Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty
瑪麗安 · 萊特 · 埃德爾曼: 一生致力於終結孩童貧困的省思
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bioPat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that "legend" business.
我知道你不喜歡被稱作「傳奇」
as founder and president.
and my mother raised us to serve,
教我們的就是要服務人
external things or labels,
person in the world
和極大不公的交叉口
of great needs and great injustices
讓事物有所不同
was molded by your parents.
你的父母塑造而成
about movement-building?
他們教了你什麼?
I was so lucky.
我好幸運
organizer I ever knew.
even back then, on having her own dime.
她也總是堅持要有自己的錢
so that she could have her penny,
自己賺錢
has certainly been passed on to me.
and they were real partners.
他們是真搭擋
and there are three boys in between.
上面還有三個哥哥
as smart as my brothers.
我和我的哥哥們一樣聰明
有很高的志向
high aspirations that they had.
我們非常有福氣
we were terribly blessed,
十分嚴重的小鎮 ──
small town in South Carolina --
從四歲起我就知道
I was four years old,
being put into slots.
問題不在我們
had the sense that it was not us,
而在於外面的世界
to grow up to change it,
然後去改變它
they were the best role models,
他們是最好的模範
如果你看到有需要的地方
沒有老人之家
in our hometown.
now, 50 years later, as Alzheimer's,
五十年後的現在所知的阿茲海默症
he needed a place to go,
that it was our obligation
那些不能照顧自己的人
who couldn't take care of themselves.
and she took them in before we left home.
離家後收養了他們
you try to fulfill it.
就試著去成就它
a full employment economy.
在上帝主導的經濟中人人都有工作
or a real purpose in life.
也不缺人生目標
Defense Fund works on today
所處理的每一個議題
與我息息相關
in a very personal way.
房子的小強尼哈林頓
who lived three doors down from me,
he lived with his grandmother,
他得了破傷風去醫院
no tetanus shots, he died.
他便死了
two white truck drivers
that happened to be black.
而他們剛好是黑人
and the ambulance came,
救護車來了
truck drivers were not injured,
was one of the first things
開始的事工之一就是免疫接種
immunized against preventable diseases.
對可預防的疾病都有免疫接種
每晚和他一起讀書
read every night with him.
夾了一本《真情天外來》
inside a "Life Magazine"
《真情天外來》了
before we had a second pair of shoes,
然後才有第二雙鞋子
books for the black schools
was the window to the outside world,
閱讀是通往外面世界的一扇窗
一個很棒的禮物
runs a full employment economy,
上帝主導的經濟中人人有工作
I was four or five.
and "black" water signs,
和「黑人」的標誌
and didn't pay much attention to that,
of my Sunday school teachers.
我不知道發生了什麼事
and I didn't know what had happened,
水也有分黑人用的和白人用的
about black and white water.
受傷的小小心靈去找我父母
wounded psyche to my parents,
並說:「我有什麼問題?」
and said, "What's wrong with me?"
有問題的是體制」
"It wasn't much wrong with you.
and switch water signs
這個傳奇的確有點叛逆
that this legend is a bit of a rebel,
並參與「非裔美國人民權運動」
and with the Civil Rights Movement,
on the original Poor People's Campaign.
最早的「窮人運動」合作過
this decision, 45 years ago,
campaign for children.
為孩子發聲的運動
這樣服務,為孩子?
particular service, to children?
that I saw in Mississippi
bellies in this country
孩子的腹部膨脹起來
who were starving,
that would come to Mississippi,
而他們通常都不想為此做什麼
didn't want to do anything about it.
during voter registration efforts --
那時正在幫選民登記
to help black citizens register to vote --
so they were trying to starve them out.
