TEDxRotterdam 2010
Bart Weetjens: How I taught rats to sniff out land mines
Bart Weetjens: Kako sam naučio štakore da nanjuše nagazne mine
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
610,956 views
Na TEDxRotterdam, Bart Weetjens govori o svom posebnom projektu: treniranju štakora da nanjuše nagazne mine. Pokazuje isječke svojih 'herojskih štakora' u akciji, i prikazuje sljedeću fazu svog rada: da ih nauči otkriti tuberkulozu u laboratoriju
Bart Weetjens - Product developer
The founder of Apopo, Bart Weetjens, is training rats to detect landmine explosives in minute amounts. Full bio
The founder of Apopo, Bart Weetjens, is training rats to detect landmine explosives in minute amounts. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm here today to share with you
0
1000
2000
Danas sam ovdje s vama kako bih podijelio
00:18
an extraordinary journey --
1
3000
2000
jedno izvandredno putovanje --
00:20
extraordinarily rewarding journey, actually --
2
5000
3000
putovanje za izvanrednom nagradom zapravo --
00:23
which brought me into
3
8000
2000
koje me dovelo do
00:25
training rats
4
10000
2000
treniranja štakora
00:27
to save human lives
5
12000
2000
koji spašavaju ljudske živote
00:29
by detecting landmines
6
14000
2000
otkrivajući mine
00:31
and tuberculosis.
7
16000
2000
i tuberkulozu.
00:33
As a child, I had two passions.
8
18000
3000
Kao dijete, imao sam dvije strasti.
00:36
One was a passion for rodents.
9
21000
3000
Jedna je bila strast za glodavcima.
00:39
I had all kinds of rats,
10
24000
2000
Imao sam sve vrste štakora,
00:41
mice, hamsters,
11
26000
2000
miševe, hrčke,
00:43
gerbils, squirrels.
12
28000
2000
zamorce, vjeverice.
00:45
You name it, I bred it, and I sold them to pet shops.
13
30000
3000
Što god možete zamisliti, ja sam uzgajao i prodavao trgovinama kućnih ljubimaca.
00:48
(Laughter)
14
33000
2000
(Smijeh)
00:50
I also had a passion for Africa.
15
35000
3000
Također sam bio strastven za Afrikom.
00:53
Growing up in a multicultural environment,
16
38000
2000
Odrastajući u multikulturalnom okruženju,
00:55
we had African students in the house,
17
40000
2000
imali smo afričke studente u kući,
00:57
and I learned about their stories,
18
42000
2000
i učio sam o njihovim pričama,
00:59
so different backgrounds,
19
44000
2000
različitim pozadinama,
01:01
dependency on imported know-how,
20
46000
3000
ovisnosti o uvezenim tehnologijama i spoznajama,
01:04
goods, services,
21
49000
2000
dobrima, uslugama,
01:06
exuberant cultural diversity.
22
51000
3000
bujnim kulturalnim razlikama.
01:09
Africa was truly fascinating for me.
23
54000
2000
Afrika je bila zaista fascinantna za mene.
01:11
I became an industrial engineer,
24
56000
2000
Postao sam industrijski inženjer,
01:13
engineer in product development,
25
58000
2000
inženjer u razvoju proizvoda,
01:15
and I focused on appropriate detection technologies,
26
60000
3000
i usredotočio sam se na prikladne tehnologije uočavanja,
01:18
actually the first appropriate technologies
27
63000
2000
zapravo prve prikladne tehnologije
01:20
for developing countries.
28
65000
3000
za zemlje u razvoju.
01:23
I started working in the industry,
29
68000
2000
Počeo sam raditi u industriji,
01:25
but I wasn't really happy to contribute
30
70000
2000
ali nisam bio zadovoljan doprinoseći
01:27
to a material consumer society
31
72000
3000
materijalističkom konzumerističkom društvu
01:30
in a linear, extracting
32
75000
3000
u linearnom, iskorištavajućem
01:33
and manufacturing mode.
33
78000
2000
i proizvodnom modu.
01:35
I quit my job to focus on the real world problem:
34
80000
2000
Dao sam otkaz na poslu kako bih se usredotočio na stvaran svjetski problem:
01:37
landmines.
35
82000
3000
mine.
01:40
We're talking '95 now.
