TED@Bangalore
Arunachalam Muruganantham: How I started a sanitary napkin revolution!
Arunachalam Muruganantham: Kako sam započeo revoluciju higijenskih uložaka!
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
1,692,692 views
Kada je shvatio da njegova žena mora birati izmedu obroka za obitelj i osobnih mjesečnih "zaliha", Arunachalam Muruganantham se zakleo da će joj pomoći riješiti problem higijenskih uložaka. Njegovo je istraživanje postalo vrlo, vrlo osobno -- i odvelo ga do moćnog poslovnog modela. (Snimljeno u Bangaloru kao dio TED-ove globalne potrage za talentima)
Arunachalam Muruganantham - Inventor
Arunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene. Full bio
Arunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
So I tried to do a small good thing for my wife.
0
1332
4085
Pokušao sam učiniti nešto dobro za svoju ženu.
00:21
It makes me to stand here,
1
5417
2362
Zbog toga sada ovdje stojim,
00:23
the fame, the money I got out of it.
2
7779
2654
iz toga su proizašli slava i novac.
00:26
So what I did, I'd gone back to my early marriage days.
3
10433
3533
Kako bih objasnio ono što sam učinio, moram se vratiti u početke svog bračnog života
00:29
What you did in the early marriage days,
4
13966
1929
ono što pokušavamo učiniti u tim danima
00:31
you tried to impress your wife. I did the same.
5
15895
2819
jest zadiviti svoju suprugu. To sam ja i činio.
00:34
On that occasion, I found my wife
6
18714
2835
Jednom prilikom, zatekao sam suprugu
00:37
carrying something like this.
7
21549
2171
kako nosi nešto poput ovoga
00:39
I saw. "What is that?" I asked.
8
23720
2240
Zinuo sam. "Što je ovo?" upitao sam
00:41
My wife replied, "None of your business."
9
25960
3269
Ona je odgovorila "To se tebe ne tiče"
00:45
Then, being her husband, I ran behind her
10
29229
2091
Zatim, budući da sam njezin suprug, pratio sam je trčeći
00:47
and saw she had a nasty rag cloth.
11
31320
1536
i shvatio sam kako drži prljavu staru krpu
00:48
I don't even use that cloth to clean my two-wheeler.
12
32856
2968
Takvu krpu ne koristim niti za čišćenje svog motora
00:51
Then I understood this -- adapting that unhygienic method
13
35824
2802
Potom sam shvatio -- ona primjenjuje tu nehigijensku metodu
00:54
to manage her period days.
14
38626
2301
kako bi prebrodila svoj menstrualni ciklus
00:56
Then I immediately asked her, why are you [using] that unhygienic method?
15
40927
1785
Zatim sam je upitao, zašto primjenjuješ tako nehigijensku metodu?
00:58
She replied, I also know about [sanitary pads],
16
42712
3538
Odgovorila je, čula sam za uloške
01:02
but myself and my sisters, if they start using that,
17
46250
3075
no ako ih moje sestre i ja počnemo koristiti
01:05
we have to cut our family milk budget.
18
49325
2584
nećemo si moći priuštiti mlijeko
01:07
Then I was shocked. What is the connection between
19
51909
1319
To me je šokiralo. Koja je poveznica između
01:09
using a sanitary pad and a milk budget?
20
53228
1465
korištenja uložaka i kupnje mlijeka ?
01:10
And it's called affordability.
21
54693
2490
Ta poveznica jest priuštivost.
01:13
I tried to impress my new wife by offering her a packet of sanitary pads.
22
57183
4322
Pokušao sam zadiviti suprugu nudeći joj paket higijenskih uložaka.
01:17
I went to a local shop, I tried to buy her a sanitary pad packet.
23
61505
3161
Otišao sam u mjesnu trgovinu s ciljem da kupim paket higijenskih uložaka
01:20
That fellow looks left and right,
24
64666
1593
Prodavač je pogledao lijevo pa desno ,
01:22
and spreads a newspaper, rolls it into the newspaper,
25
66259
2441
otvorio novine, a zatim paket zamotao u novine
01:24
gives it to me like a banned item, something like that.
26
68700
3784
dajući mi ih poput kakvog zabranjenog predmeta, nešto poput toga
01:28
I don't know why. I did not ask for a condom.
27
72484
3799
Ne shvaćam zašto. Nisam tražio prezervative
01:32
Then I took that pad. I want to see that. What is inside it?
28
76283
4121
Zatim sam uzeo uloške. Htio sam ih vidjeti. Što je unutra?
01:36
The very first time, at the age of 29,
29
80404
3955
Prvi puta u životu, u dobi od 29 godina
01:40
that day I am touching the sanitary pad, first ever.
