TED2010
Denis Dutton: A Darwinian theory of beauty
Denis Daton: Darvinovska teorija lepote
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TED sarađuje sa animatorom Endruom Parkom, koji ilustruje provokativnu teoriju lepote Denisa Datona - teoriju koja pretpostavlja da likovne umetnosti, muzika i sve drugo što smatramo lepim, ni u kom slučaju nisu samo "u oku posmatrača", već da su centralni deo ljudske prirode duboko ukorenjeni u procesu evolucije.
Denis Dutton - Philosopher
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Denis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Delighted to be here
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Drago mi je što sam ovde
00:18
and to talk to you about a subject dear to my heart,
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i što ću vam govoriti o onome što mi je srcu blisko,
00:20
which is beauty.
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o lepoti.
00:23
I do the philosophy of art, aesthetics,
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Bavim se filozofijom umetnosti, estetikom,
00:26
actually, for a living.
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zapravo, kao profesijom.
00:28
I try to figure out intellectually,
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Pokušavam da ustanovim na intelektualnom planu,
00:30
philosophically, psychologically,
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filozofski, psihološki,
00:32
what the experience of beauty is,
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kakvo je naše iskustvo lepote,
00:35
what sensibly can be said about it
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šta se racionalno o tome može reći
00:38
and how people go off the rails in trying to understand it.
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i kako ljudi zastrane u pokušajima da ga razumeju.
00:41
Now this is an extremely complicated subject,
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To je krajnje složena tema,
00:44
in part because the things that we call beautiful
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delimično stoga što lepim smatramo
00:47
are so different.
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toliko mnogo različitih pojmova.
00:49
I mean just think of the sheer variety --
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Recimo, pogledajte samo raznorodnost -
00:51
a baby's face,
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dečije lice,
00:53
Berlioz's "Harold in Italy,"
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Berliozov "Harold u Italiji",
00:55
movies like "The Wizard of Oz"
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filmovi poput "Čarobnjaka iz Oza",
00:57
or the plays of Chekhov,
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ili Čehovljeve drame,
00:59
a central California landscape,
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pejzaži centralne Kalifornije
01:01
a Hokusai view of Mt. Fuji,
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Hokusaijevi prikazi planine Fudži,
01:04
"Der Rosenkavalier,"
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Rozenkavalir,
01:06
a stunning match-winning goal
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fantastični pobednički gol,
01:08
in a World Cup soccer match,
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na utakmici svetskog prvenstva,
01:10
Van Gogh's "Starry Night,"
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Van Gogova "Zvezdana noć",
01:12
a Jane Austen novel,
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roman Džejn Ostin,
01:14
Fred Astaire dancing across the screen.
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Fred Aster dok pleše preko ekrana.
01:17
This brief list includes human beings,
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Na ovaj ne tako dug spisak dospela su ljudska bića,
01:20
natural landforms,
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prirodni oblici reljefa,
01:22
works of art and skilled human actions.
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umetnička dela i ljudsko umeće.
01:25
An account that explains the presence of beauty
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Gledište koje objašnjava prisustvo lepote
01:28
in everything on this list
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u svemu na ovom spisku
01:30
is not going to be easy.
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neće biti lako pronaći.
01:32
I can, however, give you at least a taste
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Mogu vam, zauzvrat, ponuditi uvid u
01:35
of what I regard
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ono što sam smatram
01:37
as the most powerful theory of beauty
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najuticajnijom teorijom lepote
01:39
we yet have.
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kojom raspolažemo.
01:41
And we get it not from a philosopher of art,
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A ona se ne temelji na filozofiji umetnosti,
01:43
not from a postmodern art theorist
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niti na radovima teoretičara postmoderne umetnosti
01:45
or a bigwig art critic.
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niti na visokoparnim zaključcima likovnih kritičara.
01:47
No, this theory
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Ne, ova je teorija
01:49
comes from an expert
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zasnovana na delu stručnjaka za
01:51
on barnacles and worms and pigeon breeding,
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školjke i crve i uzgajanje golubova.
01:57
and you know who I mean:
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Znate li na koga mislim -
02:00
Charles Darwin.
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na Čalsa Darvina.
02:02
Of course, a lot of people think they already know
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Naravno, mnogi misle da već znaju
02:05
the proper answer to the question,
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pravi odgovor na pitanje
02:08
"What is beauty?"
