TED2014
Jim Holt: Why does the universe exist?
Jim Holt: Zašto postoji svemir?
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Zašto postoji nešto umjesto ničega? Drugim riječima: Zašto postoji svemir (i zašto smo mi u njemu?) Filozof i pisac Jim Holt na ovo pitanje nudi tri moguća odgovora. Ili četiri. Ili nijedan.
Jim Holt - Writer and philosopher
Why is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask. Full bio
Why is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Why does the universe exist?
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Zašto postoji svemir?
00:15
Why is there — Okay. Okay. (Laughter)
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Zašto postoji — U redu. U redu. (Smijeh)
00:18
This is a cosmic mystery. Be solemn.
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To je kozmički misterij.
Imajte poštovanja.
Imajte poštovanja.
00:21
Why is there a world, why are we in it,
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Zašto postoji svijet, zašto smo mi u njemu
00:25
and why is there something rather than nothing at all?
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te zašto postoji nešto umjesto ničega?
00:27
I mean, this is the super ultimate "why" question?
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Mislim, to je najultimativnije
"zašto" pitanje.
"zašto" pitanje.
00:31
So I'm going to talk about the mystery of existence,
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Govorit ću o misteriju postojanja,
00:34
the puzzle of existence,
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o zagonetki postojanja,
00:35
where we are now in addressing it,
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gdje smo sada u njenom rješavanju
00:38
and why you should care,
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te zašto vam treba biti stalo,
00:40
and I hope you do care.
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i nadam se da vam je stalo.
00:42
The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer said that
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Filozof Arthur Schopenhauer je rekao
00:45
those who don't wonder about
the contingency of their existence,
the contingency of their existence,
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da su oni koji ne propituju
mogućnost svog postojanja,
mogućnost svog postojanja,
00:49
of the contingency of the world's existence,
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ili mogućnost postojanja svijeta,
00:52
are mentally deficient.
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mentalno zaostali.
00:53
That's a little harsh, but still. (Laughter)
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To je malo prestrogo, ali ipak. (Smijeh)
00:57
So this has been called the most sublime
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Ovo se smatra najuzvišenijim
00:59
and awesome mystery,
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i najimpresivnijim misterijem,
01:01
the deepest and most far-reaching question
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najdubljim i najdalekosežnijim pitanjem
01:04
man can pose.
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koje čovjek može postaviti.
01:05
It's obsessed great thinkers.
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Opsjedalo je velike mislioce.
01:07
Ludwig Wittgenstein, perhaps the greatest
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Ludwig Wittgenstein, vjerojatno najveći
01:08
philosopher of the 20th century,
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filozof 20. stoljeća,
01:11
was astonished that there should be a world at all.
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bio je zapanjen time
što svijet uopće postoji.
što svijet uopće postoji.
01:13
He wrote in his "Tractatus," Proposition 4.66,
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Napisao je u svom "Traktatu",
propozicija 4.66,
propozicija 4.66,
01:17
"It is not how things are in the world
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"Nije kakve su stvari na svijetu
01:20
that is the mystical,
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ono što je mistično,
01:21
it's that the world exists."
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već to što svijet postoji."
01:24
And if you don't like taking your epigrams
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Ako vam se ne sviđaju epigrami
01:26
from a philosopher, try a scientist.
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filozofa, pokušajte sa znanstvenicima.
John Archibald Wheeler,
01:29
John Archibald Wheeler, one of the great physicists
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jedan od velikih fizičara 20. stoljeća
01:31
of the 20th century,
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učitelj Richarda Feynmana,
01:33
the teacher of Richard Feynman,
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01:34
the coiner of the term "black hole,"
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autor pojma "crna rupa",
01:37
he said, "I want to know
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rekao je "Želim znati
01:40
how come the quantum,
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odakle kvant,
01:41
how come the universe, how come existence?"
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odakle svemir, odakle postojanje?"
01:44
And my friend Martin Amis —
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I moj prijatelj Martin Amis —
01:46
sorry that I'll be doing a lot of
name-dropping in this talk,
name-dropping in this talk,
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ispričavam se na mnogim prozivanjima
u ovom govoru,
u ovom govoru,
01:49
so get used to it —
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pa se naviknite —
01:50
my dear friend Martin Amis once said
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moj dragi prijatelj Martin Amis
jednom je rekao
jednom je rekao
01:55
that we're about five Einsteins away from answering
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da smo otprilike pet Einsteina od odgovora
01:59
the mystery of where the universe came from.
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na misterij o porijeklu svemira.
02:01
And I've no doubt there are five Einsteins
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A ja ne sumnjam da je ovdje pet Einsteina
02:03
in the audience tonight.
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u publici večeras.
02:05
Any Einsteins? Show of hands? No? No? No?
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Ima li Einsteina? Dignite ruke.
Ne? Ne? Ne?
Ne? Ne? Ne?
02:06
No Einsteins? Okay.
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Nema Einsteina? U redu.
02:08
So this question, why is there
something rather than nothing,
something rather than nothing,
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Dakle to pitanje, zašto postoji
nešto umjesto ničega,
nešto umjesto ničega,
02:12
this sublime question, was posed rather late
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ovo uzvišeno pitanje,
postavljeno je dosta kasno
postavljeno je dosta kasno
02:14
in intellectual history.
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u intelektualnoj povijesti.
