ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Stanley McChrystal: Vojni slučaj za dijeljenjem znanja

Filmed:
1,059,925 views

Kad je general Stanley McChrystal započeo borbu s al Qaeda-om 2003., informacije i tajne bile su žila kucavica njegovih operacija. Ali kako je nekonvencionalna borba tekla, on je počeo razmišljati o tome da je kultura držanja važnih informacija kao povjerljivih pogrešno vođena i zapravo kontraproduktivna. U kratkom ali snažnom govoru McChrystal se zalaže za aktivno dijeljenje znanja.
- Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was a youngmladi officerčasnik, they told me
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Kad sam bio mladi časnik, rečeno mi je
00:14
to followslijediti my instinctsinstinkti,
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da slijedim svoje instikte,
00:16
to go with my gutcrijevo,
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da budem hrabar,
00:19
and what I've learnednaučeno
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a ono što sam naučio jest
00:21
is that oftenčesto our instinctsinstinkti are wrongpogrešno.
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da su naši instinkti često u krivu.
00:25
In the summerljeto of 2010,
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U ljeto 2010,
00:28
there was a massivemasivan leakcurenje of classifiedklasificiran documentsdokumenti
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procurio je veliki broj povjerljivih dokumenata
00:32
that camedošao out of the PentagonPentagon.
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iz Pentagona.
00:35
It shockedšokiran the worldsvijet,
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To je šokiralo svijet,
00:36
it shookpotresla up the AmericanAmerički governmentvlada,
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uzdrmalo je američku vladu,
00:38
and it madenapravljen people askpitati a lot of questionspitanja,
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a ljudi su počeli postavljati pitanja,
00:40
because the sheerfin amountiznos of informationinformacija
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jer je sama količina informacija
00:43
that was let out, and the potentialpotencijal impactsutjecaji,
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koja je puštena kao i potencijalni utjecaji,
00:46
were significantznačajan.
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bili značajni.
00:49
And one of the first questionspitanja we askedpitao ourselvessebe
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Jedno od prvih pitanja koje smo si postavili
00:53
was why would a youngmladi soldiervojnik have accesspristup
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je bilo zašto bi mladi vojnik imao pristup
00:56
to that much informationinformacija?
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tako velikom broju informacija?
00:59
Why would we let sensitiveosjetljiv things
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Zašto bismo dopustili osjetljivim materijalima
01:01
be with a relativelyrelativno youngmladi personosoba?
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da budu kod relativno mlade osobe?
01:05
In the summerljeto of 2003, I was assigneddodijeljena to commandnaredba
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U ljeto 2003., bio sam zapovjednik
01:08
a specialposeban operationsoperacije taskzadatak forcesila,
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radne skupine na specijalnom zadatku
01:11
and that taskzadatak forcesila was spreadširenje acrosspreko the MideastMideast
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koja je bila rasprostranjena na Bliskom Istoku
01:13
to fightborba alal QaedaQaede.
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kako bi se borila s al Qaeda-om.
01:15
Our mainglavni effortnapor was insideiznutra IraqIrak,
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Naš najveći napor odnosio se na Irak,
01:18
and our specifiednavedena missionmisija
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i naša posebna misija
01:20
was to defeatporaz alal QaedaQaede in IraqIrak.
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je bila da porazimo al Qaeda-u u Iraku.
01:21
For almostskoro fivepet yearsgodina I stayedostao there,
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Tamo sam ostao gotovo pet godina,
01:25
and we focusedusmjerena on fightingborba a warrat
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i usredotočili smo se na ratovanje
01:26
that was unconventionalnekonvencionalan and it was difficulttežak
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koje je bilo nekonvencionalno i teško
01:31
and it was bloodykrvav
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bilo je i krvavo
01:33
and it oftenčesto claimedje tvrdio its highestnajviši pricecijena
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a najčešće je uzimalo najviši danak
01:36
amongmeđu innocentnevin people.
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među nedužnima.
01:39
We did everything we could
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Učinili smo sve što smo mogli
01:42
to stop alal QaedaQaede
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da zaustavimo al Quaeda-u
01:44
and the foreignstrana fightersborci that
camedošao in as suicidesamoubistvo bombersbombaši
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i strane borce koji
su dolazili kao bombaši samoubojice
01:47
and as accelerantsakceleratori to the violencenasilje.
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i tako pridonosili povećavanju nasilja.
