Pratik Shah: How AI is making it easier to diagnose disease
프라틱 샤 (Pratik Shah): 질병의 진단을 돕는 인공지능의 활용법
Dr. Pratik Shah creates novel intersections between engineering, medical imaging, machine learning and medicine. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
are performing incredible tasks
기능은 정말 놀랍습니다.
using human-like intelligence.
아주 엄청난 양을 정확하게 처리하죠.
is often referred to as AI
on our lives in the future.
엄청난 영향을 줄 힘을 가지고 있습니다.
we still face massive challenges
생명을 위협하는 질병들을
several life-threatening illnesses,
많은 어려움을 겪고 있습니다.
due to liver and oral cancer.
and diagnoses of these diseases.
질병의 조기 발견과 진단이죠.
and can artificial intelligence help?
인공지능은 어떤 도움을 주는지 알아볼까요?
are suspected of these diseases,
감염된 것으로 의심되는 환자들에게,
medical imaging technologies
CTs, MRIs, to be performed.
those images and talks to the patient.
환자에게 소견을 보냅니다.
a very resource-intensive process,
아주 소모가 심한 과정입니다.
expensive medical imaging technologies,
의료영상기술까지 갖춰야 하니까
for the developing world.
실용적인 방법이 아니죠.
industrialized nations, as well.
사정도 마찬가지입니다.
using artificial intelligence?
이 문제를 해결할 수 있을까요?
artificial intelligence architectures
제가 이 문제의 해결을 위해
of these very expensive medical images
to an expert physician,
those images for me.
or a deep learning network
심층 학습망을 이용해
intelligence approaches
and expert medical imaging technologies.
등이 필요하기 때문이죠.
intelligence architectures
problems facing us today?
중대한 과제들을 해결할 수 있을까요?
what my group at MIT Media Lab does.
저희 팀이 하고 있는 일입니다.
of unorthodox AI architectures
만들고 있죠.
challenges facing us today
with you today, we had two goals.
저희는 두 가지 목표를 정했습니다.
the number of images
학습에 필요한
artificial intelligence algorithms.
of expensive medical imaging technologies
값비싼 의료영상기술의 사용을
with tens and thousands
like traditional AI,
촬영하는 영상 수 천장을 대신해,
figured out a very clever way
수 억개의 정보 패킷을
of information packets.
아주 기발한 방법을 찾아냈죠.
included colors, pixels, geometry
질병의 색상, 화소, 기하학적 구조,
on the medical image.
into billions of training data points,
학습용 자료점으로 변환해,
needed for training.
현저히 줄이는 것이죠.
imaging technologies to screen patients,
의료영상기술의 사용을 줄이기 위해,
white light photograph,
사용하기 시작했습니다.
or a mobile phone, for the patient.
휴대전화에서도 가능한 것이죠.
billions of information packets?
the medical image onto this image,
바로 이 영상 위에 입혀
that we call a composite image.
we only required 50 --
our algorithms to high efficiencies.
단 50장의 영상으로 가능했던 것입니다.
very expensive medical images,
아주 값비싼 의료영상을 대신해,
in an unorthodox way,
인공지능의 학습이 가능하게 된 것이죠.
but standard photographs,
이용해 얻을 수 있는
and mobile phones,
in the future and even right now,
심지어 지금 당장이라도
photographs from the patient,
백색광 사진을 이용할 수 있습니다.
medical imaging technologies.
대신해서 말이죠.
to enter an era
impact on our future.
이미 와 있다고 믿습니다.
about traditional AI,
활용도가 낮기 때문에,
intelligence architectures,
해결할 수 있는
problems facing us today,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pratik Shah - Medical technologistDr. Pratik Shah creates novel intersections between engineering, medical imaging, machine learning and medicine.
Why you should listen
Dr. Shah's research program at the MIT Media Lab develops scalable and low-cost diagnostics and therapeutics. His ongoing research areas at MIT include: 1) artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for detection of cancer biomarkers using standard photographs vs. expensive medical images; 2) unorthodox artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to design optimal and faster clinical trials and to reduce adverse effects on patients; and 3) low-cost and open source imaging devices, paper diagnostics, algorithms and mobile phones to improve public health and generate real-world data.
Clinical studies with Pratik's medical technologies have revealed "missing sick" patients, who otherwise remain undiagnosed in conventional healthcare settings. Dr. Shah's graduate and postdoctoral research contributed to the discovery of a vaccine component to prevent pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) diseases; the identification of new pathways, technologies and metabolites as antimicrobials to target gastrointestinal infections; and a nonprofit to deploy a low-cost water quality test for the developing world.
Past recognition for Dr. Shah includes the American Society for Microbiology's Raymond W. Sarber national award, the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospitals ECOR Fund for Medical Discovery postdoctoral fellowship, the AAAS-Lemelson Invention Ambassador Award and a TED Fellowship. Pratik has been an invited discussion leader at Gordon Research Seminars; a speaker at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Gordon Research Conferences and IEEE bioengineering conferences; and a peer reviewer for leading scientific publications and funding agencies. Pratik has a BS, MS, and a PhD in Microbiology and completed fellowship training at The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Pratik Shah | Speaker | TED.com