Marian Wright Edelman: Reflections from a lifetime fighting to end child poverty
매리언 라이트 에델만(Marian Wright Edelman): 가난한 아이들을 위해 평생을 바쳐온 삶
Marian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth. Full bioPat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator. Full bio
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that "legend" business.
별로 안 좋아한다는 거 알아요.
as founder and president.
회장으로서 그 곳에 있죠.
and my mother raised us to serve,
어머니께서는 저희에게 봉사하라고 했으며
external things or labels,
person in the world
사람이라고 생각합니다.
of great needs and great injustices
그리고 이걸 바꿀 엄청난 기회
태어났으니까요.
변화를 만들 수 있는 것에 그냥
was molded by your parents.
about movement-building?
이 단체에 대해서 뭘 가르치셨나요?
I was so lucky.
굉장히 운이 좋았습니다.
organizer I ever knew.
최고의 사회 활동가이셨습니다.
even back then, on having her own dime.
가져야 한다고 주장했어요.
so that she could have her penny,
적은 돈을 스스로 벌었고
has certainly been passed on to me.
전해졌다고 생각합니다.
and they were real partners.
두 분은 진정한 동반자였죠.
and there are three boys in between.
그 사이에 세 형제가 있었죠.
as smart as my brothers.
똑똑하다는 걸 알았죠.
high aspirations that they had.
we were terribly blessed,
저희 모두 너무 재능이 넘쳤다는 겁니다.
작은 마을에서 자라기에는요.
small town in South Carolina --
I was four years old,
being put into slots.
않겠다고 생각했어요.
had the sense that it was not us,
그건 저희 때문이 아니고
to grow up to change it,
바꿀 능력이 생기면 바꾸라고 하셨죠.
그런 일을 한 겁니다.
they were the best role models,
부모님은 최고의 롤모델이었다는 거죠.
만약에 해야 할 일이 보이면,
in our hometown.
노인들을 위한 집이 없어요.
now, 50 years later, as Alzheimer's,
오십 년이 지난 지금
거리를 떠돌고 있습니다.
he needed a place to go,
필요하다는 걸 알았고
집을 운영하기 시작했죠.
봉사를 해야 했고요.
that it was our obligation
who couldn't take care of themselves.
그렇게 배웠습니다.
양 형제자매가 있었어요.
and she took them in before we left home.
나가기 전 이렇게 데리고 왔어요.
you try to fulfill it.
그 일을 하려고 해야 한다고 했죠.
a full employment economy.
완전고용 경제를 운영하신다고 하셨어요.
따라가기만 한다면,
or a real purpose in life.
혹은 목적을 잃어버린 느낌도 없겠죠.
Defense Fund works on today
마주한 모든 문제들은
in a very personal way.
나온 겁니다.
who lived three doors down from me,
작은 아이 죠니 해링턴,
he lived with his grandmother,
못을 밟아서
no tetanus shots, he died.
파상풍 주사를 맞지 못해 죽었죠.
two white truck drivers
that happened to be black.
일어난 사고였습니다.
and the ambulance came,
구급차가 왔는데
truck drivers were not injured,
그걸 보고 몸을 돌려 떠났죠.
was one of the first things
조치 중 하나입니다.
immunized against preventable diseases.
걸리지 않도록 하는 일입니다.
물건들을 물려받았습니다.
책들이 있었습니다.
read every night with him.
책을 읽어 주셨어요.
저는 거기 앉아 있어야만 했죠.
inside a "Life Magazine"
끼워 넣었죠.
읽으라고 하셨어요.
읽지 않았습니다.
독서광이셨죠.
before we had a second pair of shoes,
책이 먼저였습니다.
books for the black schools
책을 물려 받아야 했고
물려 받아야만 했습니다.
was the window to the outside world,
바깥 세상을 보는 일이라고 하셨고
가장 최고의 재능이었죠.
runs a full employment economy,
보살펴 주신다는 가르침과
없을 거라는 가르침은 계속 강조하셨죠.
작은 마을에 살았습니다.
I was four or five.
달고 다녀야 했죠.
and "black" water signs,
물 표지판이 있었는데
and didn't pay much attention to that,
거기에 대해서 별로 신경쓰지도 않았죠.
of my Sunday school teachers.
있었을 때였습니다.
and I didn't know what had happened,
저는 무슨 일이 일어나는지도 몰랐고요,
about black and white water.
흑인과 백인 물에 대해서 설명해주셨죠.
wounded psyche to my parents,
부모님에게
and said, "What's wrong with me?"
물었죠, "제가 뭘 잘못했나요?"
"It wasn't much wrong with you.
