisondil.
07:58
indications of animal or bird life
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Samuti on seal linnud-loomad
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as well as diverse greenery
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ning mitmekesine rohelus.
08:03
and finally -- get this --
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Ja lõpuks, pange tähele,
08:06
a path
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rada
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or a road,
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või tee
08:10
perhaps a riverbank or a shoreline,
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või hoopiski jõekallas või rannajoon,
08:13
that extends into the distance,
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mis kulgeb kaugusesse,
08:16
almost inviting you to follow it.
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kutsudes endale järgnema.
08:20
This landscape type is regarded as beautiful,
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Sellist maastikku peetakse ilusaks
08:23
even by people in countries
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isegi neis riikides,
08:25
that don't have it.
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kus seda ei esine.
08:27
The ideal savanna landscape
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Ideaalne savannimaastik
08:29
is one of the clearest examples
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on üks selgemaid näiteid,
08:31
where human beings everywhere
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kus inimesed kõikjal maailmas
08:33
find beauty
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leiavad ilu
08:35
in similar visual experience.
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sarnases visuaalses kogemuses.
08:37
But, someone might argue,
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Seejuures võib vaielda,
08:39
that's natural beauty.
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et see on ju looduslik ilu.
08:41
How about artistic beauty?
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Kuidas on lugu kunstiga?
08:44
Isn't that exhaustively cultural?
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Kas see ei sõltu täiesti kultuurist?
08:47
No, I don't think it is.
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Ei, ma ei arva nii.
08:49
And once again, I'd like to look back to prehistory
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Selle selgitamiseks vaataksin jällegi tagasi
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to say something about it.
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eelajaloolisesse aega.
08:54
It is widely assumed
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Varaseimateks
08:56
that the earliest human artworks
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inimese loodud kunstiteosteks
08:58
are the stupendously skillful cave paintings
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peetakse oskuslikke koopamaalinguid,
09:01
that we all know from Lascaux
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mida teame Lascaux'st
09:03
and Chauvet.
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ja Chauvet'st.
09:06
Chauvet caves
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Chauvet' koopad
09:08
are about 32,000 years old,
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on umbes 32 000 aastat vanad
09:10
along with a few small, realistic sculptures
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nagu ka mõned väikesed, realistlikud
09:13
of women and animals from the same period.
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naise ja loomade kujud samast perioodist.
09:20
But artistic and decorative skills
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Kuid kunstilised oskused
09:22
are actually much older than that.
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on tegelikult hoopis vanemad.
09:26
Beautiful shell necklaces
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Ilusaid merekarpidest keesid,
09:28
that look like something you'd see at an arts and crafts fair,
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mis näevad välja kui miski, mida võiks leida käsitöölaadalt,
09:31
as well as ochre body paint,
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ning ookrit kehamaalinguiks
09:33
have been found
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on leitud umbes
09:35
from around 100,000 years ago.
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100 000 aasta vanustena.
09:37
But the most intriguing prehistoric artifacts
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Kuid kõige intrigeerivamad leiud
09:40
are older even than this.
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on veelgi vanemad.
09:42
I have in mind
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Mõtlen siin
09:44
the so-called Acheulian hand axes.
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niinimetatud Acheuli käsikirveid.
09:48
The oldest stone tools are choppers
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Vanimad kivist tööriistad on kirved
09:51
from the Olduvai Gorge in East Africa.
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Olduvai kuristikust Ida-Aafrikas.
09:53
They go back about two-and-a-half-million years.
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Need on umbes kaks ja pool miljonit aasta vanad.
09:56
These crude tools
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Need rohmakad tööriistad
09:58
were around for thousands of centuries,
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olid olemas tuhandeid sajandeid
10:01
until around 1.4 million years ago
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kuni umbes 1,4 miljonit aastat tagasi
10:04
when Homo erectus
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hakkas Homo erectus
10:06
started shaping
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neid tahuma
10:08
single, thin stone blades,
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õhukesteks kiviplaatideks,
10:10
sometimes rounded ovals,
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mis vahel olid ovaalsed,
10:13
but often in what are to our eyes
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kuid enamasti meenutasid
10:15
an arresting, symmetrical pointed leaf
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sümmeetrilist teravatipulist lehte
10:18
or teardrop form.
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või pisarat.
10:20
These Acheulian hand axes --
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Need Acheuli käsikirved
10:22
they're named after St. Acheul in France,
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said oma nime St Acheuli järgi Prantsusmaal,
10:24
where finds were made in 19th century --
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kus esmaleiud 19. sajandil tegid alguse
10:27
have been unearthed in their thousands,
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nende leidmisele tuhandetes
10:30
scattered across Asia, Europe and Africa,
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paikades Aasias, Euroopas ja Aafrikas -
10:33
almost everywhere Homo erectus
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peaaegu kõikjal, kus Homo erectus
10:36
and Homo ergaster roamed.