02:16
It was towards the end of the 17th century,
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Bilo je to krajem 17. stoljeća,
02:19
the philosopher Leibniz who asked it,
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kada je filozof Leibniz pitao,
02:21
a very smart guy, Leibniz,
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jako pametan čovjek, Leibniz,
02:23
who invented the calculus
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koji je izumio kalkulus
02:25
independently of Isaac Newton,
at about the same time,
at about the same time,
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neovisno o Isaacu Newtonu
u otprilike isto vrijeme,
u otprilike isto vrijeme,
02:28
but for Leibniz, who asked why is
there something rather than nothing,
there something rather than nothing,
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ali za Leibniza koji je pitao
zašto postoji nešto umjesto ničega,
zašto postoji nešto umjesto ničega,
02:31
this was not a great mystery.
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to nije bio velik misterij.
02:33
He either was or pretended to be
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On je ili bio ili se pretvarao da je
02:35
an Orthodox Christian in his metaphysical outlook,
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ortodoksni kršćanin u svom
metafizičkom pogledu
metafizičkom pogledu
02:38
and he said it's obvious why the world exists:
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te je rekao da je očito
zašto svijet postoji:
zašto svijet postoji:
02:41
because God created it.
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jer ga je Bog stvorio.
02:44
And God created, indeed, out of nothing at all.
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I Bog ga je stvorio, uistinu, iz ničega.
02:47
That's how powerful God is.
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Eto kako je Bog moćan.
02:48
He doesn't need any preexisting
materials to fashion a world out of.
materials to fashion a world out of.
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On ne treba nikakve već postojeće
materijale da bi od njih kreirao svijet.
materijale da bi od njih kreirao svijet.
02:52
He can make it out of sheer nothingness,
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On ga može stvoriti iz čiste ništice,
02:54
creation ex nihilo.
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kreacija ex nihilo.
02:56
And by the way, this is what
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I usput,
02:57
most Americans today believe.
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to je ono što danas većina
Amerikanaca vjeruje.
Amerikanaca vjeruje.
03:00
There is no mystery of existence for them.
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Za njih nema misterija postojanja.
03:01
God made it.
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Bog ga je stvorio.
03:03
So let's put this in an equation.
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Pa stavimo to u jednadžbu.
03:05
I don't have any slides so
I'm going to mime my visuals,
I'm going to mime my visuals,
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Nemam nikakve slajdove,
pa ću je rukama pokazati,
pa ću je rukama pokazati,
03:08
so use your imaginations.
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pa koristite maštu.
03:09
So it's God + nothing = the world.
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Dakle, Bog + ništa = svijet.
03:15
Okay? Now that's the equation.
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U redu? Dakle, to je jednadžba.
03:19
And so maybe you don't believe in God.
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I tako vi možda ne vjerujete u Boga.
03:20
Maybe you're a scientific atheist
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Možda ste znanstveni ateist
03:22
or an unscientific atheist,
and you don't believe in God,
and you don't believe in God,
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ili neznanstveni ateist,
i ne vjerujete u Boga,
i ne vjerujete u Boga,
03:26
and you're not happy with it.
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i niste sretni s tim.
03:27
By the way, even if we have this equation,
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Usput, čak i ako imamo ovu jednadžbu,
03:30
God + nothing = the world,
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Bog + ništa = svijet,
03:32
there's already a problem:
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već imamo problem:
03:33
Why does God exist?
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Zašto Bog postoji?
03:36
God doesn't exist by logic alone
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Bog ne postoji samo zbog logike stvari,
03:38
unless you believe the ontological argument,
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osim ako ne vjerujete u
ontološki argument,
ontološki argument,
03:40
and I hope you don't, because
it's not a good argument.
it's not a good argument.
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a nadam se da ne vjerujete, jer
to nije dobar argument.
to nije dobar argument.
03:43
So it's conceivable, if God were to exist,
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Stoga možemo zamisliti, ako postoji Bog,
03:46
he might wonder, I'm eternal, I'm all-powerful,
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da se on možda pita:
ja sam vječan, ja sam svemoguć,
ja sam vječan, ja sam svemoguć,
03:49
but where did I come from?
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ali odakle sam ja došao?
03:51
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:54
Whence then am I?
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Odakle sam onda ja?
03:55
God speaks in a more formal English.
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Bog priča malo formalnijim jezikom.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:00
And so one theory is that God was so bored with
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I tako, jedna od teorija jest
da je Bogu dosadilo
da je Bogu dosadilo
04:03
pondering the puzzle of His own existence
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razmišljati o zagonetki
vlastitog postojanja
vlastitog postojanja
04:05
that He created the world just to distract himself.
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da je stvorio svijet
samo da bi si odvukao pažnju.
samo da bi si odvukao pažnju.
04:08
But anyway, let's forget about God.
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Ali kako bilo, zaboravimo na Boga.
04:10
Take God out of the equation: We have
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Izbacimo Boga iz jednadžbe: imamo
04:11
________ + nothing = the world.
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___________ + ništa = svijet.
04:14
Now, if you're a Buddhist,
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Ako ste Budist,
04:16
you might want to stop right there,
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možda se želite ovdje zaustaviti,
04:18
because essentially what you've got is
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jer ono što u biti imate je
04:20
nothing = the world,
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ništa = svijet,
04:22
and by symmetry of identity, that means
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i po simetriji identiteta, to znači da
04:23
the world = nothing. Okay?
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svijet = ništa. U redu?
04:25
And to a Buddhist, the world
is just a whole lot of nothing.
is just a whole lot of nothing.
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A Budistu je svijet
samo jedno veliko ništa.
samo jedno veliko ništa.
04:28
It's just a big cosmic vacuity.
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On je samo jedna velika kozmička praznina.
04:31
And we think there's a lot of something out there
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I mi mislimo da tamo ima puno nečega,
04:33
but that's because we're enslaved by our desires.
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ali to je zato jer smo zarobljeni
vlastitim željama.
vlastitim željama.