01:52
We honedBrusio our combatborba skillsvještine,
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Usavršavali smo naše borbene vještine,
01:54
we developedrazvijen newnovi equipmentoprema,
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razvili smo novu opremu,
01:57
we parachutedpadobranom, we helicopteredhelicoptered,
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koristili pradobrane i helikoptere,
02:00
we tookuzeo smallmali boatsbrodovi, we drovestado, and we walkedhodao
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uzimali smo malene brodove, vozili i hodali
02:02
to objectivesCiljevi night after night to stop
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prema ciljevima iz noći u noć kako bismo zaustavili
02:05
the killingubijanje that this networkmreža was puttingstavljanje forwardnaprijed.
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ubijanje koje je nametnula ova organizacija.
02:10
We bledBled,
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Krvarili smo,
02:13
we diedumro,
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umirali,
02:14
and we killedubijen to stop that organizationorganizacija
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i ubijali kako bismo spriječili tu organizaciju
02:19
from the violencenasilje that they were puttingstavljanje
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u nasilju kojeg su širili
02:21
largelyu velikoj mjeri againstprotiv the IraqiIrački people.
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uglavnom protiv Iračana.
02:25
Now, we did what we knewznao,
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Naime, radili smo što smo znali,
02:28
how we had grownodrastao up, and
one of the things that we knewznao,
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kako su nas odgojili, i
jedna od stvari koje smo znali,
02:31
that was in our DNADNK, was secrecytajnost.
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koja je postojala u našem DNK, jest bila tajnovitost.
02:34
It was securitysigurnosti. It was protectingzaštitu informationinformacija.
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Bila je sigurnost. Bila je zaštititi informaciju.
02:36
It was the ideaideja that informationinformacija was the lifebloodkrv
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Bila je ideja da je informacija žila kucavica
02:39
and it was what would protectzaštititi and keep people safesef.
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i ono što treba zaštiti kako bi ljudi bili sigurni.
02:42
And we had a senseosjećaj that,
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Imali smo osjećaj za to,
02:44
as we operatedoperiran withinunutar our organizationsorganizacija,
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djelujući u našim organizacijama,
02:46
it was importantvažno to keep informationinformacija
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bilo je važno držati informacije
02:48
in the silossilosi withinunutar the organizationsorganizacija,
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u silosima unutar organizacija,
02:50
particularlynaročito only give informationinformacija
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konkretno, davati ih samo
02:53
to people had a demonstratedpokazao need to know.
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ljudima koji su opravdali svoje zahtjeve za njom.
02:57
But the questionpitanje oftenčesto camedošao, who neededpotreban to know?
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Ali postavljalo se pitanje, tko treba znati?
03:02
Who neededpotreban, who had to have the informationinformacija
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Tko je trebao, tko je morao imati informaciju
03:05
so that they could do the importantvažno
partsdijelovi of the jobposao that you neededpotreban?
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kako bi učinili važne
dijelove posla koji su tebi koristili?
03:09
And in a tightlyčvrsto coupledzajedno worldsvijet,
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A u čvrsto grupiranom svijetu,
03:11
that's very hardteško to predictpredvidjeti.
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to je vrlo teško za predvidjeti.
03:13
It's very hardteško to know who needspotrebe to have informationinformacija
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Vrlo je teško znati tko treba imati informaciju
03:16
and who doesn't.
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a tko ne.
03:18
I used to dealdogovor with intelligenceinteligencija agenciesagencije,
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Nekoć sam imao posla s tajnim službama,
03:20
and I'd complainžaliti se that they weren'tnisu
sharingdijeljenje enoughdovoljno intelligenceinteligencija,
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i žalio bih im se da
ne dijele dovoljno informacija,
03:22
and with a straightravno facelice, they'doni bi
look at me and they'doni bi say,
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i potpuno ozbiljni, oni bi
me pogledali i rekli,
03:24
"What aren'tnisu you gettinguzimajući?" (LaughterSmijeh)
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„Što ne dobivaš?“ (Smijeh)
03:26
I said, "If I knewznao that, we wouldn'tne bi have a problemproblem."
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Rekao sam, „Da to znam, ne bi imali problema.“
03:32
But what we foundpronađeno is we had to changepromijeniti.
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Ali ono što smo shvatili jest da bismo se morali promijeniti.
03:34
We had to changepromijeniti our cultureKultura about informationinformacija.