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šta je to lepota?
02:11
It's in the eye of the beholder.
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Ona je u oku posmatrača.
02:13
It's whatever moves you personally.
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Ona je ono što vas se lično dotiče.
02:15
Or, as some people,
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Ili, kako bi rekli neki ljudi -
02:17
especially academics prefer,
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naročito u akademskim krugovima -
02:19
beauty is in the culturally conditioned
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lepota je u kulturološki uslovljenom
02:22
eye of the beholder.
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oku posmatrača.
02:24
People agree that paintings or movies or music
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Ljudi će se složiti da su slikarstvo, ili film, ili muzika
02:27
are beautiful
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ono što jeste lepo
02:29
because their cultures determine a uniformity of aesthetic taste.
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jer kulture iz kojih ta dela dolaze određuju ujednačenost estetskog ukusa.
02:33
Taste for both natural beauty and for the arts
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Ukus koji preovlađuje kada govorimo o prirodnim lepotama ili o umetnosti
02:36
travel across cultures
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prevazilazi kulturne okvire
02:38
with great ease.
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sasvim lako.
02:40
Beethoven is adored in Japan.
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Betovenu se dive u Japanu.
02:42
Peruvians love Japanese woodblock prints.
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Peruanci obožavaju japansku štampu na drvetu.
02:45
Inca sculptures are regarded as treasures
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Skulpture Inka smatraju se blagom
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in British museums,
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u britanskim muzejima
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while Shakespeare is translated
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a Šekspir je preveden
02:51
into every major language of the Earth.
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na sve važnije jezike sveta.
02:54
Or just think about American jazz
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Ili samo se setite američkog džeza
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or American movies --
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ili američkih filmova -
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they go everywhere.
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oni su sveprisutni.
03:00
There are many differences among the arts,
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Među umetnostima ima mnogo razlika,
03:03
but there are also universal,
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ali takođe postoje univerzalne,
03:05
cross-cultural aesthetic pleasures
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trans-kulturne estetske norme
03:07
and values.
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i vrednosti.
03:09
How can we explain
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Kako možemo da objasnimo
03:12
this universality?
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prisustvo ovih univerzalija?
03:15
The best answer lies in trying to reconstruct
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Najbolji odgovor leži u pokušaju da se rekonstruiše
03:17
a Darwinian evolutionary history
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darvinovska istorija evolucije
03:20
of our artistic and aesthetic tastes.
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naših umetničkih i estetskih ukusa.
03:23
We need to reverse-engineer
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Treba da istražimo poreklo i nastanak
03:25
our present artistic tastes and preferences
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savremenih umetničkih sklonosti i ukusa
03:28
and explain how they came
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i da objasnimo kako se desilo
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to be engraved in our minds
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da budu urezani u ljudski um.
03:33
by the actions of both our prehistoric,
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Pod uticajem preistorijske
03:36
largely pleistocene environments,
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u najvećoj meri pleistocenske sredine,
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where we became fully human,
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u kojoj smo postali ljudima,
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but also by the social situations
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ali u istoj meri i pod uticajem društvenih prilika
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in which we evolved.
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u kojima smo se razvijali.
03:44
This reverse engineering
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Za praćenje tragova u prošlost
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can also enlist help
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mogu poslužiti
03:49
from the human record
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svedočanstva o ljudskom rodu
03:51
preserved in prehistory.
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sačuvana od praistorije.
03:53
I mean fossils, cave paintings and so forth.
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Mislim na fosile i slike u pećinama i slično.
03:56
And it should take into account
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Isto tako moramo uzeti u obzir
03:58
what we know of the aesthetic interests
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sve ono što znamo o estetici i ukusima
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of isolated hunter-gatherer bands
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izolovanih grupa lovaca-skupljača
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that survived into the 19th and the 20th centuries.
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koje su opstale sve do 19. i 20. veka.
04:07
Now, I personally
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Lično
04:09
have no doubt whatsoever
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ni malo ne sumnjam
04:11
that the experience of beauty,
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da je doživljaj lepote
04:13
with its emotional intensity and pleasure,
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njegovo delovanje na čula i užitak koji pruže
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belongs to our evolved human psychology.
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ukorenjen u psihologiji ljudskog roda kroz evoluciju.
04:20
The experience of beauty is one component
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Doživljaj lepote čini jednu od komponenata u
04:23
in a whole series of Darwinian adaptations.