04:36
If we let our desires melt away,
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Ako pustimo svoje želje da se otope,
04:39
we'll see the world for what it truly is,
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vidjet ćemo svijet kakvim uistinu jest,
04:42
a vacuity, nothingness,
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praznina, ništavilo,
04:44
and we'll slip into this happy state of nirvana
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i ući ćemo u sretno stanje nirvane
04:46
which has been defined as having
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koje se definira kao
04:48
just enough life to enjoy being dead. (Laughter)
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taman toliko života da uživamo
biti mrtvi. (Smijeh)
biti mrtvi. (Smijeh)
04:51
So that's the Buddhist thinking.
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Dakle, to je budističko razmišljanje.
04:53
But I'm a Westerner, and I'm still concerned
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Ali ja sam zapadnjak
i mene još uvijek brine
i mene još uvijek brine
04:56
with the puzzle of existence, so I've got
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zagonetka postojanja
te imamo
te imamo
04:58
________ + —
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__________ + —
05:00
this is going to get serious in a minute, so —
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ovo će postati ozbiljno za minutu, dakle —
05:02
________ + nothing = the world.
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__________ + ništa = svijet.
05:05
What are we going to put in that blank?
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Što ćemo staviti na tu praznu crtu?
05:06
Well, how about science?
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Pa, što je sa znanošću?
05:08
Science is our best guide to the nature of reality,
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Znanost je naš najbolji vodič
za prirodu stvarnosti,
za prirodu stvarnosti,
05:12
and the most fundamental science is physics.
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a najfundamentalnija znanost je fizika.
05:15
That tells us what naked reality really is,
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Ona nam govori što je gola stvarnost,
05:18
that reveals what I call TAUFOTU,
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ona nam otkriva ono što ja zovem PUNS,
05:20
the True And Ultimate Furniture Of The Universe.
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Pravi i Ultimativni Namještaj Svemira.
05:23
So maybe physics can fill this blank,
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Stoga možda fizika može
popuniti tu prazninu
popuniti tu prazninu
05:26
and indeed, since about the late 1960s or around 1970,
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i zaista, od otprilike kasnih 60-ih
ili oko 1970.,
ili oko 1970.,
05:31
physicists have purported to give
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fizičari su tvrdili da imaju
05:35
a purely scientific explanation of how
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čisto znanstveno objašnjenje toga
05:38
a universe like ours could have popped into existence
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kako je svemir poput našeg mogao nastati
05:41
out of sheer nothingness,
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iz običnog ničega,
05:43
a quantum fluctuation out of the void.
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kvantna fluktuacija iz praznine.
05:46
Stephen Hawking is one of these physicists,
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Stephen Hawking
jedan je od takvih fizičara,
jedan je od takvih fizičara,
05:48
more recently Alex Vilenkin,
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u novije vrijeme Alex Vilenkin,
05:50
and the whole thing has been popularized
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a cijelu stvar je popularizirao
05:52
by another very fine physicist and friend of mine,
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jedan drugi vrlo dobar fizičar
i moj prijatelj,
i moj prijatelj,
05:54
Lawrence Krauss, who wrote a book called
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Lawrence Krauss, koji je napisao knjigu
pod naslovom
pod naslovom
05:57
"A Universe from Nothing,"
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"Svemir iz Ničega",
05:59
and Lawrence thinks that he's given —
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i Lawrence misli da je uspio —
06:01
he's a militant atheist, by the way,
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on je borbeni ateist, usput,
06:03
so he's gotten God out of the picture.
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da je maknuo Boga iz cijele slike.
06:05
The laws of quantum field theory,
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Zakoni kvantne teorije polja,
06:07
the state-of-the-art physics, can show how
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najmodernije fizike, mogu pokazati kako
06:09
out of sheer nothingness,
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iz čistog ništavila,
06:10
no space, no time, no matter, nothing,
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bez prostora, bez vremena,
bez materije, ničega,
bez materije, ničega,
06:12
a little nugget of false vacuum
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mali grumen lažnog vakuuma
06:16
can fluctuate into existence,
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može prijeći u postojanje,
06:18
and then, by the miracle of inflation,
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i zatim, uz čudo inflacije,
06:20
blow up into this huge and variegated cosmos
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eksplodirati u ovaj ogromni
i raznobojni kozmos
i raznobojni kozmos
06:23
we see around us.
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koji vidimo oko nas.
06:25
Okay, this is a really ingenious scenario.
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U redu, ovo je stvarno genijalan scenarij.
06:28
It's very speculative. It's fascinating.
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Jako je spekulativan. Fascinantan je.
06:31
But I've got a big problem with it,
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Ali imam problem s njim,
06:33
and the problem is this:
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a problem je sljedeći:
06:35
It's a pseudo-religious point of view.
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To je pseudo-religiozna točka gledišta.
06:37
Now, Lawrence thinks he's an atheist,
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Naime, Lawrence misli da je ateist,
06:39
but he's still in thrall to a religious worldview.
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ali još uvijek je u ropstvu
vjerskog svjetonazora.
vjerskog svjetonazora.
06:41
He sees physical laws as being like divine commands.
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On vidi zakone fizike
kao božanske zapovijedi.
kao božanske zapovijedi.
06:46
The laws of quantum field theory for him
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Zakoni kvantne teorije polja su njemu
06:48
are like fiat lux, "Let there be light."
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poput fiat lux, "Neka bude svjetlo".
06:51
The laws have some sort of ontological power or clout
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Zakoni imaju neku vrstu
ontološke moći ili snage
ontološke moći ili snage
06:55
that they can form the abyss,
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tako da mogu stvoriti bezdan
06:57
that it's pregnant with being.