30
84359
2075
toga sam dana dodirnuo higijenski uložak, prvi put ikada.
01:42
I must know: How many of the guys here have touched a sanitary pad?
31
86434
5060
Moram znati: Koliko je muškaraca ovdje dotaknulo higijenski uložak?
01:47
They are not going to touch that, because it's not your matter.
32
91494
4640
Oni neće to dirati, jer to nije njihov problem.
01:52
Then I thought to myself, white substance, made of cotton --
33
96134
3228
Onda pomislih, bijeli materijal, načinjen od pamuka --
01:55
oh my God, that guy is just using a penny value of raw material --
34
99362
3341
o moj Bože, taj čovjek sirov materijal u vrijednosti jednog penija
01:58
inside they are selling for pounds, dollars.
35
102703
2554
prodaje za dolare i funte
02:01
Why not make a local sanitary pad for my new wife?
36
105257
4814
Zašto ne bih napravio vlastiti higijenski uložak za svoju suprugu?
02:05
That's how all this started, but after making a sanitary pad,
37
110071
3009
Tako je sve započelo, no nakon što izradim higijenski uložak,
02:08
where can I check it?
38
113080
1396
gdje mogu provjeriti njegovu funkcionalnost ?
02:10
It's not like I can just check it in the lab.
39
114476
3226
Nije baš da imam pristup laboratoriju
02:13
I need a woman volunteer. Where can I get one in India?
40
117702
2950
Trebam ženskog dobrovoljca. Gdje ga mogu pronaći u Indiji?
02:16
Even in Bangalore you won't get [one], in India.
41
120652
3580
U Indiji, čak ni u Bangaloru ga ne možete pronaći.
02:20
So only problem: the only available victim is my wife.
42
124232
5404
Dakle jedini problem jest: jedina dostupna žrtva je moja supruga.
02:25
Then I made a sanitary pad and handed it to Shanti -- my wife's name is Shanti.
43
129636
4600
Tada sam izradio higijenski uložak i predao ga Shanti -- moja žena se zove Shanti.
02:30
"Close your eyes. Whatever I give,
44
134236
1304
"Zatvori oči. Što god da ti poklonim,
02:31
it will be not a diamond pendant
45
135540
1612
to neće biti dijamantni privjesak
02:33
not a diamond ring, even a chocolate,
46
137152
1549
niti dijamantni prsten, čak niti čokolada
02:34
I will give you a surprise with a lot of tinsel paper rolled up with it.
47
138701
3504
Dat ću ti iznenađenje zamotano u blistavi papir
02:38
Close your eyes."
48
142205
1951
Zatvori oči."
02:40
Because I tried to make it intimate.
49
144156
3074
Pokušao sam ostvariti intiman ugođaj
02:43
Because it's an arranged marriage, not a love marriage.
50
147230
3211
jer je naš brak dogovoren brak, ne brak iz ljubavi.
02:46
(Laughter)
51
150441
2519
(Smijeh)
02:48
So one day she said, openly, I'm not going to support this research.
52
152960
3579
Zatim mi je jednog dana otvoreno rekla, neću poduprijeti ovo istraživanje
02:52
Then other victims, they got into my sisters.
53
156539
3116
A zatim i druge žrtve, pridobili su i moje sestre.
02:55
But even sisters, wives, they're not ready to support in the research.
54
159655
3397
No čak niti sestre, supruge, nisu bile spremne poduprijeti istraživanje.
02:58
That's why I am always jealous with the saints in India.
55
163052
3042
Zbog toga sam uvijek ljubomoran na svece u Indiji.
03:01
They are having a lot of women volunteers around them.
56
166094
3559
Oni su uvijek okruženi mnoštvom žena dobrovoljaca.
03:05
Why I am not getting [any]?
57
169653
1696
Zašto ih ja ne mogu pridobiti?
03:07
You know, without them even calling, they'll get a lot of women volunteers.
58
171349
8088
Znate, čak i kada ih ne zovu, dobit će mnoštvo ženskih dobrovoljaca.
03:15
Then I used, tried to use the medical college girls.
59
179437
3083
Tada sam za pomoć upitao studentice medicine-
03:18
They also refused. Finally, I decide,
60
182520
2609
ali i one su me odbile. Konačno, odlučio sam
03:21
use sanitary pad myself.
61
185129
2851
primijeniti higijenske uloške na sebi.
03:23
Now I am having a title like
62
187980
2131
Sada vidim naslovnicu
03:26
the first man to set foot on the moon.
63
190111
4177
prvi čovjek koji je kročio mjesecom.