36
85000
3000
Govorimo o 1995-toj sada.
01:43
Princess Diana is announcing on TV
37
88000
3000
Princeza Diana najavila je na TV-u
01:46
that landmines form a structural barrier
38
91000
2000
kako mine stvaraju strukturnu barijeru
01:48
to any development, which is really true.
39
93000
3000
za bilo kakav razvoj, što je zaista točno.
01:51
As long as these devices are there,
40
96000
2000
Dokle god su te naprave tamo,
01:53
or there is suspicion of landmines,
41
98000
2000
ili postoji sumnja na nagazne mine,
01:55
you can't really enter into the land.
42
100000
2000
ne možete ući u zemlju.
01:57
Actually, there was an appeal worldwide
43
102000
2000
Zapravo, u čitavom svijetu postojao je apel
01:59
for new detectors
44
104000
3000
za nove detektore u
02:02
sustainable in the environments
45
107000
2000
održivim okolišima
02:04
where they're needed to produce,
46
109000
2000
gdje su morali proizvoditi,
02:06
which is mainly in the developing world.
47
111000
2000
a to je uglavnom svijet u razvoju.
02:08
We chose rats.
48
113000
2000
Odabrali smo štakore.
02:10
Why would you choose rats?
49
115000
2000
Zašto bismo odabrali štakore?
02:12
Because, aren't they vermin?
50
117000
2000
Nisu li oni štetočine?
02:14
Well, actually rats are,
51
119000
2000
Zapravo, štakori jesu,
02:16
in contrary to what most people think about them,
52
121000
2000
u suprotnosti s onim što većina ljudi misli o njima,
02:18
rats are highly sociable creatures.
53
123000
4000
štakori su izrazito društvena bića.
02:22
And actually, our product -- what you see here.
54
127000
3000
I zapravo, naš proizvod -- ono što ovdje vidite.
02:25
There's a target somewhere here.
55
130000
2000
Ovdje negdje je meta.
02:27
You see an operator, a trained African
56
132000
2000
Vidite operatera, obučenog Afrikanca
02:29
with his rats in front
57
134000
2000
sa svojim štakorima ispred njega
02:31
who actually are left and right.
58
136000
2000
koji su zapravo lijevo i desno.
02:33
There, the animal finds a mine.
59
138000
2000
Ondje, životinja nalazi minu.
02:35
It scratches on the soil.
60
140000
2000
Grebe po tlu.
02:37
And the animal comes back for a food reward.
61
142000
3000
I životinja se vraća po nagradu u obliku hrane.
02:40
Very, very simple.
62
145000
2000
Vrlo, vrlo jednostavno.
02:42
Very sustainable in this environment.
63
147000
3000
Vrlo održivo u ovom okolišu.
02:45
Here, the animal gets its food reward.
64
150000
3000
Ovdje, životinja dobija hranu kao nagradu.
02:48
And that's how it works.
65
153000
2000
I tako to funkcionira.
02:50
Very, very simple.
66
155000
2000
Vrlo, vrlo jednostavno.
02:52
Now why would you use rats?
67
157000
2000
Dakle, zašto bi koristili štakore?
02:54
Rats have been used since the '50s last century,
68
159000
2000
Štakori se koriste od 50ih godina prošlog stoljeća,
02:56
in all kinds of experiments.
69
161000
3000
u svim vrstama pokusa.
02:59
Rats have more genetic material
70
164000
3000
Štakori imaju više genetskog materijala
03:02
allocated to olfaction
71
167000
2000
alociranog za osjet mirisa
03:04
than any other mammal species.
72
169000
2000
od bilo koje druge vrste sisavaca
03:06
They're extremely sensitive to smell.
73
171000
3000
Ekstremno su osjetljivi na mirise.
03:09
Moreover, they have the mechanisms to map all these smells
74
174000
3000
Štoviše, imaju mehanizme kako bi rasporedili sve te mirise
03:12
and to communicate about it.
75
177000
3000
i komunicirali o njima.
03:15
Now how do we communicate with rats?
76
180000
2000
Ali kako komuniciramo sa štakorima?
03:17
Well don't talk rat,
77
182000
3000
Pa ne pričamo štakorski,
03:20
but we have a clicker,
78
185000
2000
ali imamo kliker,
03:22
a standard method for animal training,
79
187000
2000
standardnu metodu za treniranje životinja,
03:24
which you see there.