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koji može uroditi postojanjem.
06:59
They can call a world into existence out of nothing.
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Oni mogu dozvati svijet
u postojanje iz ničega.
u postojanje iz ničega.
07:02
But that's a very primitive view of what
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410688
1947
Ali to je vrlo primitivan pogled
07:04
a physical law is, right?
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na ono što je zakon fizike, zar ne?
07:06
We know that physical laws are actually
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3255
Mi znamo da su zakoni fizike usvtari
07:09
generalized descriptions of patterns and regularities
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3044
generirani opisima obrazaca i pravilnosti
07:12
in the world.
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1205
u svijetu.
07:13
They don't exist outside the world.
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2373
Oni ne postoje izvan svijeta.
07:15
They don't have any ontic cloud of their own.
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423985
1980
Oni nemaju nikakav vlastiti ontički oblak.
07:17
They can't call a world into existence
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425965
1995
Ne mogu dozvati svijet u postojanje
07:19
out of nothingness.
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iz ničega.
07:21
That's a very primitive view
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1531
To je vrlo primitivan pogled
07:22
of what a scientific law is.
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2184
na ono što je zakon znanosti.
07:24
And if you don't believe me on this,
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1995
I ako mi ne vjerujete,
07:26
listen to Stephen Hawking,
179
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1802
poslušajte Stephena Hawkinga
07:28
who himself put forward a model of the cosmos
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4035
koji je sam predstavio model svemira
07:32
that was self-contained,
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1076
koji je samodostatan,
07:33
didn't require any outside cause, any creator,
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441901
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i nije mu potreban nikakav vanjski uzrok,
nikakav stvoritelj
nikakav stvoritelj
07:37
and after proposing this,
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1728
te nakon njegovog predlaganja,
07:39
Hawking admitted that he was still puzzled.
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2414
Hawking je priznao da je i dalje zbunjen.
07:41
He said, this model is just equations.
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3312
Rekao je da je ovaj model samo
puno jednadžbi.
puno jednadžbi.
07:44
What breathes fire into the equations
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Što udiše život jednadžbama
07:47
and creates a world for them to describe?
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455852
2922
i stvara svijet koji one opisuju?
07:50
He was puzzled by this,
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1133
Bio je zbunjen time,
07:51
so equations themselves can't do the magic,
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3805
jer same jednadžbe nemaju čarobne moći,
07:55
can't resolve the puzzle of existence.
190
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2138
ne mogu riješiti misterij postojanja.
07:57
And besides, even if the laws could do that,
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2913
A usput, čak i kad bi zakoni to mogli,
08:00
why this set of laws?
192
468763
1823
zašto baš ovaj skup zakona?
08:02
Why quantum field theory that describes
193
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2564
Zašto je baš kvantna teorija polja
ta koja opisuje
ta koja opisuje
08:05
a universe with a certain number of forces
194
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1700
svemir s određenim brojem sila
08:06
and particles and so forth?
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1049
i čestica i tako dalje?
08:07
Why not a completely different set of laws?
196
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2291
Zašto ne potpuno drugačiji skup zakona?
08:10
There are many, many mathematically
consistent sets of laws.
consistent sets of laws.
197
478190
3288
Postoji jako puno matematički
konzistentnih skupova zakona.
konzistentnih skupova zakona.
08:13
Why not no laws at all? Why not sheer nothingness?
198
481478
3439
Zašto uopće imamo zakone?
Zašto tu nije čisto ništavilo?
Zašto tu nije čisto ništavilo?
08:16
So this is a problem, believe it or not,
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484917
1732
Tako da je to problem, vjerovali ili ne,
08:18
that reflective physicists really think a lot about,
200
486649
2998
o kojem teoretski fizičari
puno razmišljaju
puno razmišljaju
08:21
and at this point they tend to go metaphysical,
201
489647
3108
te su u ovom trenutku skloni metafizici,
08:24
say, well, maybe the set of laws
202
492755
2215
primjerice, možda je skup zakona
08:26
that describes our universe,
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494970
1247
koji opisuje naš svemir
08:28
it's just one set of laws
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496217
1735
samo jedan skup zakona
08:29
and it describes one part of reality,
205
497952
2036
i opisuje jedan dio realnosti,
08:31
but maybe every consistent set of laws
206
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2796
ali možda svaki konzistentni skup zakona
08:34
describes another part of reality,
207
502784
1786
opisuje drugi dio realnosti,
08:36
and in fact all possible physical worlds
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504570
3933
i možda ustvari svi mogući
fizički svjetovi
fizički svjetovi
08:40
really exist, they're all out there.
209
508503
2451
zapravo postoje, svi su tamo negdje.
08:42
We just see a little tiny part of reality
210
510954
2283
Mi samo vidimo jedan mali dio stvarnosti
08:45
that's described by the laws of quantum field theory,
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513237
2543
koji je opisan zakonima
kvantne teorije polja,
kvantne teorije polja,
08:47
but there are many, many other worlds,
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1732
ali postoji puno, puno drugih svjetova,
08:49
parts of reality that are described
213
517512
1766
dijelova realnosti koji su opisani
08:51
by vastly different theories
214
519278
1957
pomoću znatno drugačijih teorija
08:53
that are different from ours in ways we can't imagine,
215
521235
3016
koje se razlikuju od naših na načine
koje ne možemo zamisliti,
koje ne možemo zamisliti,
08:56
that are inconceivably exotic.
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3745
koji su nezamislivo egzotični.
08:59
Steven Weinberg, the father
217
527996
1737
Steven Weinberg, otac
09:01
of the standard model of particle physics,
218
529733
2441
standardnog modela fizike
elementarnih čestica,
elementarnih čestica,
09:04
has actually flirted with this idea himself,
219
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2826
je zapravo sam koketirao s tom idejom
09:07
that all possible realities actually exist.