03:30
Armstrong. Then Tenzing [and] Hillary, in Everest,
64
194288
3168
Armostrog. Zatim Tenzing i Hillary, prvi koji su osvojili Everest
03:33
like that Muruganantham is the first man
65
197456
1889
poput njih, Muruganantham je prvi čovjek
03:35
wore a sanitary pad across the globe.
66
199345
3912
koji je koristio higijenski uložak na čitavoj Zemlji.
03:39
I wore a sanitary pad. I filled animal blood in a football bottle,
67
203257
3264
Nosio sam higijenski uložak. Napunio sam bočicu životinjskom krvlju,
03:42
I tied it up here, there is a tube going into my panties,
68
206521
2686
svezao je ovdje, ondje je cijev koja završava u mojim gaćicama
03:45
while I'm walking, while I'm cycling, I made a press,
69
209207
2624
hodajući, vozeći se na biciklu, stvarao sam pritisak
03:47
doses of blood will go there.
70
211831
2316
određena količina krvi odlazi ondje.
03:50
That makes me bow down to any woman in front of me
71
214147
4028
Radi ovoga naklanjam se svim ženama
03:54
to give full respect. That five days I'll never forget --
72
218175
2978
kako bih im iskazao puno poštovanje. Tih pet dana nikada neću zaboraviti--
03:57
the messy days, the lousy days, that wetness.
73
221153
2656
neuredni dani, prljavi dani, ta vlažnost.
03:59
My God, it's unbelievable.
74
223809
5654
Moj Bože, to je nevjerojatno.
04:05
But here the problem is, one company is making napkin
75
229463
4761
Ali problem je u ovome, jedna tvornica prozvodi uložak
04:10
out of cotton. It is working well.
76
234224
2416
od pamuka koji je funkcionalan.
04:12
But I am also trying to make sanitary pad with the good cotton. It's not working.
77
236640
3008
Ali ja takoder pokušavam izraditi higijenski uložak od kvalitetnog pamuka, ali uložak nije funkcionalan.
04:15
That makes me to want to refuse to continue this research and research and research.
78
239648
3584
Zbog ovoga sam poželio odustati od nastavka tog istraživanja i istraživanja i istraživanja.
04:19
You need first funds.
79
243232
1701
Trebate početni kapital.
04:20
Not only financial crises, but because of the sanitary pad research,
80
244933
3318
Ne samo poradi financijske krize, već i zbog istraživanja higijenskih uložaka,
04:24
I come through all sorts of problems, including
81
248251
3716
naišao sam na čitav niz problema, uključujući
04:27
a divorce notice from my wife.
82
251967
2403
zahtjev za rastavom braka od supruge.
04:30
Why is this? I used medical college girls.
83
254370
3095
Zašto? Pomagale su mi studentice medicine.
04:33
She suspects I am using as a trump card
84
257465
2854
Ona sumnja da koristim istraživanje kao paravan
04:36
to run behind medical college girls.
85
260319
2456
za zavođenje studentica medicine.
04:38
Finally, I came to know it is a special cellulose
86
262775
3243
Konačno, shvatio sam da se radi o posebnoj celulozi
04:41
derived from a pinewood, but even after that,
87
266018
2408
dobivenoj iz stabla bora, no čak i nakon ovoga,
04:44
you need a multimillion-dollar plant like this
88
268426
2002
trebate multimilijunsko postrojenje poput ovoga
04:46
to process that material. Again, a stop-up.
89
270428
3362
za preradu tog materijala. Ponovno, nova prepreka.
04:49
Then I spend another four years to create my own
90
273790
3760
Sljedeće četiri godine proveo sam stvarajući vlastiti
04:53
machine tools, a simple machine tool like this.
91
277552
2663
uređaj, jednostavan uređaj poput ovoga.
04:56
In this machine, any rural woman can apply the same
92
280215
3244
Koristeći ovaj uređaj, bilo koja seoska žena može iskoristiti
04:59
raw materials that they are processing in the multinational plant,
93
283459
2844
iste sirove materijale koji se prerađuju u multinacionalnim postrojenjima,
05:02
anyone can make a world-class napkin at your dining hall.
94
286303
3692
Bilo tko može prirediti ubrus svjetske klase u svojoj blagovaonici.
05:05
That is my invention.
95
289995
3217
Ovo je moj izum.
05:09
So after that, what I did,
96
293212
2723
No nakon ovoga, što sam učinio
05:11
usually if anyone got a patent or an invention,
97
295935
3463
Obično kada netko ostvari patent ili izum
05:15
immediately you want to make, convert into this.
98
299398
3543
odmah želi prihodovati, pretvoriti ga u ovo.