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čitavom nizu darvinovskh adaptacija.
04:27
Beauty is an adaptive effect,
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Lepota je prilagodljiv efekat
04:29
which we extend
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koji nastupa
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and intensify
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i pojačava se
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in the creation and enjoyment
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prilikom stvaranja umetničkih dela
04:35
of works of art and entertainment.
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ili zabavnog sadržaja i prilikom uživanja u njima.
04:39
As many of you will know,
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Kao što mnogi od vas znaju,
04:41
evolution operates by two main primary mechanisms.
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evolucija se odvija primenom dva osnovna mehanizma.
04:44
The first of these is natural selection --
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Prvi jeste prirodni odabir -
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that's random mutation and selective retention --
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nasumična mutacija i selektivno zadržavanje -
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along with our basic anatomy and physiology --
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uz osnovnu anatomiju i fiziologiju -
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the evolution of the pancreas or the eye or the fingernails.
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kao što je razvoj pankreasa ili očiju i noktiju.
04:56
Natural selection also explains
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Prirodni odabir takođe objašnjava
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many basic revulsions,
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mnoge reflekse gađenja,
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such as the horrid smell of rotting meat,
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kao prema odvratnom mirisu trulog mesa,
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or fears, such as the fear of snakes
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ili strahove, kao što je strah od zmija
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or standing close to the edge of a cliff.
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ili strah od stajanja na ivici litice.
05:09
Natural selection also explains pleasures --
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Prirodni odabir tako objašnjava i užitke -
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sexual pleasure,
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užitak u seksu,
05:14
our liking for sweet, fat and proteins,
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sklonost ka slatkišima, mastima i proteinima,
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which in turn explains a lot of popular foods,
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čime se objašnjava popularnost mnogih vrsta hrane,
05:20
from ripe fruits through chocolate malts
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od zrelog voća preko čokolade do
05:23
and barbecued ribs.
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rebaraca sa roštilja.
05:26
The other great principle of evolution
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Drugi značajni princip evolucije
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is sexual selection,
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jeste odabir seksualnog partnera,
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and it operates very differently.
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i princip tog odabira je veoma različit.
05:32
The peacock's magnificent tail
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Paunov veličanstveni rep
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is the most famous example of this.
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predstavlja najbolji primer.
05:38
It did not evolve for natural survival.
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Nije se razvio iz potrebe za opstankom.
05:41
In fact, it goes against natural survival.
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Zapravo, on sasvim suprotno šteti prirodnom opstanku.
05:44
No, the peacock's tail
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Ne, paunov rep
05:46
results from the mating choices
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je proizvod izbora partnera za parenje
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made by peahens.
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koje biraju ženke.
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It's quite a familiar story.
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Priča je dobro poznata.
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It's women who actually push history forward.
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Žene zapravo pogone istoriju.
05:56
Darwin himself, by the way,
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I sam Darvin, uzgred budi rečeno,
05:58
had no doubts that the peacock's tail
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nimalo nije sumnjao da je paunov rep
06:00
was beautiful in the eyes of the peahen.
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bio lep u očima njegovih ženki.
06:02
He actually used that word.
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On je i upotrebio baš tu reč.
06:05
Now, keeping these ideas firmly in mind,
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Imajući u vidu sve to,
06:08
we can say that the experience of beauty
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možemo reći da je iskustvo lepote
06:11
is one of the ways that evolution has
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jedan od načina da evolucija
06:14
of arousing and sustaining
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pobudi naše interesovanje
06:16
interest or fascination,
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i da ga zadrži i pretvori u fascinaciju
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even obsession,
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ili čak opsesiju,
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in order to encourage us
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da bi nas ohrabrila da donesemo
06:22
toward making the most adaptive decisions
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odluke koje će najviše doprineti prilagođavanju
06:25
for survival and reproduction.
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radi opstanka i razmnožavanja.
06:29
Beauty is nature's way
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Lepota je način na koji priroda
06:31
of acting at a distance,
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deluje na nas iz daljine,
06:34
so to speak.
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da tako kažemo.
06:36
I mean, you can't expect to eat
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Znate, nećete doći u situaciju da pojedete
06:38
an adaptively beneficial landscape.
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okruženje koje je povoljno i prilagodljivo.