220
535000
4243
da sve moguće stvarnosti zapravo postoje.
09:11
Also, a younger physicist, Max Tegmark,
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3089
Također, kao mlađi fizičar, Max Tegmark,
09:14
who believes that all mathematical structures exist,
222
542332
4376
koji vjeruje da
sve matematičke strukture postoje,
sve matematičke strukture postoje,
09:18
and mathematical existence is the same thing
223
546708
2137
a matematičko postojanje je isto što
09:20
as physical existence,
224
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1767
i fizičko postojanje,
09:22
so we have this vastly rich multiverse
225
550612
2318
tako da imamo veoma bogati multiverzum
09:24
that encompasses every logical possibility.
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3441
koji obuhvaća svaku logičku mogućnost.
09:28
Now, in taking this metaphysical way out,
227
556371
3510
Dakle, u prihvaćanju ovog
metafizičkog izlaza,
metafizičkog izlaza,
09:31
these physicists and also philosophers are actually
228
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2272
ovi fizičari, a također i filozofi ustvari
09:34
reaching back to a very old idea
229
562153
2522
posežu za vrlo starom idejom
09:36
that goes back to Plato.
230
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1457
koja potječe od Platona.
09:38
It's the principle of plenitude or fecundity,
231
566132
3198
To je princip punoće ili plodnosti,
09:41
or the great chain of being,
232
569330
1913
ili velikog lanca bića,
09:43
that reality is actually as full as possible.
233
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3867
da je realnost zapravo potpuna
koliko je to moguće.
koliko je to moguće.
09:47
It's as far removed from nothingness
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575110
1701
Toliko je udaljena od ništavila
09:48
as it could possibly be.
235
576811
2895
koliko uopće može biti.
09:51
So we have these two extremes now.
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2494
Tako da sada imamo ova dva ekstrema.
09:54
We have sheer nothingness on one side,
237
582200
3299
Imamo čisto ništavilo na jednom kraju
09:57
and we have this vision of a reality
238
585499
2498
i ovu viziju realnosti
09:59
that encompasses every conceivable world
239
587997
3183
koja obuhvaća svaki zamislivi svijet
10:03
at the other extreme: the fullest possible reality,
240
591180
2729
na drugom kraju ekstrema: najpotpunija
moguća stvarnost,
moguća stvarnost,
10:05
nothingness, the simplest possible reality.
241
593909
2893
ništavilo, najjednostavnija
moguća stvarnost.
moguća stvarnost.
10:08
Now what's in between these two extremes?
242
596802
2879
A što je između ova dva ekstrema?
10:11
There are all kinds of intermediate realities
243
599681
2027
Postoji puno vrsta srednjih stvarnosti
10:13
that include some things and leave out others.
244
601708
2947
koje uključuju neke stvari,
a izostavljaju neke druge.
a izostavljaju neke druge.
Pa je jedna od tih srednjih stvarnosti
10:16
So one of these intermediate realities
245
604655
1596
10:18
is, say, the most mathematically elegant reality,
246
606251
5695
recimo, matematički elegantna stvarnost
koja izostavlja neelegantne djeliće,
10:23
that leaves out the inelegant bits,
247
611946
1675
10:25
the ugly asymmetries and so forth.
248
613621
2646
ružne asimetrije i tako dalje.
10:28
Now, there are some physicists who will tell you
249
616267
2326
No, postoje neki fizičari koji će vam reći
10:30
that we're actually living in the most elegant reality.
250
618593
3634
da zapravo živimo
u najelegantnijoj stvarnosti.
u najelegantnijoj stvarnosti.
10:34
I think that Brian Greene is in the audience,
251
622227
2947
Mislim da je Brian Greene u publici,
10:37
and he has written a book
called "The Elegant Universe."
called "The Elegant Universe."
252
625174
3613
a on je napisao knjigu pod naslovom
"Elegantni Svemir".
"Elegantni Svemir".
10:40
He claims that the universe we live in mathematically
253
628787
2271
On tvrdi da svemir u kojem živimo
matematički
matematički
10:43
is very elegant.
254
631058
1709
je vrlo elegantan.
10:44
Don't believe him. (Laughter)
255
632767
1683
Ne vjerujte mu. (Smijeh)
10:46
It's a pious hope, I wish it were true,
256
634450
3087
To je pobožna nada,
želio bih da je istina,
želio bih da je istina,
10:49
but I think the other day he admitted to me
257
637537
1913
ali mislim da mi je neki dan priznao
10:51
it's really an ugly universe.
258
639450
3064
da je ovo ustvari ružan svemir.
10:54
It's stupidly constructed,
259
642514
1376
Glupo je konstruiran,
10:55
it's got way too many arbitrary coupling constants
260
643890
3254
ima previše proizvoljnih konstanti
10:59
and mass ratios
261
647144
1666
i omjera masa
11:00
and superfluous families of elementary particles,
262
648810
2778
i suvišnih skupina elementarnih čestica,
11:03
and what the hell is dark energy?
263
651588
2148
i kog vraga je tamna energija?
11:05
It's a stick and bubble gum contraption.
264
653736
3399
To je jedna sklepana tvorevina.
11:09
It's not an elegant universe. (Laughter)
265
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4003
Nije to elegantan svemir. (Smijeh)
11:13
And then there's the best of all possible worlds
266
661138
2743
I onda imamo najbolji
od svih mogućih svjetova
od svih mogućih svjetova
11:15
in an ethical sense.
267
663881
1590
u etičkom smislu.