05:18
I never did this. I dropped it just like this,
99
302941
3050
No ja to nisam učinio. Odustao sam od toga baš ovako,
05:21
because you do this, if anyone runs after money,
100
305991
3584
jer ukoliko to učiniš, trčeći za novcem
05:25
their life will not [have] any beauty. It is boredom.
101
309575
3717
tvoj život gubi ljepotu. Postane dosadan.
05:29
A lot of people making a lot of money, billion,
102
313292
2011
Mnogo ljudi zarađuje velike svote novca, milijarde,
05:31
billions of dollars accumulating.
103
315303
2154
akumuliraju milijarde dolara.
05:33
Why are they coming for, finally, for philanthropy?
104
317457
2246
Koji je njihov cilj, filantropija?
05:35
Why the need for accumulating money, then doing philanthropy?
105
319703
3517
Zašto je potrebno prvo nakupiti novac, a tek potom postati filantrop?
05:39
What if one decided to start philanthropy from the day one?
106
323220
3309
Što ako netko odluči biti filantropom od prvog dana?
05:42
That's why I am giving this machine
107
326529
3548
Zato poklanjam ovaj uređaj
05:45
only in rural India, for rural women, because in India,
108
330077
3938
samo u Indiji, seoskim ženama, jer u Indiji
05:49
[you'll be] surprised, only two percent of women
109
334015
2476
bit ćete iznenađeni, samo 2% žena
05:52
are using sanitary pads. The rest, they're using a rag cloth,
110
336491
3341
koristi higijenske uloške. Ostatak koristi grube krpe,
05:55
a leaf, husk, [saw] dust, everything except sanitary pads.
111
339832
3860
list, ljuske, piljevinu, sve osim higijenskih uložaka.
05:59
It is the same in the 21st century. That's why I am going
112
343692
2387
Stanje je isto i u 21. stoljeću. Zbog toga sam odlučio
06:01
to decide to give this machine only for poor women across India.
113
346079
3541
pokloniti ovaj uređaj samo siromašnim ženama diljem Indije.
06:05
So far, 630 installations happened in 23 states
114
349620
3381
Dosada je poklonjeno 630 uređaja u 23 države
06:08
in six other countries.
115
353001
2636
u šest drugih zemalja.
06:11
Now I'm on my seventh year sustaining against
116
355637
4482
Ovo je sedma godina kako se odupirem
06:16
multinational, transnational giants -- makes all MBA students a question mark.
117
360119
5018
multinacionalnim korporacijama -- zbog toga se svi studenti poslovne ekonomije pitaju:
06:21
A school dropout from Coimbatore, how he is able to sustaining?
118
365137
3285
Čovjek koji je odustao od školovanja, kako se može odupirati?
06:24
That makes me a visiting professor and guest lecturer in all IIMs.
119
368422
6100
Zbog toga sam gostujući profesor i predavač u Indijskoj školi menadžmenta.
06:30
(Applause)
120
374522
5163
(Pljesak)
06:35
Play video one.
121
379685
2845
Pokreni prvi video.
06:38
(Video) Arunachalam Muruganantham: The thing I saw in my wife's hand, "Why are you using that nasty cloth?"
122
382530
5172
(Video) Arunachalam Muruganantham: Stvar koju sam ugledao u rukama supruge, "Zašto koristiš tu prljavu krpu?"
06:43
She replied immediately, "I know about napkins, but if I start
123
387702
4313
Odmah je odgovorila, " Čula sam za uloške, no ukoliko ih počnem
06:47
using napkins, then we have to cut our family milk budget."
124
392015
3899
koristiti, nećemo biti u mogućnosti priuštiti si mlijeko."
06:51
Why not make myself a low-cost napkin?
125
395914
4421
Zašto ne izraditi vlastiti, jeftini uložak?
06:56
So I decided I'm going to sell this new machine
126
400335
2781
Stoga sam odlučio prodati ovaj novi uredaj
06:59
only for Women Self Help Groups.
127
403116
2082
samo za udrugama za pomoć ženama.
07:05
That is my idea.
128
409976
3206
To je moja ideja.
07:10
AM: And previously, you need a multimillion investment
129
414429
4715
AM: Prije je bilo neophodno multimilijunsko ulaganje
07:15
for machine and all. Now, any rural woman can.
130
419144
3500
u uređaj i ostalo. Danas, svaka žena može proizvoditi vlastite uloške
07:18
They are performing puja.
131
422644
1869
Izvode ritual "Puja"
07:20
(Video): (Singing)
132
424513
17014
(Video): (pjevanje)
07:37
You just think, competing giants,
133
441527
4586
Samo pomislite koliko je teško natjecati se s divovima
07:42
even from Harvard, Oxford, is difficult.