80
189000
2000
koju vidite ovdje.
03:26
A clicker, which makes a particular sound
81
191000
3000
Kliker, koji proizvodi određeni zvuk
03:29
with which you can reinforce particular behaviors.
82
194000
3000
s kojim možete potaknuti određena ponašanja.
03:32
First of all, we associate the click sound with a food reward,
83
197000
3000
Kao prvo, asocirajte zvuk klika sa zvukom nagrade hranom,
03:35
which is smashed banana and peanuts together in a syringe.
84
200000
3000
koja je zdrobljena banana i kiki-riki u šprici.
03:39
Once the animal knows click, food,
85
204000
2000
Kada životinja zna klik, hrana,
03:41
click, food, click, food --
86
206000
2000
klik, hrana, klik, hrana --
03:43
so click is food --
87
208000
2000
dakle klik je hrana ---
03:45
we bring it in a cage with a hole,
88
210000
2000
dovodimo ju u kavez s rupom,
03:47
and actually the animal learns
89
212000
2000
i zapravo, životinja uči
03:49
to stick the nose in the hole
90
214000
2000
gurnuti nos kroz rupu
03:51
under which a target scent is placed,
91
216000
2000
ispod koje je ciljani miris postavljen,
03:53
and to do that for five seconds --
92
218000
2000
i da to čini pet sekundi --
03:55
five seconds, which is long for a rat.
93
220000
2000
pet sekundi, što je za štakora dugo.
03:57
Once the animal knows this, we make the task a bit more difficult.
94
222000
3000
Jednom kada životinja ovo zna, otežamo joj zadatak.
04:00
It learns how to find the target smell
95
225000
3000
Uči kako naći ciljani miris
04:03
in a cage with several holes, up to 10 holes.
96
228000
3000
u kavezu s nekoliko rupa, do 10 rupa.
04:06
Then the animal learns
97
231000
2000
Zatim životinja uči
04:08
to walk on a leash in the open
98
233000
2000
šetati na uzici na otvorenom
04:10
and find targets.
99
235000
2000
i nalaziti mete.
04:12
In the next step, animals learn
100
237000
3000
U sljedećim koracima, životinja uči
04:15
to find real mines in real minefields.
101
240000
2000
naći prave mine u minskim poljima.
04:17
They are tested and accredited
102
242000
3000
Oni su testirani i akreditirani
04:20
according to International Mine Action Standards,
103
245000
2000
prema međunarodnim standardima za djelovanje protiv mina,
04:22
just like dogs have to pass a test.
104
247000
3000
baš kao što i psi moraju proći test.
04:25
This consists of 400 square meters.
105
250000
2000
Ovo se sastoji od 400 metara kvadratnih.
04:27
There's a number of mines
106
252000
3000
Postoji određeni broj mina
04:30
placed blindly,
107
255000
2000
koje su postavljene nasumice,
04:32
and the team of trainer and their rat
108
257000
3000
i tim trenera i njihovih štakora
04:35
have to find all the targets.
109
260000
3000
moraju pronaći sve mete.
04:39
If the animal does that, it gets a license
110
264000
3000
Ako životinja uspije, dobiva licencu
04:42
as an accredited animal
111
267000
2000
kao akreditirana životinja
04:44
to be operational in the field --
112
269000
2000
za djelovanje u polju --
04:46
just like dogs, by the way.
113
271000
2000
baš poput pasa, usput.
04:48
Maybe one slight difference:
114
273000
2000
Možda jedna mala razlika:
04:50
we can train rats at a fifth of the price
115
275000
3000
štakore možemo trenirati za petinu cijene
04:53
of training the mining dog.
116
278000
2000
po kojoj treniramo psa.
04:55
This is our team in Mozambique:
117
280000
2000
Ovo je naš tim u Mozambiku:
04:57
one Tanzanian trainer,
118
282000
2000
jedan Tanzanijski trener,
04:59
who transfers the skills
119
284000
2000
koji prenosi vještine
05:01
to these three Mozambican fellows.
120
286000
2000
onoj trojici momaka iz Mozambika.
05:03
And you should see the pride in the eyes of these people.