11:17
You should get solemn now,
268
665471
1179
Osjetite svečanost trenutka,
11:18
because a world in which sentient beings
269
666650
3195
jer svijet u kojem razumna bića
11:21
don't suffer needlessly,
270
669845
1620
ne pate bespotrebno,
11:23
in which there aren't things like
271
671465
1869
u kojem nema stvari poput
11:25
childhood cancer or the Holocaust.
272
673334
2215
dječjeg raka ili Holokausta.
11:27
This is an ethical conception.
273
675549
1251
To je etički dizajn.
11:28
Anyway, so between nothingness
274
676800
2065
Kako bilo, dakle između ništavila
11:30
and the fullest possible reality,
275
678865
1633
i najpotpunije moguće stvarnosti,
11:32
various special realities.
276
680498
1545
različite posebne stvarnosti.
11:34
Nothingness is special. It's the simplest.
277
682043
2280
Ništavilo je posebno. Najjednostavnije je.
11:36
Then there's the most elegant possible reality.
278
684323
3510
Pa onda je tu najelegantnija
moguća stvarnost.
moguća stvarnost.
11:39
That's special.
279
687833
1364
To je posebno.
11:41
The fullest possible reality, that's special.
280
689197
2652
Najpotpunija moguća stvarnost,
to je posebno.
to je posebno.
11:43
But what are we leaving out here?
281
691849
1516
Ali što izostavljamo?
11:45
There's also just the crummy,
282
693365
2736
Postoje također i bijedne,
11:48
generic realities
283
696101
1755
generične stvarnosti
11:49
that aren't special in any way,
284
697856
2621
koje ni na koji način nisu posebne
11:52
that are sort of random.
285
700477
1552
na neki način su nasumične.
11:54
They're infinitely removed from nothingness,
286
702029
2727
One su beskrajno udaljene od ništavila,
11:56
but they fall infinitely short of complete fullness.
287
704756
3926
ali su beskrajno udaljene
i od kompletne punoće.
i od kompletne punoće.
12:00
They're a mixture of chaos and order,
288
708682
2520
One su mješavina kaosa i reda,
12:03
of mathematical elegance and ugliness.
289
711202
4198
matematičke elegancije i ružnoće.
12:07
So I would describe these realities
290
715400
1785
Tako da bih ja opisao te stvarnosti
12:09
as an infinite, mediocre, incomplete mess,
291
717185
4127
kao beskrajan, osrednji, nepotpun nered,
12:13
a generic reality, a kind of cosmic junk shot.
292
721312
3380
generička stvarnost,
vrsta kozmičkog smeća.
vrsta kozmičkog smeća.
12:16
And these realities,
293
724692
2184
Ove stvarnosti,
postoji li božanstvo u nekoj
od ovih stvarnosti?
od ovih stvarnosti?
12:18
is there a deity in any of these realities?
294
726876
2266
12:21
Maybe, but the deity isn't perfect
295
729142
2411
Možda, ali to božanstvo nije savršeno
12:23
like the Judeo-Christian deity.
296
731553
2336
kao što je judeokršćansko božanstvo.
12:25
The deity isn't all-good and all-powerful.
297
733889
3307
To božanstvo nije dobrostivo i svemoguće.
12:29
It might be instead 100 percent malevolent
298
737196
3331
Moglo bi ustvari biti 100 posto
zlonamjerno
zlonamjerno
12:32
but only 80 percent effective,
299
740527
2103
ali samo 80 posto uspješno,
12:34
which pretty much describes the world
we see around us, I think. (Laughter)
we see around us, I think. (Laughter)
300
742630
6137
što poprilično opisuje svijet
koji vidimo oko nas, čini mi se. (Smijeh)
koji vidimo oko nas, čini mi se. (Smijeh)
12:40
So I would like to propose that the resolution
301
748767
2732
Pa bih volio predložiti da je rješenje
12:43
to the mystery of existence
302
751499
1836
misterije postojanja
12:45
is that the reality we exist in
303
753335
4090
to da je stvarnost u kojoj postojimo
12:49
is one of these generic realities.
304
757425
2056
jedna od generičnih stvarnosti.
12:51
Reality has to turn out some way.
305
759481
2655
Stvarnost mora poprimiti nekakav oblik.
12:54
It can either turn out to be nothing
306
762136
2070
Može biti ili ništa
12:56
or everything or something in between.
307
764206
3681
ili sve ili nešto između.
12:59
So if it has some special feature,
308
767887
3691
Ako ima nekakvu posebnu značajku,
13:03
like being really elegant or really full
309
771578
2190
da je vrlo elegantna ili vrlo puna
13:05
or really simple, like nothingness,
310
773768
1608
ili vrlo jednostavna, poput ništavila,
13:07
that would require an explanation.
311
775376
1801
to bi zahtijevalo objašnjenje.
13:09
But if it's just one of these random, generic realities,
312
777177
3159
No ako je samo jedna od
generičnih stvarnosti,
generičnih stvarnosti,
13:12
there's no further explanation for it.
313
780336
2150
nema daljnjeg objašnjenja za to.
13:14
And indeed, I would say
314
782486
1384
I doista, rekao bih
13:15
that's the reality we live in.
315
783870
1980
da je to stvarnost u kojoj živimo.
13:17
That's what science is telling us.
316
785850
2257
To je ono što nam znanost govori.