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Morali bismo promjeniti našu kulturu u odnosu na informacije.
03:36
We had to knockkucati down wallszidovi. We had to sharePodjeli.
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Morali bismo srušiti zidove. Morali bismo dijeliti.
03:38
We had to changepromijeniti from who needspotrebe to know
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Od pretpostavke tko treba znati
03:41
to the factčinjenica that who doesn't know,
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trebali bismo prijeći na to da tko god ne zna,
03:43
and we need to tell, and tell
them as quicklybrzo as we can.
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trebali bismo mu otkriti informaciju
i to što brže moguće.
03:46
It was a significantznačajan cultureKultura shiftsmjena for an organizationorganizacija
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To je bio značajan kulturalni preokret za organizaciju
03:49
that had secrecytajnost in its DNADNK.
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koja je imala tajnovitost u genima.
03:55
We startedpočeo by doing things, by buildingzgrada,
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Počeli smo raditi stvari, graditi,
03:57
not workingrad in officesuredi,
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ne radeći u uredima,
03:59
knockingkuca down wallszidovi, workingrad in things we calledzvao
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rušeći zidove, radeći u kako smo ih zvali
04:00
situationsituacija awarenesssvijest roomssobe,
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sobama za situacijsko osvještavanje,
04:03
and in the summerljeto of 2007,
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a u ljeto 2007,
04:05
something happeneddogodilo whichkoji demonstratedpokazao this.
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dogodilo se nešto što je demonstriralo to.
04:07
We captureduhvaćen the personnelosoblje recordsploče
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Nabavili smo dokumente osoblja
04:09
for the people who were bringingdonošenje foreignstrana fightersborci
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ljudi koji su dovodili strane borce
04:11
into IraqIrak.
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u Irak.
04:13
And when we got the personnelosoblje recordsploče, typicallytipično,
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I kad smo dobili dokumente osoblja, tipično,
04:15
we would have hiddenskriven these,
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sakrili bismo ih,
04:17
sharedpodijeljen them with a fewnekoliko intelligenceinteligencija agenciesagencije,
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podijelili ih s nekoliko tajnih službi,
04:19
and then try to operateraditi with them.
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i onda pokušali djelovati s njima.
04:21
But as I was talkingkoji govori to my intelligenceinteligencija officerčasnik,
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No kako sam pričao sa časnikom svoje službe,
04:23
I said, "What do we do?"
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Pitao sam „Što ćemo učiniti?“
04:24
And he said, "Well, you foundpronađeno them." Our commandnaredba.
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A on je rekao, „Pa, ti si ih pronašao.“
Naše zapovjedništvo.
04:27
"You can just declassifyOmogući objavljivanje them."
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„Ti ih možeš učiniti javnima.“
04:29
And I said, "Well, can we declassifyOmogući objavljivanje them?
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Ja sam pitao, „Dakle, možemo li ih označiti kao javne?
04:31
What if the enemyneprijatelj findsnalazi out?"
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Što ako neprijatelj sazna?“
04:32
And he sayskaže, "They're theirnjihov personnelosoblje recordsploče."
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A on je rekao, „To su dokumenti njihovog osoblja.“
04:34
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
04:36
So we did,
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Stoga i jesmo,
04:37
and a lot of people got upsetuzrujan about that,
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i mnogo ljudi se uznemirilo zbog toga,
04:39
but as we passedprošao that informationinformacija around,
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ali kako se informacija proširila,
04:41
suddenlyiznenada you find that informationinformacija is only of valuevrijednost
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odjednom saznaš da je informacija jedino vrijedna
04:44
if you give it to people who have the abilitysposobnost
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ako je daš ljudima koji su sposobni
04:46
to do something with it.
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učiniti nešto s njom.
04:48
The factčinjenica that I know something has zeronula valuevrijednost
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Činjenica da ja nešto znam nema nikakvu vrijednost
04:50
if I'm not the personosoba who can actuallyzapravo
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ako ja nisam osoba koja zapravo
04:52
make something better because of it.
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može nešto poboljšati uz pomoć toga.
04:54
So as a consequenceposljedica, what we did was
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Ono što smo napravili, za posljedicu je imalo
04:56
we changedpromijenjen the ideaideja of informationinformacija,
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promjenu ideje o informaciji ,
04:59
insteadumjesto of knowledgeznanje is powervlast,
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umjesto „znanje je moć“,
05:01
to one where sharingdijeljenje is powervlast.