他們想讓他們餓死
from free food commodities
而美國沒有人想要相信
in America wanted to believe
in America without any income.
thousands of them.
was becoming a big problem.
came Dr. King down
to get the Head Start program --
我們要幫「啟蒙計畫」 ──
of Mississippi turned down --
在沒有協助的情況下所經營的中心
was running without any help,
for eight or 10 children,
切瓣分給 8 到 10 個孩子
because he was in tears.
因為他已淚流滿面
decided he would come --
about the Head Start program,
come and see yourself,
and see starving children.
看看餓壞的孩子
他帶了媒體來
這運動才開始動起來
all the poor people to go north
貧窮的人推到北方去
he'll win one of these days.
但他總有一天會贏的
如此完全的貧困
such grinding poverty,
參與 1964 年的「自由之夏」計畫
who'd come in to help register voters
where we lost those three young men.
媒體也離開了
需要幫助的缺口
to push the poor out.
「啟蒙計畫」開始實施
because the state turned it down.
因為州政府把它駁回
that don't take Medicaid these days.
美國醫療保險的州都是如此
Head Start program in the nation,
是全國最大的
長的和他們一樣
who looked like them in it,
gave birth to the Children's Defense Fund
讓兒童保護基金誕生了
the Poor People's Campaign.
that whatever you called
不論你怎麼稱呼
叫混血獨立也好
a shrinking constituency.
or at a two-year-old toddler?
或兩歲的嬰兒生氣?
neither, from what we've seen.
他們誰都不想餵
擔任兩年的政策協調員 ──
coordinator for policy
who are scut workers and follow up.
and a persistent person.
我也是個持之以恆的人
on food stamps today
in the mud in Resurrection City.
detailed work -- and never going away.
out of the Children's Defense Fund?
你最引以為傲的是什麼?
have sort of become a mainstream issue.
大概已是個主流議題了
are getting a head start.
are getting Head Start
Insurance Program, CHIP,
the child welfare system for decades.
breakthrough this year,
when somebody's ready to move,
等待有人要開始改變的時刻」
10 years, 20 years, but you're there.
或 20 年,但你做到了
out of foster care and out of institutions
進到寄養和照顧機構中
with preventive services.
並提供預防性服務
of children who have hope,
這世上最富有的國家為止
in the richest nation on earth.
that we have to be demanding that.
實在是可笑
in spite of the successes,
許多地問題依然存在
some of them, Marian --
Children's Defense Fund programs.
and in other countries,
還有其他的國家裡
we adults in power have been
交給下一代這事上
不負責任的態度令我擔心
the "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
two minutes from midnight,
就要到午夜,我便很擔心
暴力統治的世界
and safety at risk
和安全當賭注
too much governed by violence.
investing in the young and in peace,
轉而投資年輕世代與和平
from doing that.
these battles all over again,
that we as adults have to do
得為下一代做的
the sacrifices of Mrs. Hamer
而冒自己生命的人
to give us a better life.
has got to come to grips
自己的兒童這事來努力
in its children,
of this nation.
economies in the world
數一數二有錢的國家
go live in poverty,
活在貧困之中
who we are as a people,
這個國家人民的意義
to end poverty in the world.
我們要終結世上的貧窮
rather than to babies
和他們的健康照護上
而且那不符合成本效益
and it's not cost-effective.
to be an educated child population,
at the most basic levels.
或一百億元的人生氣
about anybody having one billion,
what does it mean to live
to make things better
about climate change
I constantly cite --
如我時常提及的
of Atomic Scientists" every year.
"Two minutes to midnight."
to our children?
更好的世界交給下一代嗎?
to leave a better world for everybody,
更好的世界留給所有的人
這世上不該有飢餓的兒童
no hungry children in this world
role models in the world.
上帝主導的經濟人人有工作
runs a full employment economy,
因為我母親是個真正的夥伴
because my mother was a true partner.
as smart as my brothers, at least.
just to be about ourselves,
on behalf of all the world's children,
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocateMarian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.
Why you should listen
Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."
Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.
Why you should listen
Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.
As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.
In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com