Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty
ماریان رایت ادلمن: بازتابی از عمری مبارزه برای پایان دادن به فقر کودکان
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bioPat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio
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that "legend" business.
«افسانهای» را دوست نداری.
as founder and president.
and my mother raised us to serve,
و مادرم بزرگمان کرد تا خدمت کنیم،
external things or labels,
و برچسبها ندارد،
person in the world
of great needs and great injustices
و بزرگترین بیعدالتیها بدنیا آمدم
was molded by your parents.
پدر و مادرت شکل دادهاند.
about movement-building?
حرکتهای اجتماعی چه یادت دادند؟
I was so lucky.
خوششانس بودم.
organizer I ever knew.
بود که میشناسم.
even back then, on having her own dime.
تا درآمد خودش را داشته باشد.
so that she could have her penny,
تا پول خودش را درآورد،
has certainly been passed on to me.
به من انتقال یافته.
and they were real partners.
و جفتی واقعی بودند.
and there are three boys in between.
و سه پسر بین ما.
as smart as my brothers.
که هوشم مثل برادرانم است.
high aspirations that they had.
we were terribly blessed,
ما خیلی خوشبخت بودیم،
small town in South Carolina --
در کارولینای جنوبی بزرگ میشدیم --
I was four years old,
از چهار سالگی،
being put into slots.
که مرا در شیارها بگذارند.
had the sense that it was not us,
این حس را داشتند که ما نبودیم،
to grow up to change it,
و تغییرش را داری،
they were the best role models,
آنها بهترین الگوها بودند،
in our hometown.
در شهرمان نبود.
now, 50 years later, as Alzheimer's,
که حالا ۵۰ سال بعد میدانیم آلزایمر بوده،
he needed a place to go,
به مکانی برای زندگی نیاز دارد،
و میشستند و غذا میدادند.
that it was our obligation
نگهداری از نیازمندان مسئولیت ماست
who couldn't take care of themselves.
از خود نگهداری کنند.
که به فرزندی قبول شده بودند.
and she took them in before we left home.
رفتیم پذیرفت، و قبل از رفتنمان پذیرفت.
you try to fulfill it.
تو باید آن را برآورده کنی.
a full employment economy.
اقتصادی با کار برای همه.
or a real purpose in life.
یا هدف واقعیت چیست نمیشوی.
Defense Fund works on today
امروز رویش کار میکند
in a very personal way.
who lived three doors down from me,
که سه در پایینتر از من زندگی میکرد،
he lived with his grandmother,
با مادر بزرگش زندگی میکرد،
no tetanus shots, he died.
واکسن کزاز نبود، و او مرد.
two white truck drivers
that happened to be black.
and the ambulance came,
که آمبولانس رسید،
truck drivers were not injured,
زخمی شدهاند،
was one of the first things
immunized against preventable diseases.
بیماریهای قابل پیشگیری واکسینه شوند.
read every night with him.
هر شب با او کتاب بخوانم.
inside a "Life Magazine"
یک «مجله لایف» گذاشتم
before we had a second pair of shoes,
داشته باشیم کتاب داشتیم،
books for the black schools
کتابهای دست دو داشتیم
was the window to the outside world,
به جهان بیرونی است،
runs a full employment economy,
در اقتصاد خدا برای همه کار هست،
نیازها بروی،
در زندگی نخواهی داشت،
I was four or five.
and "black" water signs,
و «سیاهها» داشت،
and didn't pay much attention to that,
of my Sunday school teachers.
مدرسه یکشنبههایم بودم.
and I didn't know what had happened,
و من نمیدانستم مشکل کجاست،
about black and white water.
برای سفید و سیاه توضیح داد.
و بعد از آن،
wounded psyche to my parents,
پیش پدر و مادر بردم،
and said, "What's wrong with me?"
و گفتم، «مگه من چه اشکالی دارم؟»
"It wasn't much wrong with you.
«خیلی تقصیر تو نیست.
and switch water signs
تابلو آبخوریها را عوض میکردم
that this legend is a bit of a rebel,
افسانهای کمی سرکش است،
and with the Civil Rights Movement,
برای حرکتهای حقوق اجتماعی شروع کردید،
on the original Poor People's Campaign.
برای فقرا شرکت داشتید.
this decision, 45 years ago,
campaign for children.
از کودکان را آغاز کنید.
particular service, to children?
برای کودکان شروع کردید؟
that I saw in Mississippi
که در میسیسیپی
bellies in this country
با شکمهای ورم کرده دیدهام
who were starving,
that would come to Mississippi,
که به میسیسیپی میآمد،
didn't want to do anything about it.
کاری برایش نمیکردند.
during voter registration efforts --
انتخاباتی میخواست --
to help black citizens register to vote --
به ثبت نام شهروندان سیاه پوست برای رای--
so they were trying to starve them out.
میخواستند با گرسنگی بیرونشان کنند.
from free food commodities
in America wanted to believe
و هیچکس در آمریکا نمیخواست باور کند
in America without any income.
thousands of them.
هزاران نفر را.
was becoming a big problem.
came Dr. King down
to get the Head Start program --
برنامه تغذیه رایگان بگیریم --
of Mississippi turned down --
was running without any help,
بدون هیچ کمکی میگرداندند،
for eight or 10 children,
برای هشت تا ۱۰ کودک خرد میکند،
because he was in tears.