13:20
At the beginning of the week,
317
788107
1331
Na početku tjedna
13:21
we got the exciting information that
318
789438
3116
saznali smo uzbudljivu informaciju
13:24
the theory of inflation, which predicts a big,
319
792554
3139
da je teorija inflacije, koja predviđa
veliku,
veliku,
13:27
infinite, messy, arbitrary, pointless reality,
320
795693
3970
beskrajnu, neurednu, proizvoljnu,
besmislenu stvarnost,
besmislenu stvarnost,
13:31
it's like a big frothing champagne
321
799663
3825
to je kao veliki pjenušavi šampanjac
13:35
coming out of a bottle endlessly,
322
803488
2684
beskonačno cureći iz boce,
13:38
a vast universe, mostly a wasteland
323
806172
2092
prostrani svemir, uglavnom pustoš
13:40
with little pockets of charm and order and peace,
324
808264
4266
s malim džepovima šarma i reda i mira,
13:44
this has been confirmed,
325
812530
2365
to je već potvrđeno,
13:46
this inflationary scenario, by the observations
326
814895
2902
ovaj inflacijski scenarij,
pomoću opservacija
pomoću opservacija
13:49
made by radio telescopes in Antarctica
327
817797
2093
radio teleskopa na Antarktici
13:51
that looked at the signature of the gravitational waves
328
819890
2823
koji su gledali otiske
gravitacijskih valova
gravitacijskih valova
13:54
from just before the Big Bang.
329
822713
1924
neposredno prije Velikog Praska.
13:56
I'm sure you all know about this.
330
824637
1845
Siguran sam da svi znate za ovo.
13:58
So anyway, I think there's some evidence
331
826482
2824
Dakle, u svakom slučaju,
mislim da postoje neki dokazi
mislim da postoje neki dokazi
14:01
that this really is the reality that we're stuck with.
332
829306
3487
da je ovo doista stvarnost
na koju smo osuđeni.
na koju smo osuđeni.
14:04
Now, why should you care?
333
832793
3107
Pa sada, zašto bi vas bilo briga?
14:07
Well — (Laughter) —
334
835900
1236
Pa — (Smijeh) —
14:09
the question, "Why does the world exist?"
335
837136
3424
pitanje "Zašto postoji svijet?"
14:12
that's the cosmic question, it sort of rhymes
336
840560
1679
to je kozmičko pitanje,
na neki način se rimuje
na neki način se rimuje
14:14
with a more intimate question:
337
842239
1454
s jednim intimnijim pitanjem:
14:15
Why do I exist? Why do you exist?
338
843693
3083
Zašto ja postojim? Zašto ti postojiš?
14:18
you know, our existence would
seem to be amazingly improbable,
seem to be amazingly improbable,
339
846776
3600
Znate, naše se postojanje čini
zadivljujuće nevjerojatnim,
zadivljujuće nevjerojatnim,
14:22
because there's an enormous number
of genetically possible humans,
of genetically possible humans,
340
850376
4319
zato jer postoji ogroman broj
genetski mogućih ljudi.
genetski mogućih ljudi.
14:26
if you can compute it by looking at
341
854695
1404
Ako to možete izračunati
14:28
the number of the genes and the
number of alleles and so forth,
number of alleles and so forth,
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gledajući broj gena i broj alela
i tako dalje,
i tako dalje,
14:30
and a back-of-the-envelope calculation will tell you
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brzinska računica pokazat će vam
14:32
there are about 10 to the 10,000th
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da je otprilike 10 na deset tisućitu
14:34
possible humans, genetically.
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broj genetski mogućih ljudi.
14:36
That's between a googol and a googolplex.
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To je između googola i googolplexa.
14:40
And the number of the actual
humans that have existed
humans that have existed
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A broj ljudi koji su do sada postojali
14:41
is 100 billion, maybe 50 billion,
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je 100 milijardi, možda 50 milijardi,
14:44
an infinitesimal fraction, so all of us,
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što je beskrajno malen dio,
tako da smo svi mi
tako da smo svi mi
14:46
we've won this amazing cosmic lottery.
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pobijedili u ovoj nevjerojatnoj
kozmičkoj lutriji.
kozmičkoj lutriji.
14:48
We're here. Okay.
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Ovdje smo. U redu.
14:50
So what kind of reality do we want to live in?
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Dakle, u kakvoj stvarnosti želimo živjeti?
14:53
Do we want to live in a special reality?
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Želimo li živjeti u posebnoj stvarnosti?
14:55
What if we were living in the
most elegant possible reality?
most elegant possible reality?
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Što ako bismo živjeli u najelegantnijoj
mogućoj stvarnosti?
mogućoj stvarnosti?
14:59
Imagine the existential pressure on us
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Zamislite egzistencijalni pritisak na nas
15:02
to live up to that, to be elegant,
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da živimo po tom mjerilu,
da budemo elegantni,
da budemo elegantni,
15:03
not to pull down the tone of it.
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da se tako izrazim.
15:05
Or, what if we were living
in the fullest possible reality?
in the fullest possible reality?
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Ili, što ako bismo živjeli u najpotpunijoj
mogućoj stvarnosti?
mogućoj stvarnosti?
Onda bi naše postojanje bilo garantirano
15:08
Well then our existence would be guaranteed,
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2011
15:10
because every possible thing
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1778
jer svaka moguća stvar
15:12
exists in that reality,
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postoji u toj stvarnosti,
15:14
but our choices would be meaningless.
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ali naši izbori bili bi beznačajni.
15:16
If I really struggle morally and agonize
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Ako vodim moralnu borbu i mučim se
15:19
and I decide to do the right thing,
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te odlučim učiniti ispravnu stvar,
15:21
what difference does it make,
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kakvog to učinka ima
15:22
because there are an infinite number
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2025
budući da postoji beskonačan broj
15:24
of versions of me
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1014
verzija mene
15:25
also doing the right thing
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koji također rade pravu stvar
15:26
and an infinite number doing the wrong thing.