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u „dijeljenje je moć“.
05:04
It was the fundamentalosnovni shiftsmjena,
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Bila je to temeljna prekretnica,
05:06
not newnovi tacticstaktika, not newnovi weaponsoružje,
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nikakva nova taktika, nikakva nova oružja,
05:08
not newnovi anything elsedrugo.
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ama baš ništa novo.
05:10
It was the ideaideja that we were now partdio of a teamtim
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Bila je to ideja da smo mi sad dio skupine
05:12
in whichkoji informationinformacija becamepostao the essentialosnovni linkveza
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u kojem je informacija postala osnovna poveznica
05:15
betweenizmeđu us, not a blockblok betweenizmeđu us.
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a ne blokada, između nas.
05:19
And I want everybodysvi to take a deepduboko breathdah
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I želim da svi duboko udahnete
05:22
and let it out,
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i izdahnete,
05:24
because in your life, there's going to be informationinformacija
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jer će u vašem životu, biti informacija
05:26
that leakscuri out you're not going to like.
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koje će procuriti, a vama neće biti drago.
05:28
Somebody'sNetko je going to get my collegekoledž gradesrazreda out,
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Netko će objelodaniti moje ocjene s fakulteta,
05:30
a that's going to be a disasterkatastrofa. (LaughterSmijeh)
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a to bi bila katastrofa. (Smijeh)
05:34
But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that
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Ali to će biti u redu, i reći ću vam
05:38
I am more scaredprestrašen of the bureaucratbirokrat
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da se više bojim birokrata
05:41
that holdsdrži informationinformacija in a deskstol drawercrtač
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koji drži informaciju u ladici
05:43
or in a safesef than I am of someonenetko who leakscuri,
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ili u sefu nego nekoga koji ju otkrije,
05:46
because ultimatelyna kraju, we'lldobro be better off if we sharePodjeli.
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jer na kraju krajeva, bit će nam bolje ako dijelimo.
05:49
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:51
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
05:57
HelenHelen WaltersWalters: So I don't know if
you were here this morningjutro,
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Helen Walters: Ne znam jeste li
bili ovdje jutros,
05:59
if you were ableu stanju to catchulov RickRick LedgettLedgett,
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jeste li uspjeli uhvatiti Ricka Ledgetta,
06:01
the deputyZamjenik directordirektor of the NSANSA
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zamjenika direktora NSA
06:03
who was respondingreagirati to EdwardEdward
Snowden'sSnowden je talk earlierranije this weektjedan.
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koji je odgovarao na govor
Edwarda Snowedena ranije ovog tjedna.
06:07
I just wonderčudo, do you think the AmericanAmerički governmentvlada
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Zanima me, smatrate li da američka vlada
06:09
should give EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden amnestyamnestija?
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treba dati Edwardu amnestiju?
06:12
StanleyStanley McChrystalMcChrystal: I think that
RickRick said something very importantvažno.
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Stanley McChrystal: Mislim da je
Rick rekao nešto vrlo važno.
06:14
We, mostnajviše people, don't know all the factsčinjenicama.
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Mi, većina, ne znamo sve činjenice.
06:17
I think there are two partsdijelovi of this.
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Držim da postoje dvije strane ovoga.
06:18
EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden shinedsjalo a
lightsvjetlo on an importantvažno need
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Edward Snowden bacio je svijetlo
na važnu potrebu
06:22
that people had to understandrazumjeti.
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koju ljudi trebaju razumijeti.
06:23
He alsotakođer tookuzeo a lot of documentsdokumenti that he didn't have
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On je također uzeo mnogo dokumenata za koje nije imao
06:26
the knowledgeznanje to know the importancevažnost of,
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znanja razumijeti njihovu važnost,
06:29
so I think we need to learnnaučiti the factsčinjenicama about this casespis
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stoga mislim da trebamo shvatiti činjenice o ovom slučaju
06:31
before we make snappuckanje judgmentssudovi
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prije nego li brzamo s osudama
06:33
about EdwardEdward SnowdenSnowden.
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o Edwardu Snowdenu.
06:35
HWHW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
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HW: Hvala puno. Hvala vam.
06:37
(ApplausePljesak)
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1918
(Pljesak)
Translated by Senzos Osijek
Reviewed by Ivan Stamenkovic

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com

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