06:40
It would hardly do to eat your baby
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Svakako će vam biti na štetu da pojedete sopstveno dete
06:42
or your lover.
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ili partnera.
06:44
So evolution's trick
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Evolucija primenjuje trik
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is to make them beautiful,
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i čini ih lepima,
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to have them exert a kind of magnetism
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da bi zračili određenom vrstom privlačnosti
06:51
to give you the pleasure of simply looking at them.
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da vam pruže užitak i dok ih samo posmatrate.
06:55
Consider briefly an important source of aesthetic pleasure,
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Razmotrimo ukratko važan izvor estetskog užitka,
06:58
the magnetic pull
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privlačnost
07:00
of beautiful landscapes.
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prelepih pejzaža.
07:02
People in very different cultures
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U različitim kulturama ljudima
07:04
all over the world
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svuda po svetu
07:06
tend to like a particular kind of landscape,
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često se dopada naročita vrsta pejzaža,
07:09
a landscape that just happens to be similar
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i to su sasvim slučajno pejzaži nalik
07:12
to the pleistocene savannas where we evolved.
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na savane pleistocena u kojima smo se razvili.
07:15
This landscape shows up today
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Taj je pejzaž danas prisutan na
07:17
on calendars, on postcards,
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kalendarima, razglednicama,
07:20
in the design of golf courses and public parks
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i projektima terena za golf i za javne parkove
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and in gold-framed pictures
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i u pozlatom uokvirenim slikama
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that hang in living rooms
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koje nalazimo u dnevnim sobama
07:27
from New York to New Zealand.
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od Njujorka do Novog Zelanda.
07:30
It's a kind of Hudson River school landscape
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Radi se o školi pejzaža sa reke Hadson
07:33
featuring open spaces
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gde je u prvom planu prostranstvo
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of low grasses
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livada
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interspersed with copses of trees.
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u kojima tu i tamo leže oborena stabla.
07:40
The trees, by the way, are often preferred
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Drveće nam se više dopada ako
07:42
if they fork near the ground,
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se račva blizu tla
07:44
that is to say, if they're trees you could scramble up
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odnosno, ako je takvo da biste se hitro mogli popeti na drvo
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if you were in a tight fix.
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ako se nađete u stisci.
07:50
The landscape shows the presence
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Pejzaž ističe prisustvo
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of water directly in view,
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vode neposredno u prvom planu,
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or evidence of water in a bluish distance,
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ili nagoveštaj prisustva vode u plavičastoj izmaglici u daljini,
07:58
indications of animal or bird life
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naslućivanje prisustva ptica i životinja
08:01
as well as diverse greenery
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kao i raznovrsno rastinje
08:03
and finally -- get this --
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i konačno - pazite ovo -
08:06
a path
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staza
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or a road,
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ili put,
08:10
perhaps a riverbank or a shoreline,
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možda obala reke ili mora
08:13
that extends into the distance,
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koja se pruža u daljinu
08:16
almost inviting you to follow it.
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i skoro da vas staza poziva da je sledite.
08:20
This landscape type is regarded as beautiful,
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takav se pejzaž smatra lepim,
08:23
even by people in countries
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čak i u zemljama
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that don't have it.
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u kojima ne postoji.
08:27
The ideal savanna landscape
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Idealni pejzaž savane
08:29
is one of the clearest examples
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jedan je od najjasnijih primera
08:31
where human beings everywhere
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da ljudska bića
08:33
find beauty
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nalaze lepotu
08:35
in similar visual experience.
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u sličnim vizuelnim iskustvima.
08:37
But, someone might argue,
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Ali, neko bi mogao reči
08:39
that's natural beauty.
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da je to prirodna lepota.
08:41
How about artistic beauty?
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šta je sa lepotom umetnosti?
08:44
Isn't that exhaustively cultural?
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Nije li ona u najvećoj meri uslovljena kulturom?
08:47
No, I don't think it is.
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Ne, ja mislim da nije.
08:49
And once again, I'd like to look back to prehistory
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I još jednom, vratimo se u preistoriju
08:52
to say something about it.
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i recimo nešto o tome.
08:54
It is widely assumed
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Opšteprihvaćeno je mišljenje
08:56
that the earliest human artworks
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da su najranija umetnička dela
08:58
are the stupendously skillful cave paintings
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izvanredno vešto izvedene slikarije u pećinama
09:01
that we all know from Lascaux
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takve kao one iz pećine Lasko
09:03
and Chauvet.
