ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jedidah Isler - Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies.

Why you should listen

Jedidah Isler has been staring at the stars since she was 11 or 12. But because neither her undergraduate college or the university where she got her first master’s degree offered astronomy majors, she threw herself wholeheartedly into physics. It wasn’t until she entered a doctoral program that she was able to dedicate her time to the studying the night sky. In 2014, she became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale.

Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies, some of which emit powerful streams of particles. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe. Isler is a Chancellor’s Faculty Fellow in Physics at Syracuse University. She participates in the Future Faculty Leader program at Harvard's Center for Astrophysics and was named a 2015 TED Fellow.

Isler is also interested in breaking down barriers that prevent many students — especially women of color — from becoming scienists. She works to make STEM accessible to new communities. 

More profile about the speaker
Jedidah Isler | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

Jedidah Isler: Comment je suis tombée en amour avec les quasars les blazars et de notre incroyable univers.

Filmed:
1,513,343 views

Jedidah Isler, petite fille, est d’abord tombée en amour avec le ciel étoilé. Une astrophysicienne qui étudie les trous noirs supermassifs-superactifs. Dans cette charmante conférence elle nous amène à des billions de kilomètres de la Terre voir des objets qui peuvent être de 1 à 10 milliards de fois plus massifs que le soleil — et qui quelquefois lancent de puissants jets de particules dans notre direction.
- Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
My first love was for the night sky.
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Mon premier amour fut pour le ciel étoilé.
00:16
Love is complicated.
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L’amour est compliqué.
00:17
You're looking at a fly-through of the
Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,
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Vous regardez une animation du
Champ-Ultra-Profond du télescope Hubble,
00:22
one of the most distant images
of our universe ever observed.
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une image des objets les plus distants
jamais observés de notre univers.
00:26
Everything you see here is a galaxy,
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Chaque objet que vous y voyez
est une galaxie,
00:29
comprised of billions of stars each.
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composée de milliards d'étoiles chacune.
00:32
And the farthest galaxy is
a trillion, trillion kilometers away.
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La galaxie la plus éloignée est éloignée
d'un billion de billions de kilomètres.
00:37
As an astrophysicist, I have
the awesome privilege of studying
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En qualité d’astrophysicienne j’ai
le privilège d’étudier
00:40
some of the most exotic objects
in our universe.
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quelques-uns des objets les plus
exotiques dans notre univers.
00:44
The objects that have captivated me
from first crush throughout my career
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Les objets qui m’ont le plus captivée depuis
le début et au cours de ma carrière
00:48
are supermassive,
hyperactive black holes.
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sont les trous noirs
supermassifs et hyperactifs.
00:53
Weighing one to 10 billion times
the mass of our own sun,
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Ayant une masse de 1 à 10 milliards
de fois la masse de notre soleil,
00:57
these galactic black holes
are devouring material,
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ces trous noirs galactiques dévorent
la matière
01:00
at a rate of upwards of
1,000 times more
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au rythme de mille fois celui
01:04
than your "average"
supermassive black hole.
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de votre trou noir super-massif
« moyen »
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Rires)
01:09
These two characteristics,
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Ces deux caractéristiques,
01:11
with a few others, make them quasars.
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avec quelques autres, en font des quasars.
01:14
At the same time, the objects I study
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En même temps ces objets de mon étude
01:17
are producing some of the most
powerful particle streams
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produisent quelques uns des
faisceaux de particules les plus puissants
01:20
ever observed.
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jamais observés.
01:21
These narrow streams, called jets,
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Ces flux minces appelés « jets »
01:24
are moving at 99.99 percent
of the speed of light,
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se déplacent à 99,99% de la
vitesse de la lumière
01:29
and are pointed directly at the Earth.
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et se dirigent directement
vers la Terre.
01:33
These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive
and supermassive black holes
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Ces trous noirs hyperactifs et supermassifs
pointant vers la Terre
01:39
are called blazars, or blazing quasars.
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sont appelés blazars [blazing quasar]
— quasar brûlant —
01:43
What makes blazars so special
is that they're some of the universe's
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Ce qui les rends si spéciaux c’est qu’ils
sont des accélérateurs de particules
01:47
most efficient particle accelerators,
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les plus efficaces de l’univers;
01:49
transporting incredible amounts
of energy throughout a galaxy.
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qui transportent une quantité incroyable
d’énergie à travers une galaxie.
01:54
Here, I'm showing an
artist's conception of a blazar.
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Voici une représentation artistique
d’un blazar.
01:57
The dinner plate by which
material falls onto the black hole
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Le plateau par lequel la matière tombe
dans le trou noir
02:00
is called the accretion disc,
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est le disque d’accrétion
02:02
shown here in blue.
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en bleu
02:04
Some of that material is slingshotted
around the black hole
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de la matière peut être accélérée
autour du trou noir
02:07
and accelerated to insanely high speeds
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à une vitesse telle qu’elle peut