چون چشمانش پر از اشک شده بود.
decided he would come --
تصمیم گرفت که میآید --
about the Head Start program,
come and see yourself,
لطفا خودتان بیایید و ببینید،
and see starving children.
در حال مرگ هستند را ببین.
all the poor people to go north
تا همه فقرا را به شمال برانند
he'll win one of these days.
ولی یکی از این روزها برنده میشود.
such grinding poverty,
فقر استخوان شکنی را ببینی،
who'd come in to help register voters
کمک به ثبت نام رای دهندهگان آمده بودند
where we lost those three young men.
که ما این سه مرد جوان را از دست دادیم.
to push the poor out.
که تغذیه رایگان آمد،
because the state turned it down.
چون ایالت رهایش کرده بود.
that don't take Medicaid these days.
کمکهای درمانی نمیگیرند، همینطورند.
Head Start program in the nation,
در تاریخ این ملت راه انداختیم،
who looked like them in it,
عکس بچههایی مثل آنها را داشت،
gave birth to the Children's Defense Fund
تولد صندوق دفاع از کودکان
که کودکان
the Poor People's Campaign.
that whatever you called
اسمش را هرچه بگذاری
a shrinking constituency.
که کوچک میشد.
or at a two-year-old toddler?
یا کودک دو ساله عصبانی شود؟
neither, from what we've seen.
نمیخواهند به آنها غذا هم بدهند.
coordinator for policy
برنامه مردم فقیر
who are scut workers and follow up.
کارها را پیگیری میکردند و میآمدند.
and a persistent person.
و آدمی سمج.
on food stamps today
حالا امروز جیره غذایی دارند
in the mud in Resurrection City.
در گل و لای دست و پا میزنند تشکر کنند.
detailed work -- and never going away.
-- که هیچوقت از میان نمیروند.
out of the Children's Defense Fund?
دفاع از کودکان به آن افتخار میکنید چیست؟
have sort of become a mainstream issue.
به نوعی تبدیل به یک جریان اصلی شدهاند.
are getting a head start.
are getting Head Start
Insurance Program, CHIP,
the child welfare system for decades.
کودکان را برای دههها متحول کنیم.
breakthrough this year,
when somebody's ready to move,
پیشنهادهایت باید آماده باشد،
10 years, 20 years, but you're there.
۱۰ سال، ۲۰ سال، ولی شما آنجا هستی.
out of foster care and out of institutions
و خانههای نگهداری از کودکان بیسرپرست
with preventive services.
با خدمات پیشگیری بمانند.
of children who have hope,
in the richest nation on earth.
ملت دنیا پایان دهیم.
that we have to be demanding that.
in spite of the successes,
در مسیر موفقیت وجود دارد،
some of them, Marian --
عنوان میکنی، ماریان --
Children's Defense Fund programs.
کودکان استفاده کردهاند.
and in other countries,
و کشورهای دیگر،
we adults in power have been
اینکه ما بزرگسالان در قدرت
چقدر بیمسئولیت شدهایم.
the "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
«مجله دانشمندان اتمی» میخوانم
two minutes from midnight,
با نیمه شب فاصله داریم،
and safety at risk
در معرض خطر گذاشتهایم
too much governed by violence.
investing in the young and in peace,
و در جوانان و صلح سرمایهگذاری کنیم،
from doing that.
these battles all over again,
این مبارزهها را انجام دهند،
that we as adults have to do
the sacrifices of Mrs. Hamer
to give us a better life.
به خطر انداختند.
has got to come to grips
in its children,
در کودکانش سرمایهگذاری کند،
of this nation.
economies in the world
بزرگترین اقتصادهای جهان باشی
go live in poverty,
در فقر زندگی کنند،
who we are as a people,
که به عنوان یک ملت کیستیم،
to end poverty in the world.
ما میخواهیم به فقر در جهان پایان دهیم.
rather than to babies
نه نوزادان
and it's not cost-effective.
و مقرون به صرفه نیست.
to be an educated child population,
کودکان خواهد بود،
at the most basic levels.
چیزها را بخوانند یا بنویسند.
سرمایهگذاری میکنیم،
about anybody having one billion,
داشته باشد ناراحت نیستم،
what does it mean to live
معنی زندگی کردن است
to make things better
تا اوضاع را بهتر کنیم
about climate change
I constantly cite --
همیشه این را میگویم --
of Atomic Scientists" every year.
هر سال نگاه میکنم.
"Two minutes to midnight."
«دو دقیقه به نیمه شب.»
to our children?
to leave a better world for everybody,
تا جهانی بهتر را برای همه باقی گذاریم،
no hungry children in this world
role models in the world.
runs a full employment economy,
همه کار میکنند.
because my mother was a true partner.
چون مادرم شریکی واقعی بود.
as smart as my brothers, at least.
برادرانم باهوش هستم.
just to be about ourselves,
تنها برای خودمان زندگی نمیکنیم،
on behalf of all the world's children,
از طرف تمام کودکان جهان،
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocateMarian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.
Why you should listen
Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."
Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.
Why you should listen
Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.
As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.
In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com