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i Šove.
09:06
Chauvet caves
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U pećinama Šove
09:08
are about 32,000 years old,
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koje su stare oko 32000 godina
09:10
along with a few small, realistic sculptures
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nalazimo i male realistične skulpture
09:13
of women and animals from the same period.
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žena i životinja iz istog perioda.
09:20
But artistic and decorative skills
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Ali veština ukrašavanja i slikanja
09:22
are actually much older than that.
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mnogo je starijeg datuma.
09:26
Beautiful shell necklaces
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Izvanredne ogrlice od školjaka
09:28
that look like something you'd see at an arts and crafts fair,
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koji izgledaju kao komadi koje danas možete nači na sajmovima rukotvorina,
09:31
as well as ochre body paint,
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i bojenje tela okrom
09:33
have been found
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potiču
09:35
from around 100,000 years ago.
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još od pre 100000 godina.
09:37
But the most intriguing prehistoric artifacts
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No, najzanimljiviji preistorijski nalazi
09:40
are older even than this.
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stariji su čak i od toga.
09:42
I have in mind
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Mislim na
09:44
the so-called Acheulian hand axes.
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takozvane akulejske sekirice
09:48
The oldest stone tools are choppers
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Najstariji kameni alati su sekire
09:51
from the Olduvai Gorge in East Africa.
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iz procepa Olduvaj u Istočnoj Africi.
09:53
They go back about two-and-a-half-million years.
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One su stare više od dva i po miliona godina.
09:56
These crude tools
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Ovi grubi alati
09:58
were around for thousands of centuries,
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služili su hiljadama stoleća
10:01
until around 1.4 million years ago
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sve dok pre milion i četiristo hiljada godina
10:04
when Homo erectus
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homo erektus
10:06
started shaping
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nije počeo da oblikuje
10:08
single, thin stone blades,
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jednostruka sečiva od tankog kamena,
10:10
sometimes rounded ovals,
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ponekad zaobljene ovale,
10:13
but often in what are to our eyes
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ali najčešće takvog oblika koji na s podseća
10:15
an arresting, symmetrical pointed leaf
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na upečatljiv oblik simetričnog šiljatog lista
10:18
or teardrop form.
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ili na oblik suze.
10:20
These Acheulian hand axes --
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Ove akulejske sekirice -
10:22
they're named after St. Acheul in France,
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nazvane su po svetom Akuleju iz Francuske,
10:24
where finds were made in 19th century --
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pronađene su u 19. veku -
10:27
have been unearthed in their thousands,
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iskopano ih je na hiljade
10:30
scattered across Asia, Europe and Africa,
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svuda po Aziji, Evropi i Africi,
10:33
almost everywhere Homo erectus
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gotovo svuda gde su lutali homo erektus
10:36
and Homo ergaster roamed.
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i homo ergaster
10:39
Now, the sheer numbers of these hand axes
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I sam broj pronađenih sekirica
10:42
shows that they can't have been made
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svedoči o tome da nisu mogle služiti za
10:44
for butchering animals.
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ubijanje životinja.
10:46
And the plot really thickens when you realize
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I stvar postaje sasvim zamršena kad shvatite
10:49
that, unlike other pleistocene tools,
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da, za razliku od drugih alata iz pleistocena,
10:52
the hand axes often exhibit
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na sekiricama najčešće nema oštećenja
10:54
no evidence of wear
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niti istrošenosti
10:56
on their delicate blade edges.
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delikatnih ivica oštrice.
10:58
And some, in any event, are too big
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neke od njih su u svakom slučaju prevelike
11:00
to use for butchery.
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da bi se koristile za obradu mesa.
11:03
Their symmetry, their attractive materials
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Njihova simetrija, plemeniti materijali
11:05
and, above all,
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i iznad svega,
11:07
their meticulous workmanship
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neprikosnovena vrhunska izrada
11:09
are simply quite beautiful
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jednostavno svojom lepotom
11:12
to our eyes, even today.
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gode našem oku, čak i danas.
11:15
So what were these ancient --
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Pa čemu su onda služili ovi prastari -
11:19
I mean, they're ancient, they're foreign,
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mislim, prastare su, strane su,
11:21
but they're at the same time
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ali su nam u isto vreme
11:23
somehow familiar.
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na neki način poznate.
