Pratik Shah: How AI is making it easier to diagnose disease
プラティック・シャー: AIが病気の診断を簡単にする方法
Dr. Pratik Shah creates novel intersections between engineering, medical imaging, machine learning and medicine. Full bio
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are performing incredible tasks
素晴らしい仕事をしています
using human-like intelligence.
高い精度で処理しています
is often referred to as AI
よく「AI」
on our lives in the future.
素晴らしい影響を及ぼそうとしています
we still face massive challenges
感染症やがんなどの
several life-threatening illnesses,
発見や診断をする際に
due to liver and oral cancer.
亡くなっています
最善の方策は
and diagnoses of these diseases.
行うことです
and can artificial intelligence help?
AIは活用可能でしょうか?
are suspected of these diseases,
病気の疑いがある際には
medical imaging technologies
CTs, MRIs, to be performed.
医用画像技術の使用です
those images and talks to the patient.
患者に診断を告げます
a very resource-intensive process,
膨大なリソースを要します
expensive medical imaging technologies,
for the developing world.
実用的ではありません
industrialized nations, as well.
using artificial intelligence?
解決できるでしょうか?
artificial intelligence architectures
AIの仕組みを使って
of these very expensive medical images
とても高価な医用画像が
to an expert physician,
専門医のところに行き
those images for me.
分析してもらいます
情報を用いて
or a deep learning network
ディープニューラルネットワーク
学習させることができます
intelligence approaches
and expert medical imaging technologies.
専門医用画像技術
intelligence architectures
AIを構築し
problems facing us today?
解決することは可能でしょうか?
what my group at MIT Media Lab does.
私のグループが取り組んでいる内容です
of unorthodox AI architectures
最も重要な課題のいくつかを解決するために
challenges facing us today
AIの仕組みを開発しました
with you today, we had two goals.
2つの目標がありました
the number of images
AIのアルゴリズムの
artificial intelligence algorithms.
枚数を減らすことでした
より野心的で
of expensive medical imaging technologies
高価な医用画像技術の使用を
with tens and thousands
like traditional AI,
取りかかるのではなく
始めることにしました
figured out a very clever way
この画像から 何十億もの
of information packets.
賢い方法を見つけました
included colors, pixels, geometry
色、画素、位置関係—
on the medical image.
病巣をレンダリングしたものです
into billions of training data points,
学習用データへ変換できたことで
needed for training.
大幅減が可能になりました
imaging technologies to screen patients,
高価な医用画像検査の使用を減らすために
white light photograph,
携帯電話で撮影された
or a mobile phone, for the patient.
billions of information packets?
情報パケットを覚えていますか?
the medical image onto this image,
この画像の上に重ね
that we call a composite image.
we only required 50 --
わずか50枚で十分でした
わずか50枚の
our algorithms to high efficiencies.
学習させることができました
very expensive medical images,
使うのではなく
in an unorthodox way,
方法で学習させることが可能になりました
but standard photographs,
携帯電話で撮影した
and mobile phones,
たった50枚あれば
in the future and even right now,
将来 そして今でも
photographs from the patient,
患者が持つ
medical imaging technologies.
活用できます
to enter an era
素晴らしい影響を及ぼす
impact on our future.
about traditional AI,
運用が不便だった
intelligence architectures,
problems facing us today,
斬新なAIの仕組みについて
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pratik Shah - Medical technologistDr. Pratik Shah creates novel intersections between engineering, medical imaging, machine learning and medicine.
Why you should listen
Dr. Shah's research program at the MIT Media Lab develops scalable and low-cost diagnostics and therapeutics. His ongoing research areas at MIT include: 1) artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for detection of cancer biomarkers using standard photographs vs. expensive medical images; 2) unorthodox artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to design optimal and faster clinical trials and to reduce adverse effects on patients; and 3) low-cost and open source imaging devices, paper diagnostics, algorithms and mobile phones to improve public health and generate real-world data.
Clinical studies with Pratik's medical technologies have revealed "missing sick" patients, who otherwise remain undiagnosed in conventional healthcare settings. Dr. Shah's graduate and postdoctoral research contributed to the discovery of a vaccine component to prevent pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) diseases; the identification of new pathways, technologies and metabolites as antimicrobials to target gastrointestinal infections; and a nonprofit to deploy a low-cost water quality test for the developing world.
Past recognition for Dr. Shah includes the American Society for Microbiology's Raymond W. Sarber national award, the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospitals ECOR Fund for Medical Discovery postdoctoral fellowship, the AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassador Award and a TED Fellowship. Pratik has been an invited discussion leader at Gordon Research Seminars; a speaker at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Gordon Research Conferences and IEEE bioengineering conferences; and a peer reviewer for leading scientific publications and funding agencies. Pratik has a BS, MS, and a PhD in Microbiology and completed fellowship training at The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Pratik Shah | Speaker | TED.com