02:09
in the jet, shown here in white.
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s’échapper et former un jet
— montré en blanc —
02:11
Although the blazar system is rare,
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Bien qu’un système de blazar soit rare
02:14
the process by which nature
pulls in material via a disk,
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le processus qui permet d'attirer la matière
en disque
02:17
and then flings some of it out via a jet,
is more common.
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et en éjecter une partie sous forme de jet
est plus commune.
02:21
We'll eventually zoom out of
the blazar system
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Nous nous éloignons du système du blazar
02:24
to show its approximate relationship
to the larger galactic context.
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pour le montrer en relation
avec sa galaxie
02:33
Beyond the cosmic accounting
of what goes in to what goes out,
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Au delà de la comptabilité de ce qui est
englouti versus ce qui en sort,
02:38
one of the hot topics in
blazar astrophysics right now
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un des sujets brûlants dans le monde
de l'astrophysique des blazars
02:41
is where the highest-energy
jet emission comes from.
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est de trouver d’où vient le
jet à plus haute énergie
02:45
In this image, I'm interested
in where this white blob forms
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Dans cette image, je m’intéresse
à la provenance de cette bulle blanche
02:48
and if, as a result, there's any
relationship between the jet
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et si, en conséquence, il y a un lien
entre le jet
02:52
and the accretion disc material.
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et le disque d’accrétion.
02:55
Clear answers to this question
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Une réponse claire à cette question
02:57
were almost completely
inaccessible until 2008,
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était presque inaccessible
jusqu’en 2008 quand la NASA
03:00
when NASA launched a new telescope
that better detects gamma ray light --
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à lancé un nouveau télescope
qui détectait mieux les rayons gamma
03:04
that is, light with energies
a million times higher
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— Plutôt la lumière d’une énergie un
million de fois plus puissante
03:07
than your standard x-ray scan.
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que nos scanner rayon-X standards —
03:10
I simultaneously compare variations
between the gamma ray light data
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J’ai comparé les variations entre cette
lumière [gamma]
03:14
and the visible light data from
day to day and year to year,
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et les données en lumière visible
au jour le jour et d’une année à l’autre
03:18
to better localize these gamma ray blobs.
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pour mieux les localiser.
[les bulles blanches]
03:21
My research shows that in some instances,
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Mes recherches montrent que
quelquefois
03:24
these blobs form much closer
to the black hole
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ces bulles se forment beaucoup plus
près du trou noir
03:27
than we initially thought.
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que ce que nous croyions à l’origine
03:29
As we more confidently localize
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Plus nous localisons avec confiance
03:31
where these gamma ray
blobs are forming,
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le point de formation de ces bulles
de rayons gamma
03:34
we can better understand how jets
are being accelerated,
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mieux nous comprenons comment les jets
sont accélérés
03:37
and ultimately reveal
the dynamic processes
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et, à terme, comprendre les
processus dynamiques
03:40
by which some of the most fascinating
objects in our universe are formed.
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qui président à la formation des
objets les plus fascinants de l’univers
03:45
This all started as a love story.
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Cela à commencé par une histoire d’amour.
03:49
And it still is.
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Ce l’est encore.
03:51
This love transformed me from
a curious, stargazing young girl
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Cet amour a transformé une petite fille
curieuse des étoiles
03:55
to a professional astrophysicist,
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en astrophysicienne professionnelle
03:57
hot on the heels of celestial discovery.
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qui talonne les découvertes célestes.
04:00
Who knew that chasing after the universe
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Qui aurait dit que l’observation de l’univers
04:03
would ground me so deeply
to my mission here on Earth.
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m’attacherait si fermement
à ma mission ici sur Terre
04:07
Then again, when do we ever know
where love's first flutter
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Que savons-nous où nos premières amours
04:10
will truly take us.
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nous amèneront.
04:11
Thank you.
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Merci
04:13
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
Translated by Serge Brosseau

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jedidah Isler - Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies.

Why you should listen

Jedidah Isler has been staring at the stars since she was 11 or 12. But because neither her undergraduate college or the university where she got her first master’s degree offered astronomy majors, she threw herself wholeheartedly into physics. It wasn’t until she entered a doctoral program that she was able to dedicate her time to the studying the night sky. In 2014, she became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale.

Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies, some of which emit powerful streams of particles. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe. Isler is a Chancellor’s Faculty Fellow in Physics at Syracuse University. She participates in the Future Faculty Leader program at Harvard's Center for Astrophysics and was named a 2015 TED Fellow.

Isler is also interested in breaking down barriers that prevent many students — especially women of color — from becoming scienists. She works to make STEM accessible to new communities. 

More profile about the speaker
Jedidah Isler | Speaker | TED.com

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