11:25
What were these artifacts for?
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Čemu su služili ovi predmeti?
11:28
The best available answer
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Najbolji odgovor koji imamo
11:30
is that they were literally
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jeste da su to bukvalno
11:32
the earliest known works of art,
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najstarija poznata umetnička dela
11:34
practical tools transformed
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praktični predmet, alat, pretvoren je
11:36
into captivating aesthetic objects,
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u upečatljiv umetnički predmet,
11:39
contemplated both for their elegant shape
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privlačan kako zbog elegantnog oblika
11:41
and their virtuoso craftsmanship.
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tako i zbog vrhunske izrade.
11:45
Hand axes mark
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Sekirice obeležavaju
11:47
an evolutionary advance in human history --
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evolucioni pomak u ljudskoj istoriji -
11:49
tools fashioned to function
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alatke oblikovane da predstavljaju
11:51
as what Darwinians call "fitness signals" --
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ono što Darvinisti nazivaju obeležjima snage -
11:54
that is to say, displays
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odnosno, one su eksponati
11:56
that are performances
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koji su zapravo predstave
11:58
like the peacock's tail,
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kao paunov rep
12:00
except that, unlike hair and feathers,
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osim što umesto vlasi i perja,
12:03
the hand axes are consciously
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sekirice su smišljeno
12:05
cleverly crafted.
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vešto obrađene.
12:07
Competently made hand axes
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Vrhunski izvedene sekirice
12:09
indicated desirable personal qualities --
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ukazivale su na poželjne kvalitete ličnosti -
12:13
intelligence, fine motor control,
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inteligenciju, spretnost,
12:16
planning ability,
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sposobnost planiranja,
12:18
conscientiousness
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savesnost
12:20
and sometimes access to rare materials.
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i ponekad pristup dragocenim materijalima.
12:23
Over tens of thousands of generations,
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Desetinama hiljada generacija,
12:26
such skills increased the status
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te su osobine uticale na uspon na društvenoj lestvici
12:28
of those who displayed them
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onih koji su ih posedovali
12:30
and gained a reproductive advantage
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pa su tako sticali prednost i u reproduktivnom pogledu
12:32
over the less capable.
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nad manje sposobnima.
12:34
You know, it's an old line,
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Znate, prilično je stara fora,
12:36
but it has been shown to work --
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ali se pokazala veoma efikasnom -
12:38
"Why don't you come up to my cave, so I can show you my hand axes?"
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"Što ne dođeš malo u moju pećinu, da ti pokažem sekirice."
12:41
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
12:43
Except, of course, what's interesting about this
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Naravno, što je najinteresantnije,
12:46
is that we can't be sure how that idea was conveyed,
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ne možemo sa sigurnošću tvrditi kako je ta ideja prenošena,
12:49
because the Homo erectus
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jer homo erektus
12:51
that made these objects
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koji je pravio ove predmete
12:54
did not have language.
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nije imao jezik.
12:56
It's hard to grasp,
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Teško je zamisliti,
12:58
but it's an incredible fact.
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ali to je neverovatna istina.
13:01
This object was made
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Ovaj je predmet načinio
13:03
by a hominid ancestor,
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naš čovekoliki predak -
13:06
Homo erectus or Homo ergaster,
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homo erektus ili homo ergaster -
13:10
between 50,000 and 100,000 years
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50 ili 100 hiljada godina pre
13:13
before language.
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nastanka jezika.
13:16
Stretching over a million years,
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Tradicija koja se proteže milion godina,
13:18
the hand axe tradition
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tradicija izrade sekirica
13:20
is the longest artistic tradition
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jeste najstarija poznata umetnička tradicija
13:23
in human and proto-human history.
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u istoriji ljudskog roda i pračoveka.
13:26
By the end of the hand axe epic, Homo sapiens --
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Pri kraju epohe sekirica, homo sapiens -
13:29
as they were then called, finally --
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tako su ih naposletku onda zvali -
13:31
were doubtless finding new ways
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je nesumnjivo pronalazio nove načine
13:33
to amuse and amaze each other
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da zadivi i zabavi sebi slične
13:36
by, who knows, telling jokes,
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ko zna, možda i pričanjem viceva,
13:38
storytelling, dancing, or hairstyling.
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pripovedanjem, plesom, ili uređivanjem kose.
13:41
Yes, hairstyling -- I insist on that.