"너는 하나도 잘못하지 않았어.
and switch water signs
몰래 물 표지판을 바꿔놓곤 했습니다.
that this legend is a bit of a rebel,
시작 되었고
사실에 의문의 여지가 없네요.
and with the Civil Rights Movement,
흑인 인권 운동도 하시고,
on the original Poor People's Campaign.
경제 정의 실현 단체에서 일하셨잖아요.
this decision, 45 years ago,
아이들을 위한 국가적인 사회 단체를
campaign for children.
particular service, to children?
that I saw in Mississippi
남부 지역에 걸쳐서
생각했을 뿐이에요.
bellies in this country
아이들이 있다는 사실을
who were starving,
that would come to Mississippi,
didn't want to do anything about it.
의원 대부분이 하기 싫었을 일이죠.
during voter registration efforts --
선거기간에 표를 얻는 것뿐
to help black citizens register to vote --
들어와서 흑인 유권자에게 투표를 유도
so they were trying to starve them out.
그 주를 떠나 그들이 굶어죽는 겁니다.
from free food commodities
in America wanted to believe
미국에 있는 그 누구도
in America without any income.
사실을 믿으려고 하지 않았죠.
thousands of them.
아는데 말이죠.
was becoming a big problem.
심각한 문제로 떠올랐죠.
came Dr. King down
to get the Head Start program --
거절한 헤드 스타트 프로그램을
of Mississippi turned down --
싸우는 모습을 봤었죠.
was running without any help,
어떤 도움도 없이 운영되고 있고
for eight or 10 children,
사과 한 개를 깎고 있는 모습을 보고
because he was in tears.
왜냐하면 눈물이 흘렀기 때문이죠.
decided he would come --
여기 오기로 결심했었다면
about the Head Start program,
필요에 대해 증명했겠죠.
come and see yourself,
스스로 좀 봐달라고 부탁하면서
and see starving children.
보일거라고 했을 겁니다.
대통령께서 기자들을 데리고 오면서,
all the poor people to go north
북부로 보내 버리려고 했고
자랑스러워요.
he'll win one of these days.
오늘날에는 이겼을 텐데요.
such grinding poverty,
보지 않았다면,
who'd come in to help register voters
그 1964년 프리덤 섬머
where we lost those three young men.
투표권을 획득하게 도와주지 않았겠죠.
결핍만이 남겨졌고,
to push the poor out.
because the state turned it down.
왜냐하면 주 정부가 거절했으니까요.
that don't take Medicaid these days.
실시하지 않는 건 사실입니다.
Head Start program in the nation,
가장 큰 헤드 스타트를 운영했고,
who looked like them in it,
볼 수 있는 책을 얻었고,
프로그램을 확대했습니다.
gave birth to the Children's Defense Fund
탄생시켰다는 겁니다.
피하려고 하는 것,
진행된다는 사실을 깨닫게 해주었죠.
the Poor People's Campaign.
나왔다고 볼 수 있습니다.
that whatever you called
혹은 동남아시아 유권자
a shrinking constituency.
명백한 사실입니다.
or at a two-year-old toddler?
아기한테 누가 화를 낼 수 있겠어요?
neither, from what we've seen.
그동안 우리가 본 것이 그겁니다.
내리도록 이끄는 겁니다.
coordinator for policy
그 중 두 개 정도가 실패하지 않았죠.
심는 것이고
who are scut workers and follow up.
사람을 키워내고 이어지게 하는 겁니다.
and a persistent person.
한결 같은 사람이죠.
on food stamps today
의지하는 모든 사람들이
in the mud in Resurrection City.
고마워하리라고 말할 수 있어요.
detailed work -- and never going away.
많이 따라오며 절대 없어지지 않습니다.
out of the Children's Defense Fund?
가장 자랑스러운 일은 뭔가요?
have sort of become a mainstream issue.
주요 문제로 부상했습니다.
있게 되었습니다.
are getting a head start.
프로그램을 받게 되었고.
are getting Head Start
수많은 아이들이
만들면서,\
Insurance Program, CHIP,
아이들한테까지로 확장되었죠.
the child welfare system for decades.
개혁하기 위해서 노력했고
breakthrough this year,
변화를 이뤄냈죠,
when somebody's ready to move,
누군가 움직일 때까지 기다려야 하는데,
10 years, 20 years, but you're there.
있으나 거기 있으면 됩니다.
out of foster care and out of institutions
제도 바깥에 있는 사람들
with preventive services.
예방책을 만들었죠.
of children who have hope,
수많은 아이들,
느끼지 않을 겁니다.
in the richest nation on earth.
가난한 아이들이 없도록 할 때까지요.
that we have to be demanding that.
바보 같아 보일 때까지요.
in spite of the successes,
많은 문제들이 남아있고
some of them, Marian --
감사합니다, 매리언.