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ja Homo ergaster elutsesid.
10:39
Now, the sheer numbers of these hand axes
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Selline kogus neid käsikirveid
10:42
shows that they can't have been made
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näitab, et neid ei tehtud
10:44
for butchering animals.
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loomade tapmiseks.
10:46
And the plot really thickens when you realize
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Sellele hüpoteesile annab tuge ka tõsiasi,
10:49
that, unlike other pleistocene tools,
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et erinevalt teistest tolle aja tööriistadest
10:52
the hand axes often exhibit
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ei näita käsikirved enamasti
10:54
no evidence of wear
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kulumise märki,
10:56
on their delicate blade edges.
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isegi mitte peentel servadel.
10:58
And some, in any event, are too big
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Mõned neist on igal juhul veristamiseks
11:00
to use for butchery.
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liiga suured
11:03
Their symmetry, their attractive materials
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Nende sümmeetria, atraktiivsed materjalid,
11:05
and, above all,
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ja ennekõike
11:07
their meticulous workmanship
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täpne meistritöö
11:09
are simply quite beautiful
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on lihtsalt ilusad
11:12
to our eyes, even today.
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ka tänapäeval.
11:15
So what were these ancient --
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Seega, mis olid need iidsed...
11:19
I mean, they're ancient, they're foreign,
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Need riistad on iidsed, nad on võõrad,
11:21
but they're at the same time
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kuid samal ajal ka
11:23
somehow familiar.
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kuidagi tuttavad.
11:25
What were these artifacts for?
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Milleks neid kasutati?
11:28
The best available answer
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Parim vastus sellele
11:30
is that they were literally
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on see, et need olidki
11:32
the earliest known works of art,
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varaseimad kunstiteosed,
11:34
practical tools transformed
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praktilised tööriistad, mis muudeti
11:36
into captivating aesthetic objects,
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haaravateks esteetilisteks objektideks,
11:39
contemplated both for their elegant shape
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millel on elegantne kuju
11:41
and their virtuoso craftsmanship.
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ja osav teostus.
11:45
Hand axes mark
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Käsikirved märgivad
11:47
an evolutionary advance in human history --
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inimajaloos evolutsioonilist edasiminekut.
11:49
tools fashioned to function
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Tööriistad hakkasid toimima
11:51
as what Darwinians call "fitness signals" --
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darvinistliku hea seisundi signaalina,
11:54
that is to say, displays
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mis täitsid
11:56
that are performances
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sama funktsiooni
11:58
like the peacock's tail,
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nagu paabulinnu saba,
12:00
except that, unlike hair and feathers,
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kuid erinevalt karvadest või sulgedest
12:03
the hand axes are consciously
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on käsikirved teadlikult
12:05
cleverly crafted.
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ja targalt meisterdatud.
12:07
Competently made hand axes
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Arukalt tehtud käsikirved
12:09
indicated desirable personal qualities --
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näitasid ihaldusväärseid isiksuseomadusi:
12:13
intelligence, fine motor control,
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intelligentsi, käelisi oskusi,
12:16
planning ability,
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planeerimisoskust,
12:18
conscientiousness
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kohusetundlikkust
12:20
and sometimes access to rare materials.
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ja vahel ka haruldaste materjalide omamist.
12:23
Over tens of thousands of generations,
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Üle kümnete tuhandete põlvkondade
12:26
such skills increased the status
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tõstsid need oskused staatust neil,
12:28
of those who displayed them
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kes neid väljendasid
12:30
and gained a reproductive advantage
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ja said soo jätkamisel eelise
12:32
over the less capable.
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vähem osavate ees.
12:34
You know, it's an old line,
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See on küll vana ütlus,
12:36
but it has been shown to work --
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aga tundub toimivat:
12:38
"Why don't you come up to my cave, so I can show you my hand axes?"
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"Äkki tuled mu koopasse ja ma näitan sulle oma käsikirveid?"
12:41
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
12:43
Except, of course, what's interesting about this
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Kuigi loomulikult on seejuures huvitav,
12:46
is that we can't be sure how that idea was conveyed,
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et me ei saa olla kindlad, kuidas see idee edastati,
12:49
because the Homo erectus
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sest Homo erectusel,
12:51
that made these objects
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kes need esemed tegi,
12:54
did not have language.
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ei olnud keelt.
12:56
It's hard to grasp,
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Seda on raske mõista,
12:58
but it's an incredible fact.
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aga see on hämmastav fakt.
13:01
This object was made
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Need esemed tegi
13:03
by a hominid ancestor,
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hominiidi eellane,
13:06
Homo erectus or Homo ergaster,
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Homo erectus või Homo ergaster,
13:10
between 50,000 and 100,000 years
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umbes 50-100 000 aastat
13:13
before language.
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enne keele teket.