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i beskonačan broj onih
koje rade pogrešnu stvar.
koje rade pogrešnu stvar.
15:28
So my choices are meaningless.
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1840
Dakle, moji izbori su beznačajni.
15:30
So we don't want to live in that special reality.
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2284
Stoga ne želimo živjeti u toj
posebnoj stvarnosti.
posebnoj stvarnosti.
15:32
And as for the special reality of nothingness,
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2587
A što se tiče posebne
stvarnosti ništavila,
stvarnosti ništavila,
15:35
we wouldn't be having this conversation.
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ne bismo imali ovaj razgovor.
15:37
So I think living in a generic reality that's mediocre,
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Tako da mislim da u životu u generičkoj
stvarnosti koja je osrednja,
stvarnosti koja je osrednja,
postoje ružni dijelovi i lijepi dijelovi
15:44
there are nasty bits and nice bits
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932489
1896
15:46
and we could make the nice bits bigger
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1542
i mogli bismo povećati te lijepe dijelove
15:47
and the nasty bits smaller
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2339
a smanjiti one ružne
15:50
and that gives us a kind of purpose in life.
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2891
što nam daje neku svrhu u životu.
15:53
The universe is absurd,
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1406
Svemir je apsurdan,
15:54
but we can still construct a purpose,
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1727
ali i dalje možemo konstruirati svrhu,
15:56
and that's a pretty good one,
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940
a ova je prilično dobra,
15:57
and the overall mediocrity of reality
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2665
i sveukupna osrednjost stvarnosti
15:59
kind of resonates nicely with the mediocrity
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2605
dobro se podudara s osrednjošću
16:02
we all feel in the core of our being.
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2312
koju svi osjećamo u svojoj srži.
16:04
And I know you feel it.
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1634
I znam da to osjećate.
Znam da ste svi vi posebni,
16:06
I know you're all special,
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1104
16:07
but you're still kind of secretly mediocre,
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2322
ali ste ipak nekako potajno osrednji,
zar ne?
16:09
don't you think?
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1389
(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
16:11
(Laughter) (Applause)
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1937
Dakle, mogli biste reći da je
ova zagonetka, misterij postojanja
ova zagonetka, misterij postojanja
16:13
So anyway, you may say, this
puzzle, the mystery of existence,
puzzle, the mystery of existence,
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4052
samo glupo prodavanje tajnovitosti.
16:17
it's just silly mystery-mongering.
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1418
16:18
You're not astonished at the existence of the universe
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3867
Niste zadivljeni postojanjem svemira
i u dobrom ste društvu.
16:22
and you're in good company.
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1635
16:24
Bertrand Russell said,
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2216
Bertrand Russel je rekao
16:26
"I should say the universe is just there, and that's all."
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974386
3655
"Trebao bih samo reći da svemir
jednostavno postoji i to je sve."
jednostavno postoji i to je sve."
16:30
Just a brute fact.
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1401
Samo prosta činjenica.
16:31
And my professor at Columbia, Sidney Morgenbesser,
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2834
Ali moj profesor na Columbiji,
Sidney Morgenbesser,
Sidney Morgenbesser,
16:34
a great philosophical wag,
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1709
veliki filozofski vragolan,
16:35
when I said to him, "Professor Morgenbesser,
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1617
kada sam ga pitao
"Profesore Morgenbesser,
"Profesore Morgenbesser,
16:37
why is there something rather than nothing?"
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2496
zašto postoji nešto umjesto ničega?"
16:40
And he said, "Oh, even if there was nothing,
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2150
On je rekao "Ah, čak i kada
ne bi bilo ničega
ne bi bilo ničega
16:42
you still wouldn't be satisfied."
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1996
i dalje ne bi bio zadovoljan."
16:44
So — (Laughter) — okay.
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3749
Stoga — (Smijeh) — u redu.
16:47
So you're not astonished. I don't care.
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2362
Niste zadivljeni. Nije me briga.
16:50
But I will tell you something to conclude
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Ali reći ću vam nešto za kraj
16:53
that I guarantee you will astonish you,
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što će vas zasigurno zadiviti,
16:55
because it's astonished all of the brilliant,
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2667
jer je zadivilo sve briljantne,
16:58
wonderful people I've met at this TED conference,
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1006273
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predivne ljude koje sam upoznao
na ovoj TED konferenciji
na ovoj TED konferenciji
17:00
when I've told them, and it's this:
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kada sam im rekao, a to je:
17:02
Never in my life have I had a cell phone.
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Nikada u svom životu nisam imao mobitel.
17:07
Thank you.
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Hvala.
17:09
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jim Holt - Writer and philosopherWhy is there something rather than nothing? In his book "Why Does the World Exist?" Jim Holt dares to ask.
Why you should listen
In his 2012 book Why Does the World Exist?: An Existential Detective Story, Jim Holt creates a narrative out of one of the biggest questions we can ask -- and how modern scientists and philosophers are asking it. Can answers be found in many-worlds theory, in quantum mechanics, in a theology? Traveling around North America and Europe, he talks to physicists, including David Deutsch; philosophers, including Richard Swinburne; and the novelist John Updike. Why? Because as he tells Vanity Fair, "To me it’s the most sublime and awesome question in all of philosophy and all of human inquiry."
A longtime contributor to the New York Times, Slate and the New Yorker, Holt has written on string theory, time, infinity, numbers, humor, logic, truth and bullshit, among other topics. Holt studied mathematics at the University of Virginia, and was a faculty fellow in the philosophy department at Columbia. He is now at work on a book about free will, weakness of will, self-knowledge and happiness.
Jim Holt | Speaker | TED.com