Children's Defense Fund programs.
and in other countries,
we adults in power have been
힘을 가진 우리 어른들이
만드는데 관심이 없는지죠.
the "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists"
읽으면서 걱정을 했는데
two minutes from midnight,
않았다는 사실이 보였죠.
and safety at risk
전세계에서 일어나는
too much governed by violence.
다스려지고 있습니다.
investing in the young and in peace,
어린이들, 평화에 투자를 시작해야 하고
from doing that.
우리는 멀리 떨어져야만 합니다.
these battles all over again,
바라지 않습니다.
더 근본적으로 나아갈 겁니다.
that we as adults have to do
이 일들은 모두
the sacrifices of Mrs. Hamer
to give us a better life.
has got to come to grips
투자를 실패하고
in its children,
of this nation.
economies in the world
한 나라인데 어떻게
go live in poverty,
가난에 허덕이고
who we are as a people,
사람에 대해서
to end poverty in the world.
가난을 끝내고 싶습니다.
rather than to babies
백만장자에게 더 미안해야 했으며
걱정해야 했습니다.
받아야만 합니다.
and it's not cost-effective.
비용 효율이 높지도 않아요.
to be an educated child population,
교육받는 아이들이 많아지고
읽기쓰기조차 하지 못하는
at the most basic levels.
투자하는 것이고,
about anybody having one billion,
화내지 않을 겁니다.
what does it mean to live
to make things better
다음 세대를 위해
about climate change
I constantly cite --
저희는 다시 살펴보는 겁니다-
of Atomic Scientists" every year.
살펴보듯이요.
"Two minutes to midnight."
"지구 멸망까지 이분."
to our children?
관심이 없잖아요?
to leave a better world for everybody,
더 나은 세상을 물려주자,
no hungry children in this world
없어야 합니다.
생각할 수 없어요.
따른다고 생각해요.
role models in the world.
최고의 롤모델들이 있었어요.
runs a full employment economy,
이 모든 걸 보살펴주신단다,
말씀하셨어요.
because my mother was a true partner.
어머니가 진정한 동반자였습니다.
as smart as my brothers, at least.
똑똑하다는 사실을 알았어요.
just to be about ourselves,
머무르지 않고,
항상 알고 있었습니다.
on behalf of all the world's children,
대표해서 하고 싶은 말이 있는데요.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Marian Wright Edelman - Child advocateMarian Wright Edelman fights for a level playing field for all children, so their chances to succeed don't have to depend on the lottery of birth.
Why you should listen
Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president emerita of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF), has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. The CDF's "Leave No Child Behind" mission is "to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities."
Edelman, a graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, began her career in the mid-'60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1968, she moved to Washington, DC as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the CDF. For two years she served as the director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in 1973 began CDF. Edelman served on the Board of Trustees of Spelman College, which she chaired from 1976 to 1987, and was the first woman elected by alumni as a member of the Yale University Corporation, on which she served from 1971 to 1977. She has received more than 100 honorary degrees and many awards, including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Presidential Medal of Freedom -- the nation's highest civilian award -- and the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings.
Marian Wright Edelman | Speaker | TED.com
Pat Mitchell - Curator, connector, convener and advocate for women's leadership
Pat Mitchell is a lifelong advocate for women and girls, known for her work as a journalist, producer, television executive and curator.
Why you should listen
Pat Mitchell began her media career in print (at LOOK) and transitioned to television as opportunities opened up for women in the early 1970s. She was among the first women to anchor the news (WBZ-TV Boston) and host a morning talk show (Woman 74). She was the first woman to own, produce and host a national talk show, the Emmy-winning Woman to Woman, which also became the first television series to be placed in the archives of the Harvard-Radcliffe Schlesinger Library on the History of Women.
As the head of Ted Turner's documentary division, the programs she commissioned garnered 37 Emmys, five Peabodys and two Academy Award nominations. In 2000, she became the first woman President and CEO of the Public Broadcasting System. She led PBS through the transition to digital broadcasting, sustained government funding and added many new original series to the national schedule. As head of the Paley Center for Media in New York and Los Angeles, she guided an institution that leads discussion about the cultural, creative and social significance of media. Now as an independent consultant and curator, Mitchell advises foundations and corporations on issues of women’s empowerment and leadership development as well as media relations and governance. Mitchell is a trustee of the Skoll Foundation and Participant Media; chair of the Sundance Institute Board and Women's Media Center and a board member of the Acumen Fund.
In 2010, Mitchell launched and co-hosted the first TEDWomen and for the succeeding seven years, in partnership with the TED organization, Mitchell has curated and hosted TEDxWomen and TEDWomen conferences.
Pat Mitchell | Speaker | TED.com