121
288000
3000
I trebate vidjeti ponos u očima ovih ljudi.
05:06
They have a skill,
122
291000
2000
Imaju vještinu,
05:08
which makes them much less dependent
123
293000
2000
koja ih čini puno manje ovisnima
05:10
on foreign aid.
124
295000
2000
o stranoj pomoći.
05:12
Moreover, this small team
125
297000
3000
Štoviše, ovaj mali tim
05:15
together with, of course, you need the heavy vehicles
126
300000
3000
zajedno sa, naravno, trebate teška vozila
05:18
and the manual de-miners to follow-up.
127
303000
3000
i ručne razminiravače koji će uslijediti.
05:21
But with this small investment in a rat capacity,
128
306000
3000
Ali s ovom malom investicijom u kapacitet štakora,
05:24
we have demonstrated in Mozambique
129
309000
3000
demonstrirali smo u Mozambiku
05:27
that we can reduce the cost-price per square meter
130
312000
3000
da možemo smanjiti cijenu koštanja po kvadratnom metru
05:30
up to 60 percent
131
315000
2000
do 60 posto
05:32
of what is currently normal --
132
317000
2000
od onoga što je trenutno standardno --
05:34
two dollars per square meter, we do it at $1.18,
133
319000
2000
dva dolara po kvadratnom metru, mi to radimo za 1,18 dolara,
05:36
and we can still bring that price down.
134
321000
2000
i još možemo spustiti tu cijenu.
05:38
Question of scale.
135
323000
2000
Pitanje obujma,
05:40
If you can bring in more rats,
136
325000
2000
ako možemo dovesti više štakora,
05:42
we can actually make the output even bigger.
137
327000
2000
možemo povećati i sam rezultat.
05:44
We have a demonstration site in Mozambique.
138
329000
3000
Imamo poligon za demonstraciju u Mozambiku.
05:47
Eleven African governments
139
332000
3000
11 afričkih vlada
05:50
have seen that they can become less dependent
140
335000
3000
je vidjelo da mogu postati manje ovisni
05:53
by using this technology.
141
338000
2000
koristeći ovu tehnologiju.
05:55
They have signed the pact for peace
142
340000
2000
Potpisali su pakt za mir
05:57
and treaty in the Great Lakes region,
143
342000
3000
i primirje u regiji Velikih jezera,
06:00
and they endorse hero rats
144
345000
3000
i oni podupiru herojske štakore
06:03
to clear their common borders of landmines.
145
348000
3000
kako bi očistili svoje zajedničke granice od mina.
06:06
But let me bring you to a very different problem.
146
351000
3000
Ali dopustite mi da vas uvedem u potpuno drugačiji problem.
06:09
And there's about 6,000 people last year
147
354000
2000
Postoji 6.000 ljudi koji su prošle godine
06:11
that walked on a landmine,
148
356000
2000
stali na minu,
06:13
but worldwide last year,
149
358000
2000
a širom svijeta,
06:15
almost 1.9 million died from tuberculosis
150
360000
2000
gotovo 1,9 milijuna ljudi umrlo je od tuberkuloze
06:17
as a first cause of infection.
151
362000
3000
kao prvog uzroka infekcije.
06:21
Especially in Africa
152
366000
2000
Posebno u Africi
06:23
where T.B. and HIV are strongly linked,
153
368000
3000
gdje su tuberkuloza i HIV strašno povezani,
06:26
there is a huge common problem.
154
371000
4000
postoji ogroman zajednički problem.
06:31
Microscopy, the standard WHO procedure,
155
376000
3000
Mikroskopija, standardni proces Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije,
06:34
reaches from 40 to 60 percent reliability.
156
379000
3000
dostiže 40 do 60 posto pouzdanosti.
06:38
In Tanzania -- the numbers don't lie --
157
383000
3000
U Tanzaniji -- brojke ne lažu --
06:41
45 percent of people -- T.B. patients --
158
386000
3000
45 posto ljudi -- pacijenata s tuberkulozom --
06:44
get diagnosed with T.B. before they die.
159
389000
3000
se ispravno dijagnosticira prije smrti.
06:48
It means that, if you have T.B.,
160
393000
3000
To znači, da ako imate tuberkulozu,
06:51
you have more chance that you won't be detected,
161
396000
2000
imate veće šanse da se to neće otkriti,
06:53
but will just die from T.B. secondary infections and so on.