13:16
Stretching over a million years,
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Ulatudes üle miljonite aastate,
13:18
the hand axe tradition
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on käsikirved
13:20
is the longest artistic tradition
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üks vanimaid kunstilisi traditsioone
13:23
in human and proto-human history.
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inimkonna ajaloos.
13:26
By the end of the hand axe epic, Homo sapiens --
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Käsikirve eepose lõpuks oli Homo sapiens,
13:29
as they were then called, finally --
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nagu neid siis kutsuti,
13:31
were doubtless finding new ways
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leidlik leidmaks uusi viise
13:33
to amuse and amaze each other
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lõbustamiseks ja vaimustamiseks.
13:36
by, who knows, telling jokes,
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Ehk kasutati naljade rääkimist,
13:38
storytelling, dancing, or hairstyling.
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jutuvestmist, tantsu või soenguid.
13:41
Yes, hairstyling -- I insist on that.
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Jah, soenguid, ma olen kindel.
13:44
For us moderns,
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Nüüdisajal
13:46
virtuoso technique
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ollakse oskuslikud
13:48
is used to create imaginary worlds
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kujuteldavate maailmade loomises
13:50
in fiction and in movies,
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kirjanduses ja filmides
13:52
to express intense emotions
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ning emotsioonide väljendamises
13:54
with music, painting and dance.
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muusika, maalimise ja tantsuga.
13:57
But still,
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Kuid siiski
13:59
one fundamental trait
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on fundamentaalne omadus,
14:01
of the ancestral personality persists
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mis on säilinud eelajaloolisest
14:03
in our aesthetic cravings:
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esteetilisest soovist:
14:06
the beauty we find
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me leiame ilu
14:08
in skilled performances.
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oskuslikes esitlustes.
14:10
From Lascaux to the Louvre
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Lascaux, Louvre
14:12
to Carnegie Hall,
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või Carnegie Hall -
14:14
human beings
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inimolenditel
14:16
have a permanent innate taste
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on püsiv sünnipärane tõmme
14:18
for virtuoso displays in the arts.
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oskusliku kunsti esituse poole.
14:22
We find beauty
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Me leiame ilu
14:24
in something done well.
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asjades, mis on hästi tehtud.
14:28
So the next time you pass a jewelry shop window
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Järgmine kord, kui möödute ehtepoe aknast
14:30
displaying a beautifully cut
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ja vaatate kaunilt lõigatud
14:32
teardrop-shaped stone,
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pisarakujulist vääriskivi,
14:34
don't be so sure
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ärge arvake,
14:36
it's just your culture telling you
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et vaid teie kultuur ütleb teile,
14:38
that that sparkling jewel is beautiful.
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et see sädelev juveel on ilus.
14:40
Your distant ancestors loved that shape
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Teie kauged eellased armastasid seda kuju
14:43
and found beauty in the skill needed to make it,
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ja pidasid selle tahumise oskust ilusaks
14:46
even before
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isegi enne,
14:48
they could put their love into words.
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kui suutsid seda sõnadesse panna.
14:50
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
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Kas ilu on tõesti vaataja silmades?
14:53
No, it's deep in our minds.
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Ei, see on sügaval me teadvuses.
14:56
It's a gift handed down from the intelligent skills
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See on kingitus, mis on pärandatud oskuste
14:59
and rich emotional lives
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ja rikaste emotsioonide kaudu
15:01
of our most ancient ancestors.
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meie kõige kaugematelt eellastelt.
15:04
Our powerful reaction to images,
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Meie tugevad reaktsioonid piltidele,
15:06
to the expression of emotion in art,
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kunstis väljendatud emotsioonidele,
15:09
to the beauty of music, to the night sky,
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muusika ilule ja öötaevale
15:12
will be with us and our descendants
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on meiega ja ka meie järglastega
15:15
for as long as the human race exists.
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sama kaua kuni inimrass eksisteerib.
15:18
Thank you.
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Aitäh.
15:20
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Denis Dutton - PhilosopherDenis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty.
Why you should listen
Why do humans take pleasure in making art? In his 2009 book The Art Instinct, philosopher Denis Dutton suggested that art is a need built into our systems, a complex and subtle evolutionary adaptation comparable to our facility for language. We humans evolved to love art because it helps us survive; for example, a well-expressed appreciation of art can -- even in modern times -- help us to find a mate. It’s a bold argument to make, bolstered by examples from the breadth of art history that Dutton kept at his fingertips.
Dutton taught philosophy at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, and was the editor of Arts & Letters Daily, a three-column compendium of culture news from all over the web. (His own homepage is another storehouse of tidbits from his wide-ranging explorations in philosophy and culture.) He was on the advisory board of Cybereditions, a publisher specializing in ebooks and print-on-demand editions of nonfiction works. And he was an editor of Climate Debate Daily, a lively blog that takes a skeptical view of some climate-change arguments.
Dutton died from cancer in December 2010.
Denis Dutton | Speaker | TED.com