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Jeste, uređivanjem kose - insistiram na tome.
13:44
For us moderns,
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U moderna vremena,
13:46
virtuoso technique
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vrhunske tehnike
13:48
is used to create imaginary worlds
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se primenjuju da bi se stvarali zamišljeni svetovi
13:50
in fiction and in movies,
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u književnosti i u filmovima,
13:52
to express intense emotions
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da bi se izrazila snažna osećanja
13:54
with music, painting and dance.
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kroz muziku, slikarstvo ili ples.
13:57
But still,
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Ali, ipak,
13:59
one fundamental trait
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jedna suštinska osobina
14:01
of the ancestral personality persists
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ličnosti naših predaka i dalje je prisutna
14:03
in our aesthetic cravings:
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u estetskim sklonostima modernog čoveka:
14:06
the beauty we find
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lepota koju nalazimo
14:08
in skilled performances.
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u veštim izvedbama.
14:10
From Lascaux to the Louvre
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Od Laskoa do Luvra
14:12
to Carnegie Hall,
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ili Karnegi Hola,
14:14
human beings
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ljudska bića
14:16
have a permanent innate taste
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iskazuju nepromenjenu urođenu sklonost
14:18
for virtuoso displays in the arts.
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za vrhunske izvedbe u umetnosti.
14:22
We find beauty
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Lepotu nalazimo
14:24
in something done well.
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u onome što je kvalitetno izvedeno.
14:28
So the next time you pass a jewelry shop window
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Sledeći put kada prođete pored izloga sa nakitom
14:30
displaying a beautifully cut
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u kome je izložen izvanredno izbrušeni
14:32
teardrop-shaped stone,
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kamen oblika suze
14:34
don't be so sure
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nemojte biti tako sigurni da
14:36
it's just your culture telling you
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je to samo kultura koja vam nalaže
14:38
that that sparkling jewel is beautiful.
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da svetlucavi kamenčić doživite kao nešto lepo.
14:40
Your distant ancestors loved that shape
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Vaši daleki preci su voleli taj oblik
14:43
and found beauty in the skill needed to make it,
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i pronalazili su lepotu u veštini koja je bila potrebna da bi se on stvorio,
14:46
even before
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čak i pre
14:48
they could put their love into words.
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nego što su umeli da svoju naklonost pretoče u reči.
14:50
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
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Je li lepota u oku posmatrača?
14:53
No, it's deep in our minds.
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Nije, ona je duboko usađena u našem umu.
14:56
It's a gift handed down from the intelligent skills
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Ona je dar, koji smo dobili zahvaljujući veštini prilagođavanja
14:59
and rich emotional lives
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i bogatom emocionalnom životu
15:01
of our most ancient ancestors.
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većine naših pradavnih predaka.
15:04
Our powerful reaction to images,
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Naša snažna reakcija na slike
15:06
to the expression of emotion in art,
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na izkazivanje emocija u umetnosti
15:09
to the beauty of music, to the night sky,
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na lepotu muzike ili noćnog neba
15:12
will be with us and our descendants
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ostaće s nama i s našim potomcima
15:15
for as long as the human race exists.
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dokle god bude ljudskog roda.
15:18
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Denis Dutton - PhilosopherDenis Dutton was a philosophy professor and the editor of Arts & Letters Daily. In his book The Art Instinct, he suggested that humans are hard-wired to seek beauty.
Why you should listen
Why do humans take pleasure in making art? In his 2009 book The Art Instinct, philosopher Denis Dutton suggested that art is a need built into our systems, a complex and subtle evolutionary adaptation comparable to our facility for language. We humans evolved to love art because it helps us survive; for example, a well-expressed appreciation of art can -- even in modern times -- help us to find a mate. It’s a bold argument to make, bolstered by examples from the breadth of art history that Dutton kept at his fingertips.
Dutton taught philosophy at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, and was the editor of Arts & Letters Daily, a three-column compendium of culture news from all over the web. (His own homepage is another storehouse of tidbits from his wide-ranging explorations in philosophy and culture.) He was on the advisory board of Cybereditions, a publisher specializing in ebooks and print-on-demand editions of nonfiction works. And he was an editor of Climate Debate Daily, a lively blog that takes a skeptical view of some climate-change arguments.
Dutton died from cancer in December 2010.
Denis Dutton | Speaker | TED.com