162
398000
3000
već ćete samo umrijeti od sekundarnih infekcija i slično tome.
07:00
And if, however,
163
405000
2000
A ako, vam se ipak,
07:02
you are detected very early, diagnosed early,
164
407000
2000
dijagnosticira vrlo rano, uoči rano,
07:04
treatment can start,
165
409000
2000
liječenje može početi,
07:06
and even in HIV-positives, it makes sense.
166
411000
3000
i čak kod HIV pozitivnih, ima smisla.
07:09
You can actually cure T.B.,
167
414000
2000
Možete zapravo izliječiti tuberkulozu,
07:11
even in HIV-positives.
168
416000
3000
čak i kod HIV pozitivnih.
07:14
So in our common language, Dutch,
169
419000
3000
Tako na našem zajedničkom jeziku, nizozemskom,
07:17
the name for T.B.
170
422000
2000
ime za tuberkulozu
07:19
is "tering,"
171
424000
2000
je "tering,"
07:21
which, etymologically,
172
426000
2000
što, etimološki,
07:23
refers to the smell of tar.
173
428000
3000
ukazuje na miris katrana.
07:26
Already the old Chinese
174
431000
2000
Već stari Kinezi
07:28
and the Greek, Hippocrates,
175
433000
3000
i Grci, Hipokrat,
07:31
have actually published,
176
436000
2000
su objavili,
07:33
documented, that T.B. can be diagnosed
177
438000
3000
dokumentirali, da se tuberkulozu može dijagnosticirati
07:36
based on the volatiles
178
441000
2000
po hlapljevinama
07:38
exuding from patients.
179
443000
3000
koje isparavaju iz pacijenta.
07:41
So what we did is we collected some samples --
180
446000
2000
Ono što smo učinili je da smo skupili uzorke --
07:43
just as a way of testing --
181
448000
2000
kao način testiranja --
07:45
from hospitals,
182
450000
2000
iz bolnica,
07:47
trained rats on them
183
452000
3000
trenirali štakore koristeći ih
07:50
and see if this works,
184
455000
2000
i provjerili funkcionira li to,
07:52
and wonder, well,
185
457000
2000
i začudo,
07:54
we can reach 89 percent sensitivity,
186
459000
2000
možemo postići 89 postotnu osjetljivost,
07:56
86 percent specificity
187
461000
2000
86 postotnu specifičnost
07:58
using multiple rats in a row.
188
463000
2000
koristeći više štakora u nizu.
08:00
This is how it works,
189
465000
2000
Evo kako to radi,
08:03
and really, this is a generic technology.
190
468000
3000
i zaista, ovo je osnovna tehnologija.
08:06
We're talking now explosives, tuberculosis,
191
471000
3000
Sada govorimo o eksplozivima, tuberkulozi,
08:09
but can you imagine,
192
474000
2000
ali možete zamisliti,
08:11
you can actually put anything under there.
193
476000
2000
možete bilo što staviti ispod toga.
08:13
So how does it work?
194
478000
2000
Pa kako to radi?
08:15
You have a cassette with 10 samples.
195
480000
2000
Imate spremnik s 10 uzoraka.
08:17
You put these 10 samples at once in the cage.
196
482000
3000
Stavljate tih 10 uzoraka jedan po jedan u kavez.
08:20
An animal only needs two hundredths of a second
197
485000
2000
I životinja treba samo dvije stotinke sekunde
08:22
to discriminate the scent, so it goes extremely fast.
198
487000
3000
da odredi miris, tako da to ide jako brzo.
08:25
Here it's already at the third sample.
199
490000
3000
Sada je već kod trećeg uzorka.
08:28
This is a positive sample.
200
493000
3000
Ovo je pozitivan uzorak.
08:32
It gets a click sound and comes for the food reward.
201
497000
3000
Čuje zvuk klika i dolazi po nagradu u vidu hrane.
08:37
And by doing so, very fast,
202
502000
2000
I čineći to, vrlo brzo,
08:39
we can have like a second-line opinion
203
504000
3000
možemo imati drugo mišljenje
08:42
to see which patients are positive,
204
507000
2000
kako bismo provjerili koji su pacijenti pozitivni,
08:44
which are negative.