134
446113
1891
čak s Harvarda ili Oxforda.
07:43
I make a rural woman to compete with multinationals.
135
448004
2884
Radi mene ove se seoske žene natječu s mulatinacionalnim korporacijama.
07:46
I'm sustaining on seventh year.
136
450888
1570
Odupirem im se već sedam godina.
07:48
Already 600 installations. What is my mission?
137
452458
2261
Prodano je već 600 uređaja. Što je moja misija?
07:50
I'm going to make India
138
454719
1861
Preobrazit ću Indiju u zemlju
07:52
[into] a 100-percent-sanitary-napkin-using country in my lifetime.
139
456580
4004
stopostotne uporabe higijenskih uložaka tijekom svog života.
07:56
In this way I'm going to provide not less than a million
140
460584
1985
Ovim ću načinom osigurati gotovo milijun
07:58
rural employment that I'm going to create.
141
462569
2058
radnih mjesta.
08:00
That's why I'm not running after this bloody money.
142
464627
3556
Zato ne trčim za prokletim novcem.
08:04
I'm doing something serious.
143
468183
1500
ja radim nešto ozbiljno.
08:05
If you chase a girl, the girl won't like you.
144
469683
4349
Ukoliko trčiš za djevojkom, ona će te odbiti.
08:09
Do your job simply, the girl will chase you.
145
474032
2398
Ako jednostavno radiš svoj posao,
djevojka će trčati za tobom.
djevojka će trčati za tobom.
08:12
Like that, I never chased Mahalakshmi.
146
476430
2351
Slično tome, nikada nisam trčao za Mahalakshmi
08:14
Mahalakshmi is chasing me, I am keeping in the back pocket.
147
478781
4870
Ona je progonila mene, ja sam bio u pozadini.
08:19
Not in front pocket. I'm a back pocket man.
148
483651
4456
Nisam napadan, ja sam covjek u pozadini.
08:24
That's all. A school dropout saw your problem in the society
149
488107
3572
To je sve. Čovjek koji je odustao od škole vidio je problem nekorištenja
08:27
of not using sanitary pad.
150
491679
2032
higijenskih uložaka u društvu.
08:29
I am becoming a solution provider. I'm very happy.
151
493711
2300
Ja nudim rješenje. Veoma sam sretan.
08:31
I don't want to make this as a corporate entity.
152
496011
2843
Ne želim od ovoga stvoriti korporaciju.
08:34
I want to make this as a local sanitary pad movement
153
498854
4003
Želim napraviti lokalni pokret o higijenskim ulošcima
08:38
across the globe. That's why I put all the details
154
502857
2853
diljem svijeta. Zato sam sve detalje
08:41
on public domain like an open software.
155
505710
3364
javno objavio.
08:44
Now 110 countries are accessing it. Okay?
156
509074
4562
Sada im se može pristupiti iz 110 zemalja. U redu?
08:49
So I classify the people into three:
157
513636
4000
Stoga dijelim ljude u tri skupine:
08:53
uneducated, little educated, surplus educated.
158
517636
6922
neobrazovane, malo obrazovane te prekomjerno obrazovane.
09:00
Little educated, done this. Surplus educated,
159
524558
3891
Malo obrazovani čine ovo. Prekomjerni obrazovani,
09:04
what are you going to do for the society?
160
528449
1404
što ćete vi učiniti za društvo?
09:05
Thank you very much. Bye!
161
529853
3767
Puno vam hvala! Pozdrav!
09:09
(Applause)
162
533620
11317
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Arunachalam Muruganantham - InventorArunachalam Muruganantham created a system of simple machines to make modern sanitary napkins -- giving millions of women in his home country and around the world access to hygiene.
Why you should listen
Arunachalam Muruganantham of Jayaashree Industries designed, created, tested and implemented a sanitary napkin-making machine that operates on a small scale.
Contrary to a large-scale production model which requires Rs.3.5 Crores as initial investment, Jayaashree Industries sanitary napkin-making machine can be made available to a buyer for approximately Rs.65,000. This allows smaller players to adopt the business model propagated by him, and thus generates more employment and wealth in the most neglected sections of society. More specifically, an empowerment forum – such as a Self Help Group or a women’s group – can invest in a sanitary napkin-making unit to create a business that employs up to ten women. The new invention is capable of making 120 napkins per hour.
The Jayaashree Industries model helps offer livelihood, hygiene, dignity and empowerment to underprivileged women all over the world. And it does so using a sustainable business framework.
Arunachalam Muruganantham | Speaker | TED.com