205
509000
3000
koji negativni.
08:47
Just as an indication,
206
512000
2000
Samo kao indikacija,
08:49
whereas a microscopist can process
207
514000
2000
gdje mikroskopist može procesuirati
08:51
40 samples in a day,
208
516000
2000
40 uzoraka dnevno,
08:53
a rat can process
209
518000
2000
štakor može procesuirati
08:55
the same amount of samples
210
520000
2000
istu količinu uzoraka
08:57
in seven minutes only.
211
522000
2000
za sedam minuta.
08:59
A cage like this --
212
524000
2000
Ovakav kavez --
09:01
(Applause)
213
526000
5000
(Pljesak)
09:06
A cage like this -- provided that you have rats,
214
531000
3000
Ovakav kavez -- podrazumijevajući da imate štakore,
09:09
and we have now currently
215
534000
2000
a mi sad trenutno
09:11
25 tuberculosis rats --
216
536000
2000
imamo 25 štakora za tuberkulozu --
09:13
a cage like this, operating throughout the day,
217
538000
3000
ovakav kavez, radeći kroz čitav dan,
09:16
can process 1,680 samples.
218
541000
3000
može procesuirati 1.680 uzoraka.
09:21
Can you imagine the potential offspring applications --
219
546000
3000
Možete li zamisliti potencijal primjene --
09:24
environmental detection
220
549000
2000
uočavanje u okolišu
09:26
of pollutants in soils,
221
551000
2000
onečišćivača u tlu,
09:28
customs applications,
222
553000
2000
primjena na carinama,
09:30
detection of illicit goods in containers and so on.
223
555000
3000
uočavanje nezakonith proizvoda u kontejnerima i tako dalje.
09:34
But let's stick first to tuberculosis.
224
559000
2000
Ali držimo se prvo tuberkuloze.
09:36
I just want to briefly highlight,
225
561000
2000
Želim samo kratko naglasiti,
09:38
the blue rods
226
563000
2000
plavi štapići
09:40
are the scores of microscopy only
227
565000
2000
su rezultati samo mikroskopije
09:42
at the five clinics in Dar es Salaam
228
567000
3000
u pet klinika u Dar es Salaamu
09:45
on a population of 500,000 people,
229
570000
2000
na populaciji od 500.000 ljudi,
09:47
where 15,000 reported to get a test done.
230
572000
3000
gdje je 15.000 ljudi došlo napraviti testiranje.
09:50
Microscopy for 1,800 patients.
231
575000
3000
Mikroskopija za 1.800 pacijenata.
09:53
And by just presenting the samples once more to the rats
232
578000
4000
I samo prikazivanjem tih uzoraka još jednom štakorima
09:57
and looping those results back,
233
582000
3000
i provjeravajući još jednom rezultate,
10:00
we were able to increase case detection rates
234
585000
2000
povećali smo postotak otkrivanja zaraze
10:02
by over 30 percent.
235
587000
2000
za više od 30 posto.
10:04
Throughout last year,
236
589000
2000
Kroz prošlu godinu,
10:06
we've been -- depending on which intervals you take --
237
591000
2000
bili smo -- ovisno koje intervale uzmete --
10:08
we've been consistently
238
593000
2000
mi smo ustrajno
10:10
increasing case detection rates
239
595000
2000
povećavali postotak otkrivanja zaraze
10:12
in five hospitals in Dar es Salaam
240
597000
2000
u pet bolnica u Dar es Salaamu
10:14
between 30 and 40 percent.
241
599000
3000
za 30 do 40 posto.
10:17
So this is really considerable.
242
602000
2000
Tako da ovo nije zanemarivo.
10:19
Knowing that a missed patient by microscopy
243
604000
2000
Znajući da pacijent koji nije oktriven na mikroskopiji
10:21
infects up to 15 people,
244
606000
2000
zarazi do 15 ljudi,
10:23
healthy people, per year,
245
608000
2000
zdravih ljudi, godišnje,
10:25
you can be sure
246
610000
2000
možete biti sigurni
10:27
that we have saved lots of lives.
247
612000
2000
da smo spasili mnogo života.
10:29
At least our hero rats have saved lots of lives.
248
614000
3000
Barem su naši junački štakori spasili puno života.
10:32
The way forward for us
249
617000
2000
Put za napredak za nas
10:34
is now to standardize this technology.
250
619000
2000
je standardizirati ovu tehnologiju.
10:36
And there are simple things
251
621000
2000
I postoje jednostavne stvari
10:38
like, for instance, we have a small laser in the sniffer hole
252
623000
4000
kao na primjer, imamo mali laser u rupi za njuškanje
10:42
where the animal has to stick for five seconds.
253
627000
2000
gdje životinja mora ostati 5 sekundi.
10:44
So, to standardize this.
254
629000
2000
Dakle, standardizacija ovoga.
10:46
Also, to standardize the pellets,
255
631000
2000
Također, standardizirati granule,
10:48
the food rewards,
256
633000
2000
nagrade u hrani,
10:50
and to semi-automate this
257
635000
2000
i polu automatizirati ovo
10:52
in order to replicate this on a much larger scale
258
637000
3000
kako bismo replicirali to na puno većem obujmu
10:55
and affect the lives of many more people.
259
640000
3000
i utjecali na živote puno više ljudi.
10:58
To conclude, there are also other applications at the horizon.
260
643000
3000
Da zaključim, postoje i druge mogućnosti primjene na obzoru.
11:01
Here is a first prototype
261
646000
2000
Ovo je prvi prototip
11:03
of our camera rat,
262
648000
2000
našeg štakora s kamerom,
11:05
which is a rat with a rat backpack
263
650000
2000
koji je štakor s naprtnjačom
11:07
with a camera that can go under rubble
264
652000
2000
i kamerom koja može ići pod ruševine
11:09
to detect for victims
265
654000
2000
tražeći žrtve
11:11
after earthquake and so on.
266
656000
2000
nakon potresa i tako dalje.
11:13
This is in a prototype stage.
267
658000
2000
Ovo je u fazi prototipa.
11:15
We don't have a working system here yet.
268
660000
2000
Nemamo još funkcionirajući sustav ovdje.
11:18
To conclude, I would actually like to say,
269
663000
3000
Da zaključim, volio bih reći,
11:21
you may think this is about rats, these projects,
270
666000
2000
možete misliti da se u ovim projektima radi o štakorima,
11:23
but in the end it is about people.
271
668000
2000
ali na kraju riječ je o ljudima.
11:25
It is about empowering vulnerable communities
272
670000
2000
Radi se o osnaživanju ranjivih zajednica
11:27
to tackle difficult, expensive
273
672000
3000
kako bi se nosili s teškim, skupim
11:30
and dangerous humanitarian detection tasks,
274
675000
3000
i opasnim humanitarnim zadacima uočavanja,
11:33
and doing that with a local resource,
275
678000
3000
i to na način da koriste lokalni resurs,
11:36
plenty available.
276
681000
2000
koji je lako dostupan.
11:38
So something completely different
277
683000
3000
Dakle nešto potupno drugačije
11:41
is to keep on challenging your perception
278
686000
3000
kako bi bilo stalni izazov vašoj percepciji
11:44
about the resources surrounding you,
279
689000
3000
resursa koji vas okružuju,
11:47
whether they are environmental,
280
692000
3000
bilo da su u okolišu,
11:50
technological, animal, or human.
281
695000
3000
tehnologiji, životinjama, ili ljudima.
11:55
And to respectfully harmonize with them
282
700000
3000
i da ih s poštovanjem uskladimo s našim životima
11:58
in order to foster a sustainable work.
283
703000
3000
kako bismo prihvatili održivi rad.
12:01
Thank you very much.
284
706000
2000
Hvala vam puno.
12:03
(Applause)
285
708000
2000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bart Weetjens - Product developerThe founder of Apopo, Bart Weetjens, is training rats to detect landmine explosives in minute amounts.
Why you should listen
Dutch product designer Bart Weetjens works with locals in Morogoro, Tanzania, to trains rats to do something astonishing: sniff out land mines. (The African giant pouched rat, the species used in the project, is widespread in the region.) The rats that pass the training -- and the same rigorous testing applied to land mine-sniffing canines -- become what Weetjens calls "HeroRATS."
Weetjens and Apopo.org are now applying a similar approach to other fields, training rats to diagnose tuberculosis in hospitals.
Bart Weetjens | Speaker | TED.com